Abstract: An energy-releasing process for making fertilizer by consumption of a charable, reduced carbon source. The process comprises: (a) combining the carbon source with an oxide of an active metal to form a feedstock for high-temperature processing; (b) heating the feedstock in a furnace to yield an effluent gas entraining a carbide of the active metal; (c) cooling the effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal; (d) introducing nitrogen into the cooled effluent gas entraining the carbide of the active metal, to yield a cyanamide of the active metal and elemental carbon; (e) acidically hydrolyzing the cyanamide of the active metal to yield a cyanamide compound and a salt of the active metal; and (f) processing the cyanamide compound to yield an N-type fertilizer.

Abstract: Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an external circulating slurry reactive crystallizer, including a riser, a degassing zone and a downcomer. A lower end of the riser is communicated with a gas inlet pipe, a liquid inlet pipe and a solid feeding pipe, while an upper end of the riser is communicated with a lower end of the degassing zone. An upper end of the downcomer is integrally fixed to a sidewall of the degassing zone. At least one hydrocyclone is arranged at a lower end of the downcomer. The hydrocyclone is provided with an overflow port at an upper end thereof and an underflow port and a valve at a lower end thereof. The overflow port is communicated with the riser. The crystallizer can simultaneously realize reaction, crystallization and separation for continuous production with low cost, regulating and controlling the particle size distribution and morphology of crystals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extracting a compound of interest from plant material, such as acannabidiol (CBD) from cannabis, are provided. Particularly, the disclosed systems and methods utilize a crude oil to separate water, fats, and proteins prior to preparation of a CBD distillate. The systems and methods are operable with conventional solvents containing between about 5 wt % and about 8 wt % water.

Abstract: An automatic analysis device includes a reagent container, a reagent disk for holding the reagent container, a dispensing mechanism for dispensing a solution into the reagent container, an inversion mixing mechanism for subjecting the reagent container to inversion mixing, and a control unit for controlling the dispensing mechanism and the inversion mixing mechanism. The inversion mixing mechanism has a rotating mechanism for rotating the reagent container and a tilting mechanism for tilting a rotating shaft of the reagent container. The reagent container has a lid which can be pierced. The lid has a tubular mechanism having an opening part formed at the tip end and extending inside the reagent container. The control unit controls the dispensing conditions of the dispensing mechanism.

Abstract: The invention refers to a flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100?) for performing a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic medium. The flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100?) comprises a ferromagnetic material (5) and a retaining structure (1; 1; 1?), the retaining structure having a compartment (9; 9?) defined by a permeable material (11; 11?). The retaining structure (1; 1; 1?) comprises a top wall (3; 3?) and a circumferential side wall (4; 4?), wherein the top wall (3; 3?) and the circumferential side wall (4; 4?) is formed mainly by said permeable material (11; 11?). The compartment (9; 9?) of the retaining structure (1; 1; 1?) is arranged to contain at least one fluid-permeable solid reaction member.

Abstract: A seal for placement between a cylindrical shaft and a drum rotatably mounted with respect thereto includes an outside end member with a shaft section, a bore and a gas input connection and an inside end member non-rotatably attached thereto and configured to engage the shaft section. An outer end seal and an inner end seal are slidably and rotatably engaged with the shaft section. A circumferential seal is configured to non-rotatably engage with the outer and inner end seals. An interference fit is formed in the axial direction between an inner assembly, comprising the circumferential seal and the outer and inner end seals, and the outside and inside end members. An interference fit also is formed radially between the circumferential seal and a drum of a mixing machine. A method provides a seal for placement between a cylindrical shaft and a drum rotatably mounted with respect to the shaft.

Abstract: Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for producing granules that include ammonium sulfate may include a mixing device, an atomizing device and a fluidized bed. The mixing device may be utilized to produce a composition comprising ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate. The atomizing device may be disposed downstream of the mixing device and may be utilized to atomize the composition produced in the mixing device. The fluidized bed may also be disposed downstream of the mixing device. The fluidized bed may be utilized for producing the granules. Further, with respect to a process for producing granules comprising ammonium sulfate, a step of granulating a composition comprising ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate may involve providing ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei, fluidizing the ammonium sulfate-containing nuclei, and atomizing the composition onto the nuclei.

Abstract: Provided are methods, systems, and kits for cell processing, e.g., for therapeutic use, such as for adoptive cell therapy. The provided methods include transduction methods, in which cells and virus are incubated under conditions that result in transduction of the cells with a viral vector. The incubation in some embodiments is carried out in an internal cavity of a generally rigid centrifugal chamber, such as a cylindrical chamber made of hard plastic, the cavity of which may have a variable volume. The methods include other processing steps, including those carried out in such a chamber, including washing, selection, isolation, culture, and formulation. In particular, the disclosure relates to method providing advantages over available processing methods, such as available methods for large-scale processing. Such advantages include, for example, reduced cost, streamlining, increased efficacy, increased safety, and increased reproducibility among different subjects and conditions.

Abstract: A method includes exposing a non-aqueous solution to ultraviolet illumination, where the non-aqueous solution includes one or more lanthanide elements and one or more photo-initiators. The method also includes producing lanthanide nanoparticles using the non-aqueous solution. The non-aqueous solution could be formed by mixing a first non-aqueous solution including the one or more lanthanide elements and a second non-aqueous solution including the one or more photo-initiators. The non-aqueous solution could include one or more metallic salts, where each metallic salt includes at least one lanthanide element. The one or more metallic salts could include erbium chloride, and the one or more photo-initiators could include benzophenone. The non-aqueous solution could include an organic solvent, such as an alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a granulate of a urea product comprising urea and a salt, such as urea ammonium sulfate, having a high content of the salt. The high content is such as to provide an amount of the salt above the limit of solubility of the salt in urea. The granulate of the invention is characterized by having a smooth surface, which, e.g. in the event of urea ammonium sulfate, is not normally the case for granulate having the aforementioned high ammonium sulfate content. According to the invention this is realized by dividing the feed liquids to granulation. This division is based on non-final granulation liquids of a sufficiently high content of the salt, and a final granulation liquid (determining the surface) having a salt content of below the solubility limit of the salt, or no salt at all. E.g. in the event of urea ammonium sulfate, the non-final granulation liquids possibly are a slurry of urea and more than 20 wt. % of ammonium sulfate. The final granulation liquid then has 0-20 wt.

Abstract: A device is provided for performing chemical transformation in a fluid, with a flow distributor having at least one fluid medium inlet, at least one fluid medium outlet, and at least one confinement wherein the chemical transformation is performed; and a means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device. At least one confinement may be equipped with a provision for providing heat, cooling, sound, light or other types of radiation, such provision being contacted to an external source through an actuator shaft. The flow distributor may be provided with sectors connected with the centrally located fluid medium inlet and a designated peripheral fluid medium outlet. The means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device may be an element producing magnetic fields or a shaft mechanically connected to an external actuating device.

Abstract: In flue-gas desulfurization equipment, in order to gypsumize sulfur dioxide in a byproduct at approximately 100% and to make desulfurization rate approximately 100%, the flue-gas desulfurization equipment (1) according to the present invention is provided with a basket-shaped rotation cylinder (20) arranged in the fixing duct (10) in a state of being supported rotatably around a horizontal shaft (21), a rotation packed bed (30) formed by filling fillers for gas-liquid contact in the basket-shaped rotation cylinder (20), a slurry storage tank (40) having plural communication storage sections (41) located below the rotation packed bed (30) and divided by separation plates (43) each of which has a communication part (43a), and slurry spraying means (63) which are provided corresponding to the plural communication storage sections (41) and which spray the absorbent slurry extracted from the corresponding communication storage sections (41) to upper parts of the communication storage section (41) in the rotation p

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multifunctional module comprising one or more units selected from the group consisting of reactor units, filter units, membrane units, reactor-separator units, clarificator units, purificator units, extractor units, and mixer units. The units are connected parallel or in series or both to each other, and each unit has at least one member having a surface, which surface is rotating with the member. The member is rotating around an axis making the unit operate under centrifugal force. One or more chambers for fluids are co-rotating with the rotating member. The present invention relates further to units which could be used in a spinning multifunctional module, and use of a spinning multifunctional module.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for feeding and/or discharging fluids in microreactor arrays through one or several fluid ducts that extend into each individual microreactor and can be individually controlled and regulated, in order to control, regulate, influence, and/or verify processes. The fed or discharged amounts of fluid are introduced into or discharged from the volume of the reaction liquid during a continuous shaking process and are evenly mixed as a result of the shaking process. The continuous shaking process causes sufficient mass transfer and thorough mixing of the reaction partners or fluids while the reaction is not limited or restricted by the mass transfer conditions.

Abstract: The Invention relates to an apparatus or installation for producing active carbon, in particular by carbonization and subsequent activation of polymeric, organic, preferably sulphonated, starting materials, wherein the apparatus or installation comprises optionally a drying device for drying the starting materials, optionally a sulphonating device, arranged downstream of the optionally present drying device, for sulphonating and/or peptizing the optionally previously dried starting materials, a carbonizing device, arranged downstream of the optionally present drying device and/or the optionally present sulphonating device, for carbonizing the optionally previously dried and/or sulphonated and/or peptized starting materials, as well as an activating device, arranged downstream of the carbonizing device, for activating the starting materials previously carbonized in the carbonizing device, wherein the apparatus or installation also comprises at least one exhaust-gas treatment device for treating the exhaust gas

Abstract: A device is provided for performing chemical transformation in a fluid, with a flow distributor having at least one fluid medium inlet, at least one fluid medium outlet, and at least one confinement wherein the chemical transformation is performed; and a means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device. At least one confinement may be equipped with a provision for providing heat, cooling, sound, light or other types of radiation, such provision being contacted to an external source through an actuator shaft. The flow distributor may be provided with sectors connected with the centrally located fluid medium inlet and a designated peripheral fluid medium outlet. The means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device may be an element producing magnetic fields or a shaft mechanically connected to an external actuating device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor for preparing a precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide for lithium secondary batteries, the reactor having a closed structure including a stationary hollow cylinder; a rotary cylinder having the same axis as the stationary hollow cylinder and an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the stationary hollow cylinder, an electric motor to generate power, enabling rotation of the rotary cylinder, a rotation reaction area disposed between the stationary hollow cylinder and the rotary cylinder, wherein ring-shaped vortex pairs that are uniformly arranged in a rotation axis direction and rotate in opposite directions are formed in the rotation reaction area, and an inlet through which a reactant fluid is fed into the rotation reaction area and an outlet through which the reactant fluid is discharged from the rotation reaction area.

Abstract: A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged.

Abstract: A device is provided for performing chemical transformation in a fluid, with a flow distributor having at least one fluid medium inlet, at least one fluid medium outlet, and at least one confinement wherein the chemical transformation is performed; and a means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device. At least one confinement may be equipped with a provision for providing heat, cooling, sound, light or other types of radiation, such provision being contacted to an external source through an actuator shaft. The flow distributor may be provided with sectors connected with the centrally located fluid medium inlet and a designated peripheral, fluid medium outlet. The means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device may be an element producing magnetic fields or a shall mechanically connected to an external actuating device.

Abstract: A tube reactor having a substantially tubular body portion including a conical section, an entry port, an opposing exit port, and an axis extending between the ports through the body portion. The tubular body portion being rotatable about the axis. At least one reactant can be fed into the tubular body portion and directed toward the conical section. An inner surface of the tubular body portion receives the reactants from the conical section, and processes the reactants. An insert may be positioned within the tubular body portion to further process the reactants along the inner surface. A rotating reservoir having a damper can be coupled to the rotating tubular body portion. The damper receives the processed reactants from the inner surface of the tubular body portion, and guides the processed reactants into the rotating reservoir to minimize turbulence. The rotating reservoir then separates the processed reactants by density.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reactor for at least two liquid materials, comprising an enclosed reactor housing; a feeding tube having liquid material inlets for receiving corresponding liquid materials respectively; a distribution tube communicating with the feeding tube and extending into the reactor housing, the distribution tube being provided with a plurality of distribution holes in the region thereof extending into the reactor housing; a rotating bed in form of a hollow cylinder, which is disposed in the reactor housing via a fixing mechanism, thus dividing inner cavity of the reactor housing into a central area and an outer area, the rotating bed being capable of rotating driven by a driving mechanism; and a material outlet provided in a lower portion of the reactor housing for outputting product after reaction.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a catalyst composition for producing organic compounds comprising (a) a catalyst that promotes the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) and a methane steam reforming (MSR) catalyst, wherein the catalyst composition causes oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (b) a catalyst that promotes syngas generation (SG) and a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (c) a SG catalyst, a MSR catalyst, and a FT catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes non-oxidative dehydrogenation to form reactive species and oligomerization of the reactive species to produce the organic compounds; or (d) a FT catalyst and a MSR catalyst wherein the catalyst composition causes reforming reactions and chain growing reactions to produce the organic compounds.

Abstract: The Centrifugal Fluid Ring Plasma Reactor employs a centrifugal impeller and a fluid barrier to mix multi-phase fluids and repeatedly move the mixture through a reaction zone, where the mixture contacts catalysts and/or is subjected to electromagnetic, mechanical, nuclear, and/or sonic energy to create ions, free radicals or activated molecules, which initiate or promote a desired reaction. In one embodiment, high-voltage electromagnetic energy is applied to Cobalt and Tungsten/Thorium electrodes in the reaction zone to create plasma. The Centrifugal Fluid Ring Plasma Reactor is suitable for converting carbon dioxide and methane into useful fuel products and for performing other multi-phase chemical reactions.

Abstract: Reactors for the pyrolysis of pyrolyzable matter, pyrolysis systems incorporating the reactors and methods of using the reactors are provided. Also provided are systems and methods for integrating the pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolyzable matter. The pyrolysis reactors create a horizontally rotating, fluidized-bed to which pyrolyzable matter, such as biomass, may be converted via pyrolysis into liquid fuels and/or value-added chemicals.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for preparing a cathode active material precursor for lithium secondary batteries including a cylindrical outer chamber, an inner cylinder that has the same central axis as the outer chamber and is mounted to rotatably move along the central axis, an electric motor to transfer power to rotate the inner cylinder, a reactant inlet disposed on the outer chamber, to add reactants to a space between the outer chamber and the inner cylinder, and an outlet disposed in the outer chamber, to obtain reaction products after reaction in the space between the outer chamber and the inner cylinder, and a method for preparing a cathode active material precursor for lithium secondary batteries using the apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a high molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate (PET) via a solid state polymerization system. The method comprises using an acid catalyst to effectuate the conversion of acetaldehyde present within the system to 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, which can be readily removed. The invention also relates to PET prepared via this process, which can advantageously exhibit low levels of acetaldehyde.

Abstract: The current application is directed to an enclosed rotor-based cavitational and catalytic flow-through reaction chamber (“ERCCFRC”) that can be employed in a variety of thermal, chemical, and fluid-mechanical processes. The ERCCFRC features a reaction chamber that incorporates a spinning rotor, generating fluid-mechanical forces and cavitation in a fluid within the ERCCFRC. The reaction chamber further incorporates one or more heterogeneous catalysts that promote specific chemical reactions.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of at least one gaseous hydrocarbon (14) in the presence of a solid catalyst in a reactor (4) into which the catalyst is introduced via an inlet lock chamber (17) flushed by an inert gas (21, 22, 25, 26) and from which the carbon nanotubes are withdrawn via an outlet lock chamber (37) which is flushed with a flow of inert gas (39, 40).

Abstract: A thin film tube reactor comprising a tube having a longitudinal axis, an inner cylindrical surface, a closed end and an open end, wherein the tube is rotatable about the longitudinal axis and wherein the angle of the longitudinal axis relative to the horizontal is variable between about 0 degrees and about 90 degrees.

Abstract: A hydrogen generation device and a fuel cell using the same are provided. The hydrogen generation device includes a first containing groove, a cover, a second containing groove, and a rotating device. The first containing groove contains liquid water. The cover is fixed on the first containing groove and covers the liquid water. The cover has an opening for exposing the liquid water. The second containing groove is stacked on the cover and divided into a plurality of containing compartments, wherein each containing compartment contains a solid fuel. The opening is aligned with one containing compartment so that the corresponding solid fuel reacts with the liquid water generate hydrogen. The rotating device is connected with the first or the second containing groove. The opening is moved and aligned with another containing compartment when the rotating device drives the first containing groove and the second containing groove to relatively rotate.

Abstract: A device is provided for performing chemical transformation in a fluid, with a flow distributor having at least one fluid medium inlet, at least one fluid medium outlet, and at least one confinement wherein the chemical transformation is performed; and a means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device. At least one confinement may be equipped with a provision for providing heat, cooling, sound, light or other types of radiation, such provision being contacted to an external source through an actuator shaft. The flow distributor may be provided with sectors connected with the centrally located fluid medium inlet and a designated peripheral, fluid medium outlet. The means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device may be an element producing magnetic fields or a shall mechanically connected to an external actuating device.

Abstract: A microchip having an inlet (14) for collecting a liquid sample; at least one capillary cavity (4) capable of collecting a specific amount of the liquid sample through the inlet (14) by using capillary force; and a holding chamber (5) communicating with the capillary cavity (4) and receiving the sample liquid in the capillary cavity (4) transferred by centrifugal force generated by rotation about an axis. The capillary cavity (4) interconnecting the inlet (14) and the holding chamber (5) has, in one side face of the capillary cavity (4), cavities (15, 16) not generating capillary force and communicating with the atmosphere, and this prevents mixing of air bubbles into the capillary cavity (4).

Abstract: The system and method described herein provide for the higher production rate fractionation of biomass for the purpose of selectively separating specific volatile components, which may subsequently be used in the production of a renewable liquid fuel, such as gasoline. Increased production rates of processing of biomass or other feedstock is achieved through the use of sealed reaction chambers, which may be transferred in a sealed configuration between stations in a multi-station processing system. Also, the present invention considers the use of piston assemblies for the dual functions of controlling fluid intake and exhaust (in combination with valves) and for providing a more robust and more cost effective sealing mechanism. The present invention may also achieve improved uniformity of biomass processing through the introduction of a mechanical agitator designed to mix the biomass during processing.

Abstract: The plate reactor includes a rotatable plate coated with a thin film containing an active photocatalytic nanocomposite. In use, the plate is partially submerged in polluted water so that a portion thereof is exposed to air and light. The exposed areas of the plate gains oxygen from the air, which reacts with the photo-promoted electrons from the coating. This results in the formation of very reactive superoxide radical ions (O2?) and/or the generation of hydroxyl radicals (.OH), either of which can oxidize targeted organic matter and pollutants in wastewater when the exposed area is submerged during rotation of the plate, thus purifying the water. A plurality of paddles radially extend from the edge of the plate to mix the water during rotation.

Abstract: A device is provided for performing chemical transformation in a fluid, with a flow distributor having at least one fluid medium inlet, at least one fluid medium outlet, and at least one confinement wherein the chemical transformation is performed; and a means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device. At least one confinement may be equipped with a provision for providing heat, cooling, sound, light or other types of radiation, such provision being contacted to an external source through an actuator shaft. The flow distributor may be provided with sectors connected with the centrally located fluid medium inlet and a designated peripheral fluid medium outlet. The means for rotating, rocking, wagging, or oscillating the device may be an element producing magnetic fields or a shaft mechanically connected to an external actuating device.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an apparatus having a first porous rotor positioned about an axis of rotation, wherein the first porous rotor comprises a first catalyst; an outer casing, wherein the outer casing and the first porous rotor are separated by an annular space; and a motor configured for rotating the first porous rotor about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: A method for regenerating activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is provided. The method includes loading the activated coke to an environment under 150 to 250° C., heating the activated coke to a temperature of 700 to 850° C. for about 40 to 90 minutes; and providing a steam to the activated coke with a rate of 0.1 to 0.5 m3/(ton of activated coke). When the activated coke is being heated at the temperature, it generates a gas mixture including a steam portion and at least a paraffine gas. The gas mixture flows along a reverse direction relative to a flow of cooling water, so that the steam portion is converted into a part of the cooling water for recycling. The paraffine gas is used as a fuel. An apparatus for regenerating the activated coke used for treating wastewater or sewage is also provided.

Abstract: Improved, fuel-efficient systems are provided for the processing of biomass, such as wood or crop residues, food waste or animal waste in order to selectively obtain torrefied and/or carbonized final products. In general, the processes involve thermally drying incoming biomass using a dryer employing the hot gas output of a fuel-operated burner. Next, the dried product is torrefied in an indirect torrefaction reactor so as to evolve light volatile organic compounds which are used as a gaseous fuel source for the burner. The torrefied product can be recovered, or some or all of the torrefied product may be directed to a carbonization reactor coupled with a reactor burner. Carbonization serves to remove most of the remaining VOCs which are used as a gaseous fuel input to the dryer. In certain instances, portions of the dried biomass are directed to the burners, as an additional source of fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and method for continuously producing and dehydrating gas hydrates. The apparatus includes a gas source, a water source, a reactor, a spinning wheel, and a centrifugal separator. The gas source and the water source are connected to the reactor. Gas and water are respectively supplied from the gas source and the water source into the reactor and react with each other in the reactor to form gas hydrate slurry. The spinning wheel and the centrifugal separator are provided in the reactor. The spinning wheel supplies the formed gas hydrate slurry to the centrifugal separator. The centrifugal separator dehydrates the gas hydrate slurry. Water removed from the gas hydrate slurry by the dehydration of the centrifugal separator is re-supplied into the reactor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons such as asphaltenes to lighter oil and gas components is disclosed. The process provides a reaction environment that promotes fast and selective cracking of heavy hydrocarbons, while minimizing coke formation and fouling and enhancing product yields.

Abstract: The present invention is provided with a reaction apparatus (12) that supplies carbon raw material (11) and fine particles (50) to cause carbon nanofibers to grow on surfaces of the fine particles (50), a heating apparatus (20) that heats the reaction apparatus 12, a recovery line (23) that recovers fine particles on which the carbon nanofibers have grown from the reaction apparatus, and a carbon nanofiber separating apparatus (24) that separates carbon nanofibers (52) from the recovered fine particles on which carbon nanofibers have been grown.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. The gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange.

Abstract: Reactor for production of silicon, comprising a reactor volume, distinctive in that the reactor comprises or is operatively arranged to at least one means for setting a silicon-containing reaction gas for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) into rotation inside the reactor volume. Method for production of silicon.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing medical waste including: (i) a drum defining a substantially cylindrical treatment chamber having a closed end and a substantially open end, wherein the drum is rotationally balanced about a rotational axis; (ii) an enclosing body supporting the drum; (iii) a movable barrier for selectively closing the opening for accessing the open end of the drum; (iv) a structure for supporting the enclosing body so that the pitch of the rotational axis of the drum is positioned or can be positioned in at least one position between about 0 degrees and about 30 degrees. According to one aspect, the apparatus has a chemical generator for generating a germicidal agent. According to yet another aspect, the apparatus has a movable mounting such that the pitch of the rotational axis of the drum can be selectively moved.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of carbon nanotubes by thermal decomposition of at least one gaseous hydrocarbon (14) in the presence of a solid catalyst in a reactor (4) into which the catalyst is introduced via an inlet lock chamber (17) flushed by an inert gas (21, 22, 25, 26) and from which the carbon nanotubes are withdrawn via an outlet lock chamber (37) which is flushed with a flow of inert gas (39, 40).

Abstract: Method of separating recoverable material from products containing mercury. The method including crushing products to form crushed material, mixing crushed material with a liquid which has an oxidizing agent which has been chosen from a group which sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and chlorates, oxidizing at least a portion of metallic mercury in the products for forming mercury oxide under influence of oxidizing agent. The method further includes separating a sludge, which sludge having formed mercury oxide, from at least a portion of the liquid.