Abstract: A method of reducing volatile organic compounds produced during a fermentation process includes (a) producing a volatile organic compound during a fermentation process, (b) generating ClO2 gas, (c) dissolving the ClO2 gas to form a ClO2 solution, and (d) introducing an aqueous ClO2 solution into said volatile organic compound wherein introducing said ClO2 solution reduces concentration of said volatile organic compounds. Another method includes (a) producing a volatile organic compound during a fermentation process, and (b) introducing ClO2 having an efficiency as ClO2 of at least about 90% into the volatile organic compound wherein introducing said ClO2 solution reduces concentration of said volatile organic compounds. An apparatus for treating volatile organic compounds produced during a fermentation process comprises a ClO2 generator fluidly connected to a batch tank, fluidly connected to a volatile organic compound producing fermentation vessel.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for using sunlight to convert an atmospheric gas to an output product and capture that output product. A photocatalytic element is encapsulated within a chamber of a photocatalytic panel in which the chamber is light transmissive, and is substantially permeable to the atmospheric gas and substantially impermeable to the output product. Water may be provided to the photocatalytic element to react with the atmospheric gas. A system is provided for withdrawing the output product for storage.

Abstract: An environmentally responsive building includes an array of window and/or building panels that are configured to generate an output product from environmental inputs. The panels may include photocatalytic elements capable of generating output product(s) from solar energy and atmospheric gas(es), and photovoltaic elements capable of generating electricity from solar energy. The building includes a transport network that provides inputs to the window/building panels and transports output product(s) to a storage system. A conversion system may be provided to convert the output product(s) to an input usable by the building. A supervisory controller monitors and controls the operation of the window/building panels as a function of the environment, and of the operation and capacity of the environmentally responsive components, including the panels, transport network, storage system and conversion system.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a vaporization region with packing material configured to transfer heat from a heated exhaust stream to a liquid-containing feed stream, and/or an insulation base adjacent a combustion region and configured to reduce external temperature of an enclosure. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a cooling block configured to maintain an igniter assembly in thermal communication with a feed stream conduit, an igniter assembly including a catalytic coating, and/or a fuel stream distribution assembly. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a heat conducting assembly configured to conduct heat from external heaters to an enclosure portion.

Abstract: A method and system for solid reactant based thermochemical process are disclosed. A metal oxide or solid reactant having a crystal structure associated with a characteristic state of high temperature engendering creation of oxygen vacancies is identified. The metal oxide is heated to the high temperature corresponding to the state of oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, the solid reactant is cooled to a temperature conducive to water splitting reaction. Steam is then introduced to react with the solid reactant to thereby re-oxidize the solid reactant producing hydrogen gas. Finally, the re-oxidized solid reactant is reheated to a reduction temperature completing the process of solid based reactant thermochemical solar power generation. The system includes one or more processors adapted to configure a solar absorption system, a thermochemical system, a gas storage system for storing product gases and a power generation system for processing the stored product gases into electrical power.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydrothermolysis of a mono- and/or oligosaccharide-comprising composition which in addition comprises at least one monoalkyl and/or dialkyl ether of a polyalkylene glycol, and also relates to a hydrothermolysis device.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing green-energy water, including: conducting water flow through a self-support visible-light photocatalytic reaction device, which decomposes the water into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions; conducting the hydrogen ions and the hydroxide ions through an ion separation device, which separates the hydrogen ions and the hydroxide ions from each other; and conducting the separated hydroxide ions into an amount of water to form an amount of alkaline green-energy water and conducting the separated hydrogen ions into another amount of water to form an amount of acidulous green-energy water. The green-energy water manufactured in this way is environmentally friendly and can be used in cleaning purposes of photoelectric and semiconductor industries, processing of waste water, organic cultivation, organic agriculture, purification of water, sterilization of medical facility.

Abstract: A two step process for the destruction of a precursor material using a steam plasma in a three zone reactor wherein the precursor material is hydrolyzed as a first step in the high temperature zone of the reactor, followed by a second step of medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream in the combustion zone of the reactor where combustion oxygen or air is injected and immediate quenching of the resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products. A related apparatus includes a non transferred direct current steam plasma torch, an externally cooled three zone steam plasma reactor means for introducing the precursor material into the plasma plume of the plasma torch, means for introducing the combustion air or oxygen into the combustion zone, means for exiting the reactant mixture from the reactor and means for quenching the reactant mixture located at the exit end of the reactor.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation apparatus 200 includes: an evaporating part 7; a reforming reaction part 9A connected to the downstream side of the evaporating part; a carbon monoxide reducing part 20 provided downstream from the reforming reaction part; and a gas guiding part 21 disposed between the reforming reaction part and the carbon monoxide reducing part and configured to guide a gas that has passed through the reforming reaction part to the carbon monoxide reducing part. The evaporating part and the carbon monoxide reducing part are arranged to be adjacent to each other such that, at least, a part of the evaporating part and a part of the carbon monoxide reducing part are heat exchangeable with each other.

Abstract: Methods and systems relate to treating an oil-in-water emulsion with an electron beam to decrease aromatic content therein for subsequent recovery of diesel products with upgraded cetane number. The method includes passing the emulsion formed of water and a hydrocarbon stream, such as light cycle oil, through an electron beam. The electron beam causes radiolysis of the water into intermediates that react with and open rings of aromatic compounds from the hydrocarbon stream. Separation of the water from the emulsion after the treating with the electron beam provides the diesel products, which may be hydroprocessed to remove oxygenates.

Abstract: A visible light sensitive photocatalyst including a compound represented by Formula 1: Aa-xM1xSib-yM2yOc??Formula 1 wherein A is one or more metals selected from Ag, Cu, and Au; M1 is one or more metals selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; M2 is one or more metals selected from Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, and Hf, and 1.7?a?2.3, 0.7?b?1.3, 2.7?c?3.3, 0?x<a, and 0?y<b.

Abstract: A system includes a portable source of gaseous chlorine dioxide (CD) to be generated within an isolated chamber or tent structure enclosing the device to be treated. A portable scrubber has first sourced couplings for sealingly connecting to a scrubbing flow path comprising at least one gas conduit for removing the CD from the device enclosed within an isolated chamber or tent structure. The gas conduit may have second couplings for connecting the device or isolated chamber or tent structure to the scrubbing flow path by way of a connection panel to complete a closed, filtered gas loop.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process to produce H2 from biomass containing carbon. The biomass is gasified to obtain a gaseous flow essentially containing molecules of carbon monoxide (CO) and molecules of molecular hydrogen (H2). These molecules (CO) and (H2) are then oxidized by oxygen holders in oxidized state (MeO) to obtain a gaseous flow essentially containing CO2 and water steam (H2Osteam) and oxygen holders in reduced state (Me). The oxygen holders are then oxidized by water steam. That oxidation produces oxidized oxygen holders and a gaseous flow essentially containing di-hydrogen (H2). The invention also refers to a system containing the means to perform the steps of such a process.

Abstract: The invention comprises a thermal power supply process for a treatment system for raw material. It also refers to a system operating this process and a facility operating said system. The process comprises steps of gasification of dry raw material containing carbon (MPCS) in a first reactor by a gaseous flow of gasification containing CO2, oxidation of gasification gases by oxygen holders in a second reactor and an activation of the oxygen holders as used during the oxidation in a third reactor.

Abstract: A gas-generating apparatus (10) includes a reaction chamber (18) containing a solid fuel component (24) and a liquid fuel component (22) that is introduced into the reaction chamber by a fluid path, such as a tube, nozzle, or valve. The flow of the liquid fuel to the solid fuel is self-regulated. Other embodiments of the gas-generating apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for reduction of the CO2 content of flue and atmospheric gases and equipment for application of the method. The characteristic of the solution according to the invention is, that “hydroxide” ionized water containing (OH?) ions of alkaline characteristics is used as reaction medium for binding carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas gets into reaction with alkaline ionized water, and during the reaction from the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and water, carbonate ion (CO32?) and hydrogencarbonate/bicarbonate (2HCO3?) are formed, and they leave for the outside atmosphere and/or outside water with the bound CO2 content in stable gas or liquid form.

Abstract: A CO shift catalyst according to the present invention is one that reforms carbon monoxide (CO) in gas. The CO shift catalyst includes: active ingredients including one of molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) as a main ingredient and one of nickel (Ni) and ruthenium (Ru) as an accessory ingredient; and one or at least two oxides of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce) as a carrier supporting the active ingredients. The CO shift catalyst can be used for a CO shift reactor 20 that converts CO in gasified gas 12 produced in a gasifier 11 into CO2.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: A water reactive hydrogen generation system includes devices and methods to combine reactant fuel materials and aqueous solutions to generate hydrogen. The generated hydrogen is used in a fuel cell or other application. The water reactive hydrogen generation system includes a reactant fuel chamber, a reactor chamber (zone), a water solution inlet, a hydrogen output port, and a material delivery device. The material delivery device can include a drive screw and a sliding piston to move the fuel material into the reactor zone when a reaction is initiated. As the reaction takes place, the reaction waste product is removed from the reaction zone to allow additional reactant fuel materials and aqueous solutions to be introduced and to continue the hydrogen-generating reaction. A reaction waste product created is exchanged for additional reactant fuel material at determined intervals to allow the reaction to continue until the reactant fuel is exhausted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hydrating lime in a horizontally disposed vessel where adjacent oppositely rotating shafts have first sets of spaced blades extending coaxially with an axis of each shaft and an adjacent second set of blades extending to an angle to the longitudinal axis, the blades directing a mixture of quicklime and water upwardly into a space between the shafts and towards the cover, while forming hydrated lime.

Abstract: A steam-hydrocarbon reforming process and apparatus wherein reformate from a prereformer is reacted in a gas heated reformer which is heated by reformed gas from a primary reformer. Reformate from the gas heated reformer is passed to the primary reformer as feed gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO2 reformers whereby a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention does not make use of fuel cells as its critical component but makes use of highly exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce large amounts of heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy. A New Concept for a duplex kiln was developed that has the combined functionality of steam/CO2 reforming, heat transfer, solids removal, filtration, and heat recovery.

Abstract: A fuel processing system for converting a logistical fuel and air into a liquid product comprising methanol. One such system comprises a fuel injection system configured to combine a logistical fuel and ambient air to produce a logistical fuel and air mixture, a synthesis gas production system configured to convert the logistical fuel and air mixture to synthesis gas, and a methanol synthesis system configured to convert the synthesis gas to a crude methanol liquid. Related methods are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: A device for producing hydrogen from borohydride, comprising a first tank (6) capable of housing water, a second tank (7) in which there is housed a mixture consisting of a solid borohydride and a solid organic acid under normal conditions, and connection means (5, 9) capable of allowing the water to pass from the first tank (6) to the second tank (7).

Abstract: The invention proposes a thermal oxidation system, which comprises: a reaction furnace for preparing silicon oxide by wet oxidation; a vapor generating chamber, feed gases reacting in the vapor generating chamber to generate water vapor and the generated water vapor entering the reaction furnace through the delivery of a pipeline; a feed gas inlet pipeline for providing the feed gases to the vapor generating chamber; a carrier gas inlet pipeline for providing the carrier gas to the reaction furnace; and a heater coupled to the feed gas inlet pipeline for heating the feed gases to promote their reaction to generate water vapor; characterized in that, the thermal oxidation system further comprises a heating device coupled to the carrier gas inlet pipeline.

Abstract: Living organism applicable hydrogen-contained fluid is obtained through storing a hydrogen generating system, which contains a hydrogen generating agent as an essential component, in a hydrogen bubble forming implement which has a gas/liquid separating section including a gas-permeable film or an open-close type valve, causing the hydrogen generating system and a generating-purpose water to react in the hydrogen bubble forming implement, and supplying hydrogen gas generated in the hydrogen bubble forming implement into living organism applicable fluid via the gas/liquid separating section.

Abstract: The invention presented herein is an integrated method and the systems based on the said method, which utilize renewable energy, or any energy the production of which emits little or no carbon dioxide (CO2), or the syngas produced from the said method, for generating electricity that powers the said systems; convert CO2 collected from either the open air or any CO2 emission sites into methane by reacting CO2 with hydrogen produced with no or little CO2 emission; store or transport methane or natural gas making use of the existing natural gas distribution system; providing a novel approach of using and expanding the usage of renewable energy; providing an ecologically CO2-neutral natural gas resource which allows human society to keep being driven by hydrocarbon fuels while not worrying about global warming.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a decomposing system for polyisocyanate residues that is capable of suppressing reaction of polyisocyanate residues with high temperature and high pressure water to allow smooth start-up of the operation, and a start-up method for the decomposing system for the polyisocyanate residues. The decomposing system is used for hydrolyzing the polyisocyanate residues to polyamine using high temperature and high pressure water, comprising a hydrolyzer, a water feed pipe connected to the hydrolyzer, a residual feed pipe connected to the water feed pipe, a solvent feed line for filling an organic solvent in a solvent filling portion of the residual feed pipe, and a solvent draining line. Upon start-up of the operation, the organic solvent is previously filled in the solvent filling portion via the solvent feed line and the solvent draining line, first, and then, the high temperature and high pressure water is fed from the water feed pipe to the hydrolyzer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating bulk material which contains carbon and impurities. According to the invention, bulk material is directly heated inductively inside a reactor.

Abstract: A chemical heat accumulator includes a receptacle, a first reaction vessel, and a second reaction vessel. The first reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the receptacle and supplied with water from the receptacle. The first reaction vessel contains a chemical compound that causes a hydration reaction with the water from the receptacle to generate water vapor by a heat of reaction, and causes a dehydration reaction by receiving heat. The second reaction vessel is hermetically connected to the first reaction vessel and supplied with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel. The second reaction vessel contains a chemical heat storage material that generates heat by causing a hydration reaction with the water vapor from the first reaction vessel and stores heat through a dehydration reaction caused by receiving heat. The chemical heat storage material is thermally in contact with an object to be heated.

Abstract: Described is a monolithic catalyst system (1) for the cleavage of water into hydrogen and oxygen with the aid of light, comprising a first photoactive material (50) capable by itself or together with one or more auxiliary catalysts when irradiated with light having a wavelength ?420 nm of generating oxygen and protons from water, and a second photoactive material (60) capable by itself or together one or more auxiliary catalysts (92) when irradiated with light having a wavelength ?420 nm of reducing protons in water to hydrogen, the first photoactive material (50) and second photoactive material (60) being in electrical contact via one or more electron-conducting materials (30, 20, 40, 60a) the system being in that characterized in that a load or an electric consumer is interposed in between at least one electron-conducting material. Likewise described is a method of generating oxygen, hydrogen and electricity from water using the catalyst system.

Abstract: A system for preparing silica aerogel powders. The system includes a material supplier, a mixer, a drier and a recoverer. The material supplier transmitting de-ionized water, water glass, an organosilane compound, an inorganic acid and at least one organic solvent. Some of organic solvents are mixed and transmitted to the mixer and tramining organic solvent is transmitted to the mixer. The mixer mixes the materials transmitted from the material supplier so as to generate silica hydrogel. The drier dries the silica hydrogel so as to generate silica aerogel powders. The recoverer recovers some vaporized materials of the materials used in the mixer and the drier.

Abstract: A system for the production of synthesis gas and, for the production thereof, where the system is preferably a net carbon dioxide absorber. The invention covers both the methodology for the development of the process and the system for the implementation of the process, inclusive of the required utility systems.

Abstract: The method for producing the optical semiconductor of the present disclosure includes a mixing step of producing a mixture containing a reduction inhibitor and a niobium compound that contains at least oxygen in its composition; a nitriding step of nitriding the mixture by the reaction between the mixture and a nitrogen compound gas; and a washing step of isolating niobium oxynitride from the material obtained through the nitriding step by dissolving chemical species other than niobium oxynitride with a washing liquid. The optical semiconductor of the present disclosure substantially consists of niobium oxynitride having a crystal structure of baddeleyite and having a composition represented by the composition formula, NbON.

Abstract: A biomass treatment apparatus (A) is constituted by a pressurized hot water reaction apparatus (1) in which pressurized hot water is used, biomass is hydrolyzed under first reaction conditions that provide for decomposition of hemicellulose so as to generate a first polysaccharide solution including xylooligosaccharides, and then the biomass is hydrolyzed under second reaction conditions that provide for decomposition of cellulose to generate a second polysaccharide solution including cellooligosaccharides, a first catalysis apparatus (2) in which the first polysaccharide solution that flows out from the pressurized hot water reaction apparatus (1) is hydrolyzed using a solid acid catalyst so as to generate a first monosaccharide solution including xylose, and a second catalysis apparatus (3) in which the second polysaccharide solution that flows out from the pressurized hot water reaction apparatus (1) is hydrolyzed using a solid acid catalyst so as to generate a second monosaccharide solution including gluc

Abstract: Methods and systems for sequestering carbon dioxide and generating hydrogen are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: dissolving an iron based material that includes a carbonate-forming element into a solution including the carbonate-forming element and iron; increasing a pH of the solution to cause precipitation of iron oxide from the solution thereby generating a first source of Fe2O3; reacting the carbonate-forming element in the solution with a first source of carbon dioxide to produce a carbonate thereby sequestering the carbon dioxide; oxidizing the first source of Fe2O3 with a carbonaceous fuel thereby generating a second source of carbon dioxide and iron; and oxidizing the iron with steam thereby generating hydrogen and an iron oxide. Some embodiments include producing iron-based catalysts.

Abstract: Methanol is produced as a storable and transportable carbon-based energy carrier using at least two different methods. To produce a first methanol portion, water is electrolyzed, preferably using energy from renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power, to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is then reacted with carbon dioxide to produce the first methanol portion. To produce a second methanol portion, methane is reacted with oxygen. A controller can advantageously be used to control the amount of chemicals in each reaction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen using an aluminum-based water-split reaction, in which water is reacted with metallic aluminum, at least one-soluble inorganic salt catalyst that causes progressive pitting of the metallic aluminum, and at least one metal oxide initiator that increases temperature upon exposure to water. The solid reactant materials are differentially distributed in a matrix relative to at least one inlet for introducing water to the matrix. The differential distribution affects at least one characteristic of the reaction, such as the rate, temperature, pressure and products of the reaction, the latter comprising one or more of hydrogen, heat and steam. The water-soluble inorganic salt catalyst may be sodium chloride, potassium chloride and combinations thereof, and the metal oxide initiator may be magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A chemical reactor of a technical plant, in particular a power plant system is provided. The chemical reactor includes a gas-tight wall forming a gas channel, wherein heat exchanger surfaces that are permeable with a first fluid and at least partially include a catalytically active surface are located in the gas channel. A method for converting CO using such a reactor is also provided.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) may be removed from carbon dioxide feed gas by contacting the carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure with a catalyst for oxidizing SO2, in the presence of oxygen (O2) to convert SO2 to sulfur trioxide (SO3); contacting SO3 in the resultant SO3-enriched carbon dioxide gas with water to produce sulfuric acid and SO2-depleted carbon dioxide gas; and separating the sulfuric acid from the SO2-depleted carbon dioxide gas. If present, NOx is also removed from the carbon dioxide feed gas as nitric acid to produce SO2-depleted, NOx-lean carbon dioxide gas. The method has particular application in the removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gas produced by oxyfuel combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel or carbonaceous fuel, within or downstream of the CO2 compression train of a CO2 recovery and purification system.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxanes with consistent product properties are prepared while minimizing alcohol usage in the hydrolysis of chlorosilanes by use of a vertical continuous loop reactor having a heating unit on an ascending side of the loop which is regulated such that the temperature of the reactant mixture is within ±5° C. of a set value.

Abstract: A process and system for producing high octane fuel from carbon dioxide and water is disclosed. The feedstock for the production line is industrial carbon dioxide and water, which may be of lower quality. The end product can be high octane gasoline, high cetane diesel or other liquid hydrocarbon mixtures suitable for driving conventional combustion engines or hydrocarbons suitable for further industrial processing or commercial use. Products, such as dimethyl ether or methanol may also be withdrawn from the production line. The process is emission free and reprocesses all hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel to form high octane products. The heat generated by exothermic reactions in the process is fully utilized as is the heat produced in the reprocessing of hydrocarbons not suitable for liquid fuel.

Abstract: A system for treating an exhaust stream issued by a power plant processes the exhaust stream in a methanol reactor. The exhaust stream contains CO and/or CO2, and can be a full stack or a partial stack exhaust stream. The methanol reactor is a pellet style of methanol reactor, and can be a foam or an alpha alumina oxide foam reactor. A plasma chamber generates H2 for reacting in the methanol reactor. A portion of the exhaust stream issued by the power plant is consumed in the plasma chamber. An algae reactor converts sequestered CO2 to O2. The algae is exposed to the exhaust stream to extract nutrients therefrom and thereby augment growth of the algae. The plasma chamber receives at a high temperature region thereof CO that is reduced to its elemental state. Cooling of the exhaust stream and precipitates the methanol to be re-burned as a fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon dioxide gas processing apparatus including an oxidization vessel for producing a magnesium oxide by oxidizing magnesium-containing powder in an atmosphere of a gas such as a carbon dioxide gas that contains oxygen as a constituent element thereof, a carbonate production tank that reserves water or a water solution therein and that introduces the magnesium containing oxygen as a constituent element produced in the oxidization vessel, and a carbon dioxide gas supplying means for supplying carbon dioxide gas to the carbonate production tank.

Abstract: A hydrogen generating element which can supply hydrogen efficiently and stably, is safe, and has low environmental load is provided. Further, a hydrogen generation device to which the hydrogen generating element is applied is provided. Furthermore, a power generation device and a driving device to each of which the hydrogen generation device is applied are provided. A hydrogen generating element in which a needle-like or dome-like silicon microstructure is formed over a base may be used and reacted with water, whereby hydrogen is efficiently generated. The hydrogen generating element may be applied to a hydrogen generation device. The hydrogen generation device may be applied to a power generation device and a driving device.

Abstract: In a synthesis gas methanation process, at least one first fraction of synthesis gas to treat is fed, together with steam, to a shift reactor where a shift reaction occurs; the gas flow produced in the shift reactor is then fed to a first methanation reactor where a methanation reaction occurs and then to further second methanation reactors in series, where further methanation reactions, performed with the addition of fresh synthesis gas which has not been subjected to the shift reaction.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: A method and system for producing a liquid fuel comprising: (a) reacting water with a first metal in a first reaction chamber to obtain hydrogen, heat, and an oxide of the first metal; (b) reacting carbon dioxide with a second metal, which is the same or different from the first metal, in a second reaction chamber, which is the same or different from the first reaction chamber, to obtain carbon monoxide, heat, and oxide of the second metal; (c) regenerating said first and second metals from said first and second oxides.

Abstract: An organic material production system using biomass material includes: a hydrothermal decomposition apparatus that causes the biomass material and hot compressed water to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from a biomass solid residue; a cellulose enzymatic saccharification device that treats, cellulose in the biomass solid residue, so as to enzymatically saccharify the cellulose to a first sugar solution containing hexose; an alcohol fermenter that produces alcohols by fermentation using the obtained first sugar solution; a sulfuric acid decomposition device that decomposes the hemicellulose component in hot water discharged from the hydrothermal decomposition apparatus, which contains the eluted lignin component and the eluted hemicellulose component, so as to decompose the hemicellulose component to a second sugar solution containing pentose; and a second alcohol fermenter that produces, usi

Abstract: A system for the production of hydrogen from water in the presence of slag, comprising a graphite crucible containing molten slag; a reaction hood disposed over said crucible; a water line for spraying water on the molten slag in the crucible; and a steel tube for collecting and transferring the produced hydrogen gas from said hood into a condenser tank.