Abstract: An embodiment prevents equipment fouling (deposition of unwanted material) in an oil recovery system via implementing passivation of metallic components. By preventing or at least slowing or inhibiting corrosion of equipment or components via passivation, such as passivating heat exchangers, metallic piping, and the like, an embodiment in turn reduces fouling thereof. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for producing an anticorrosive coating in which a surface to be treated is brought into contact with an aqueous treatment solution containing chromium(III) ions and at least one phosphate compound and an organosol. The corrosive protection of metal surfaces, in particular those containing zinc and zinciferous surfaces with conversion layers is improved. The decorative and functional properties of the surfaces are retained or improved. In addition, the well-known problems associated with the use of compounds containing chromium(VI) or with multi-stage processes are avoided in which a passivation layer containing chromium ions and a sealing are applied one after the other.

Abstract: An antimicrobial solution for disinfecting instruments in an automatic sterilization device, the solution comprising: a peracid reaction product formed in situ from combining a liquid acetyl donor with a solid source of peroxide, wherein the in situ reaction takes place in the sterilization device, along with a containment and delivery ampule for use in an automatic sterilization device, and methods for disinfecting a medical instrument employing the inventive antibacterial solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for removing or preventing scale formation in a liquid food processing operation. Aqueous antiscalant solutions comprising soluble magnesium salts are used to prevent the precipitation of insoluble calcium salts and/or to increase the solubility of insoluble calcium salts.

Abstract: A hydrogel having a floatability where from 40% to 90% of a solution and/or suspension to be thickened are thickened starting from the surface of the liquid and the rest of the solution and/or suspension to be thickened is thickened starting from the bottom of the container, a process for preparing the hydrogel and also its use for absorbing blood and/or body fluids, especially in hygiene articles, or for thickening aqueous solutions and/or suspensions, especially for thickening medical wastes.

Abstract: A method of providing corrosion inhibition to copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, beryllium, carbon steel, various alloys of such metals, and galvanized coatings in evaporative cooling water applications approaching zero liquid discharge that are specifically attacked by cooling water with residuals of corrosive chemistry or ions such as ammonia/ammonium ion, chloride, high TDS, OH?, or high pH. The method includes applying azoles inhibitors (such as TTA, BTA, etc.) at residuals of 0.25 mg/L to 200 mg/L or greater (as azoles) to the cooling water application and operating with a combination of high TDS (greater than 2500 mg/L) and high pH (greater than 9.0), while maintaining low total hardness (less than 200 mg/L as CaCO3).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a corrosion inhibiting composition is formed by combining: (a) an inorganic phosphate; (b) a water soluble polyelectrolyte polymer dispersant; (c) a tri or tetracarboxylic acid; and (d) at least one additional component comprising at least one of a C4-C22 aliphatic or aromatic mono- or dicarboxylic acid, a silicate and at least one of a silicone or a silicate stabilizing siloxane compound, and mixtures thereof. Also disclosed are heat transfer fluids that include about 5% to about 99% by weight of freezing point-depressing agent; about 1% to about 95% by weight of water; and the disclosed corrosion inhibitor composition. A method of reducing corrosion in a heat transfer system containing one or more components that contain magnesium or a magnesium alloy requires that the system and the magnesium containing components be in contact with the disclosed heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: Methods are provided to inhibit corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous systems such as cooling water systems. In accordance with the methods, a hydroxyacid compound and orthophosphates are used to treat the system. Additionally, an adjuvant including poly(epoxysuccinic acids), an additional hydroxy acid, and a polycarboxylic acid, may be added to the system water.

Abstract: A method of providing corrosion inhibition to copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, tin, lead, beryllium, carbon steel, various alloys of such metals, and galvanized coatings in evaporative cooling water applications approaching zero liquid discharge that are specifically attacked by cooling water with residuals of corrosive chemistry or ions such as ammonia/ammonium ion, chloride, high TDS, OH?, or high pH. The method includes applying azoles inhibitors (such as TTA, BTA, etc.) at residuals of 0.25 mg/L to 200 mg/L or greater (as azoles) to the cooling water application and operating with a combination of high TDS (greater than 2500 mg/L) and high pH (greater than 9.0), while maintaining low total hardness (less than 200 mg/L as CaCO3).

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion in a swirling motion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. In some embodiments a polymer is added. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In some embodiments, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of preventing corrosion in industrial water systems. The method includes maintaining a real-time oxidation-reduction potential at a set point, wherein the system is at operating temperature and pressure. A nonlinear equation is derived based upon theoretically derived or empirically collected data. The equation is then used to determine an inflow of active chemical species to the water system.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system, such as an evaporative cooling system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream water and in some embodiments is routed through a sidestream inlet from the top of the reaction chamber to its lower portion. A buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber, and in some embodiments is added upstream of a pH sensor. A fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In another embodiment, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inhibiting the biological acidification of water which is in contact with materials containing sulfur in reduced form or with elemental sulfur, susceptible to oxidation on the part of Thiobacilli, comprising putting said materials in contact with soluble inorganic salts at concentrations ranging from 0.4 normal to saturation.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting corrosion in aqueous evaporative systems where soluble silica (SiO2) is maintained at residuals between 10 Mg/L and saturation, but more preferably maintained at greater than 300 mg/L as SiO2, to provide corrosion inhibiting silica films that protect system metals. Silica is provided by evaporation of water and subsequent concentration and transformation of silica naturally contained in source water. The methods of the present invention provide highly effective inhibition of corrosion for mild steel, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc, galvanized steel and various alloys of such metals. The methods of the present invention comprise pretreatment removal of polyvalent metal ions from the makeup source water, maintenance of concentration of monovalent metal ions, and controlling pH at a minimum of 7.0 in the presence of an elevated temperature aqueous environment.

Abstract: A conditioning process and equipment are provided for removing hardness from water circulated in a system, such as an evaporative cooling system. A sidestream from such system is routed to a reaction chamber and back to the system. A conditioner is added to the sidestream before entering the reaction chamber and a buffer is added to the sidestream exiting the reaction chamber. Since some of the buffered sidestream is re-circulated, a fluid bed develops in the reaction chamber consisting of conditioner, buffer, precipitated solids and sidestream water. Continued sidestream water entry mixes with the fluid bed causing additional precipitation of solids. An upper outlet on the reaction chamber regulates the height of the fluid bed, and a drain provides for periodic discharge of the lower fluid bed. In another embodiment, a corrosion inhibitor blend is pre-mixed with the buffer, resulting in a softer, more readily drainable fluid bed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preventive treatment of corrosion, oxidation and/or depositions in domestic supply water distribution circuits, comprising steps which consist in: a diagnosis including an analysis of the state of corrosion, oxidation, depositions of the domestic supply water distribution circuit and an analysis of chemical elements of the water flowing in said circuit by sampling water flowing in said circuit; and preventive treatment of corrosion, oxidation and/or depositions of the domestic supply water distribution circuit by operating a treatment unit (3) measuring the flow rate of water entering the domestic supply water distribution circuit (2), and injecting a treatment product comprising silicates in an amount substantially proportional to the volume of water entering the domestic supply water distribution circuit, but not exceeding the feeding standards and adjusted on the basis of the result of the analysis of chemical elements of the water flowing in said circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment chemical formulations, and more particularly to chemical formulations used to treat water containing halogens as a sanitizing agent. The water treatment chemical formulations contain cyanuric acid and an alkali metal molybdate or silicate as an anticorrosion agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment chemical formulations, and more particularly to chemical formulations used to treat water containing halogens as a sanitizing agent. The water treatment chemical formulations contain cyanuric acid and an alkali metal molybdate or silicate as an anticorrosion agent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for providing a corrosion inhibiting aqueous solution which includes zinc orthophosphate where the zinc orthophosphate is solubilized. The invention is directed to a method of making a substantially contaminant-free, concentrated aqueous solution of zinc orthophosphate from zinc metal or zinc oxide and aqueous phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A process is provided for disinfecting articles at temperatures below 5° C. with an aqueous alcoholic salt solution. The process provides a fast reduction of microorganisms at low temperatures with a wide degree of efficacy.

Abstract: An anticorrosive, penetration enhancing composition for cleaning decontaminating and rinsing includes electrochemically activated (ECA) water as the decontamination agent. The anticorrosive decontamination composition has, as the anticorrosive agent, a compound or mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting corrosion of various metals used in sterilization decontamination and rinsing systems and objects such as medical instruments. Preferred anticorrosive compounds include phosphates, azoles, and sulfates. Other additives, including wetting agents, are added to reduce the surface energy of the ECA water. This reduced surface energy permits the ECA water to penetrate into objects of complex design thus permitting complete decontamination of the treated object.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and system for cleaning, disinfecting, or sterilizing objects, such as medical or dental instruments or devices. The system of the invention includes an energy source, such as a sonicator, adapted and configured to impact the object with energy, such as ultrasonic energy; a liquid transporter adapted and configured to circulate around, through, and/or into the object a wash composition, an antimicrobial composition, a rinse composition, or a plurality of these compositions; and a dryer adapted and configured to dry the object, preferably, in the presence of a sterilant. The method of the invention includes contacting the object with a wash composition and energy, such as ultrasonic energy; treating the object with an antimicrobial composition; rinsing the object with a rinse composition; and drying the object, preferably in the presence of a sterilant.

Abstract: Effective corrosion inhibitors having minimal organic content, particularly suitable for use in municipal drinking water systems, are described. The corrosion inhibiting additive is a stannous salt of a non-carbon acid.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous and other metals by passivating the metals. The system includes novel buffered compositions which may be applied to metal products, and novel combinations thereof with metals, for preventing or retarding corrosion, as well as methods for applying the buffered compositions to metal products, such that corrosion protection of the products is achieved. The methods include an in-situ application to existing structures with metal reinforcement as well as applications to metal products during manufacture. Generally, the compositions may be in various forms and comprise one or more layers, at least one of which includes a water repellent but water vapor permeable carrier component and one or more pH buffer components. The buffer is selected to produce a passivating pH at the surface of the metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns inhibitor compositions based on fatty sulphydryl acid and poly(ethyleneamino)imidazoline salts for considerably reducing the corrosive effect of carbon brine on iron and ferrous metals. These compositions are as efficient when the corrosive medium is driven with a high flowrate and in biphasic brine/oil medium.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for providing a corrosion inhibiting aqueous solution which includes zinc orthophosphate where the zinc orthophosphate is solubilized. The invention is directed to a method of making a substantially contaminant-free, concentrated aqueous solution of zinc orthophosphate from zinc metal or zinc oxide and aqueous phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method may include at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 1000 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9, and wherein a mean particle size of the anti-scalant is less than about 3 microns. The method may also include at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 1000 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9; and adding dispersant to the aqueous system.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and wherein the aqueous system has a pH of at least about 9. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, in the presence of up to about 0.4 ppm of cationic polymer. The method may include adding anti-scalant to the aqueous system at at least one of before a pulping digester and at a pulping digester, such that an amount of anti-scalant in the aqueous system is up to about 500 ppm, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate.

Abstract: Method for inhibiting scale deposits in an aqueous system. The method includes at least one of adding and forming anti-scalant in the aqueous system, wherein the anti-scalant comprises at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, and adding copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene. A composition includes at least one of polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate, copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutylene, and wherein a weight ratio of the at least one polyvalent metal silicate and polyvalent metal carbonate to the copolymer is from about 50:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: Effective corrosion inhibitors having minimal organic content, particularly suitable for use in municipal drinking water systems, are described. The corrosion inhibiting additive is a stannous salt of a non-carbon acid.

Abstract: Effective corrosion inhibitors having minimal organic content, particularly suitable for use in municipal drinking water systems, are described. The preferred corrosion inhibiting additive is an aqueous solution of a stannous halide, preferably stannous chloride.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous and other metals by passivating the metals. The system includes novel buffered compositions which may be applied to metal products, and novel combinations thereof with metals, for preventing or retarding corrosion, as well as methods for applying the buffered compositions to metal products, such that corrosion protection of the products is achieved. The methods include an in-situ application to existing structures with metal reinforcement as well as applications to metal products during manufacture. Generally, the compositions may be in various forms and comprise one or more layers, at least one of which includes a water repellent but water vapor permeable carrier component and one or more pH buffer components. The buffer is selected to produce a passivating pH at the surface of the metal.

Abstract: To inhibit the blackening of zinciferous metal-plated steel sheet while also generating a good corrosion resistance, fingerprint resistance, and chromium fixation ratio for the steel sheet, it is coated with an aqueous liquid composition that has a pH not exceeding 2.5 and contains hexavalent chromium ion, trivalent chromium ion, nickel ion, inorganic acid (preferably phosphoric acid), and film-forming resin, with a weight ratio between the nickel content and the total chromium content of 0.05 to 1, and the liquid coating is dried onto the treated metalsurface to form a blackening resistant coating that contains from 0.1 to 10 g/m.sup.2 resin and from 2 to 150 mg/m.sup.2 of total chromium.

Abstract: Ca ion is removed by a cation exchange resin and silica and corrosive ions are removed by an anion exchange resin. Even after the anion exchange resin reaches the silica break through point or after the cation exchange resin reaches the Ca ion break through point, the supply of water is continued until the average of silica concentration or Ca ion concentration reaches a predetermined value. By supplying both treated water before the break through point and treated water after the break through point, water containing silica or Ca ion of suitable concentration can be supplied to the water system with only one anion exchange column or cation exchange column.

Abstract: The prevention of corrosion on the surfaces of airwasher systems and particularly systems containing low levels of hardness is controlled utilizing a corrosion inhibiting amount of a composition including an alkali metal silicate, a hydroxycarboxylic acid or its water soluble salts, a polyacrylate or its water soluble salts, and a water soluble polymer which acts as a dispersant. Superior corrosion inhibition is achieved using the compositions of this invention as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in industrial airwasher systems employing mild steel metallurgy.

Abstract: Primary amines, ammonia, or mixtures thereof can be detected using a reagent comprising from about 650 ppm to about 25 percent by weight of phthalic dicarboxyaldehyde; from about 74 to about 99.88 percent by weight of an alkali metal borate; and, from about 550 ppm to about 22 percent by weight of a nucleophile.

Abstract: The water of a water system is treated to inhibit corrosion of metal components by passage through an anion exchanger preloaded with corrosion-inhibiting anions. A low molecular weight polymer is added. A chlorine containing slime controlling agent is added. The concentration of the chloride ion in water is maintained below 50 mg/L.

Abstract: A water treatment system for submersion in a body of water to be treated comprises a water-soluble glass treatment agent and a water-insoluble retaining means for the water-soluble glass treatment agent. The retaining means is adapted, in use, to retain water in contact with the water-soluble glass and may be a hollow container for the water-soluble glass or a moisture penetrable polymer composition which can be used as a matrix containing particulate water soluble glass. The water-treatment system may be immersed in water to act over an extended period of time in preventing or reducing problems caused by corrosion, scaling and/or fouling.

Abstract: The invention discloses a composition and method for the enhancement of polyguanide based water sanitizing systems and for conversion of such systems to alternative water sanitizing systems if desired. The method includes the addition of an enhancing or conversion agent selected from the group consisting of a halogen salt, a Bromohydantoin and a chlorobromohydantoin in an amount to provide a concentration of approximately from 1 to 50 parts per million. Sodium borate and/or polyphosphate may also be added to the system to improve the effectiveness of the enhancing agent. The system may be converted to an alternative water sanitizing system by the addition of a sanitizing agent selected from the group consisting of chlorine, copper, silver, quaternary ammonium compounds, and polyquaternary ammonium compounds, which may be released into the water at a rate of 0.01 to 1 ounces per hour per 10,000 gallons of water for a period until conversion is complete.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for inhibiting the corrosion of low carbon steel in contact with aqueous systems. The composition comprises a silicon compound containing a hydrolyzable group, a complex fluoro acid, and a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: The prevention of corrosion on the surfaces of metallic pipes, heat exchangers, and the like which are in contact with industrial cooling waters, and particularly industrial cooling waters containing low levels of hardness is controlled utilizing a corrosion inhibiting amount of a composition including an alkali metal silicate, a hydroxycarboxylic acid or its water soluble salts, an organophosphonate, and a water soluble polymer which acts as a dispersant. Superior corrosion inhibition is achieved using the compositions of this invention as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in cooling water systems employing mild steel metallurgy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a metal corrosion inhibiting composition comprising in admixture: (a) an anodic silicate salt; (b) a silicate salt stabilizer; (c) a cathodic corrosion inhibitor; and water. Preferably, the corrosion inhibiting composition also contains a polymeric scale inhibitor. The invention also relates to a process for treating an open aqueous system with the corrosion inhibiting composition.

Abstract: The invention discloses a composition and method for the enhancement of polyguanide based water sanitizing systems and for conversion of such systems to alternative water sanitizing systems if desired. The method includes the addition of an enhancing or conversion agent selected from the group consisting of a halogen salt, a Bromohydantoin and a chlorobromohydantoin in an amount to provide a concentration of approximately from 1 to 50 parts per million. Sodium borate and/or polyphosphate may also be added to the system to improve the effectiveness of the enhancing agent. The system may be converted to an alternative water sanitizing system by the addition of a sanitizing agent selected from the group consisting of chlorine, copper, silver, quaternary ammonium compounds, and polyquaternary ammonium compounds, which may be released into the water at a rate of 0.01 to 1 ounces per hour per 10,000 gallons of water for a period until conversion is complete.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion of iron and iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems containing sulfide compounds. The composition comprises (A) an aqueous solution of an alcohol, an acid, a fatty imidazoline, and an ethoxylated fatty diamine, and (B) an aqueous solution of a molybdate compound or salt thereof.

Abstract: A concentration-fluctuation responsive regulation of water treatment agent feed is achieved by adding an incipient to a sample whereby a concentration indicator is formed. Such a concentration indicator comprises a combination of the incipient reagent and a substantially nonfluorescent water treatment agent. The concentration indicator is then monitored by fluorescence analysis of the sample to determine at least one fluorescence emission value that can be correlated to an in-system concentration of the water treatment agent. The fluorescence emission value measured in then correlated to the in-system concentration of the water treatment agent.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an anion selected from the group consisting of phosphate, borate and molybdate groups, and a method for making these compounds. The compounds are useful in the control of microorganisms in aqueous systems and in the inhibition of corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with aqueous systems.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion of iron and iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems containing sulfide compounds. The composition comprises (A) an aqueous solution of an alcohol, an acid, a fatty imidazoline, and an ethoxylated fatty diamine, and (B) an aqueous solution of a molybdate compound or salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for detecting pH imbalances and/or achieving pH balance in crevices of a pressurized water reactor steam generator. The method comprises obtaining hideout return concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and sulfate ions, and silica from the water in the secondary side of the steam generator, the concentrations being expressed as moles per kilogram of water, and determining whether the following conditions exist:eq (anions)<eq (cations), and (a)[Na.sup.+ ]<[Cl.sup.- ]+2[SO.sub.4.sup.2- ] (b)the crevice pH being balanced when all the conditions of the determining step are satisfied. The method of the invention preferably further includes determining whether the following conditions also exist:[Cl.sup.- ]<[Na.sup.+ ] (c)[SiO.sub.2 ]>[Ca.sup.2+ ]+[Mg.sup.2+ ] (d)[Na.sup.+ ]/[Cl.sup.- ]<1.9. (e)If and when the above conditions are met, it can be expected that crevice pH will be balanced at a generally neutral level.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces in an aqueous medium, comprising incorporating into the medium a corrosion inhibitor in an amount sufficient to inhibit corrosion, the corrosion inhibitor comprising a water-soluble agent selected from the group consisting of compositions of the formula ##STR1## compositions of the formula and mixtures thereof, wherein R is R.sup.2 --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.x --wherein R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group of from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms, each carbon atom having at least one hydrogen and x is an integer of from about one to about ten, and R'N is a basic nitrogen compound that is at least water-dispersible.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for preparing zinc polyphosphate in a stable, concentrated solution, for water treatment purposes having a pH above 7.0 and in a preferred range of pH between 8.0 and 10.0. Without any acid solubilization required, an approximate 60% solution of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) is formulated and mixed thoroughly in a tank or similar container. Under constant stirring, a predetermined aqueous solution of a normal zinc salt, such as zinc chloride, gradually injected and mixed together into the TKPP solution at a preferred rate of about 5% of the zinc salt solution per minute and in a sufficient amount determined to add about 1 part of zinc to between 5-8 parts of TKPP by weight for maximum corrosion protection.