Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a decomposing and collection apparatus for use with a fluid. The apparatus includes an assembly for generating ions via applying atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma to the fluid and separating the generated ions. The assembly includes multiple plasma generator and separator units that are vertically stacked relative to each other. Each of the multiple plasma generator and separator units includes a plasma generator for generating the generating atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma, and a separator disposed to receive the positively and negatively ions ejected from the plasma generator and configured to redirect the received positively charged ions in one direction and the received negatively charged ions are redirected to another direction different from the one direction. The apparatus also includes a collector configured to collect at least one of the redirected positively charged ions and the negatively charged ions.

Abstract: The invention describes a food or flour composition derived from fungal fermentation of plant material, the flour composition having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight. Also described are processes for the manufacture of the food or flour compositions using fungal fermentation having a total metabolizable carbohydrate level of between 0.1-50% by weight.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for inactivating microorganisms are disclosed. An example light emitting device that inactivates microorganisms on a surface comprises a light emitter configured to emit a first light comprising a first wavelength in a range of 380 nanometers (nm) to 420 nm, a first light-converting material configured to convert a first portion of the first light to at least a second light comprising a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, and a second light-converting material configured to convert a second portion of the first light to at least a third light comprising a third wavelength different from the first wavelength, wherein at least the first light, the second light, and the third light mix to form a disinfecting white light.

Abstract: A Sterilization Unit includes: a UV-C radiation source configured to emit UV-C radiation; and a room partition selectably configurable between two or more different partition geometrics and configured, in each of the two or more different partition geometrics, to (a) physically separate floor space of a room into sterilization target area and a non-target area, and (b) direct the UV-C radiation to the target area from at least two different directions while shielding the non-target area from the UV-C radiation.

Abstract: A sterilizing method for sterilizing a sterilization object housed in a chamber 11 includes an ozone preparation step S504 for filling an inside of a buffer tank 34 with ozone gas, and an ozone injection step S505 for injecting the ozone gas filled in the inside of the buffer tank 34 into the chamber 11.

Abstract: A sterilizing method for sterilizing a sterilization object housed in a chamber 11 includes a first vapor injection step S502 for injecting vapor produced from a first aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to an inside of the chamber 11, an ozone injection step S505 for injecting ozone gas to the inside of the chamber 11 after the first vapor injection step S502, and a second vapor injection step S507 for injecting vapor produced from a second aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to the inside of the chamber 11 after the ozone injection step S505. A total amount of the hydrogen peroxide included in the second aqueous solution is smaller than or equal to a total amount of the hydrogen peroxide included in the first aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing an article includes receiving the article in a sterilization chamber. The method also includes applying a vacuum to a first pressure less than 100 torr. The method also includes introducing a sterilant into the sterilization chamber. The method also includes maintaining the first pressure in the sterilization chamber for a first period of time. The method also includes venting the sterilization chamber to a second pressure less than 100 torr. The method also includes maintaining the second pressure. The method also includes venting the sterilization chamber to a third pressure. The method also includes maintaining the third pressure. The method also includes venting the sterilization chamber to atmospheric pressure. The method further includes between venting and maintaining steps applying a vacuum to a fourth pressure less than 100 torr, introducing additional sterilant, and maintaining the fourth pressure.

Abstract: In a treatment arrangement for treating a surface, with a planar electrode array (2,2?), to which an electrical voltage can be fed, and with a planar shielding layer (1) which is made of an insulating plastic and which ate least partially surrounds the electrode array (2,2?), a reliable and fixed connection between the electrode array (2,2?) and shielding layer (1) is achieved by the fact that electrode array (2,2?) is made of a pourable plastic provided with plastic additives and that, in the region of a boundary layer (22) between electrode array (2,2?) and shielding layer (1), the plastics of the electrode array (2,2?) and of the shielding layer (1) are connected to each other by material bonding.

Abstract: A catheter insertion aid may comprise: an insertion tip located at a proximal end of the insertion aid; a flexible bag; a self-sealing mating mechanism on the proximal end of the insertion aid; and a physical interface that helps a user hold and support the insertion aid against the body when inserting the catheter tube into the male or female urethral tract. The catheter insertion aid may mate with a urinary intermittent catheter with a catheter tube to be inserted into a male or female urethral tract to facilitate drainage of urine from a bladder into a receptacle. The flexible bag may surround the catheter tube with a first collar connection mechanism connecting to the insertion aid and a second collar connection mechanism connecting to a catheter funnel. The self-sealing mating mechanism may mate with the catheter funnel to create a hermetic seal that is substantially air- and water-tight.

Abstract: An at-home sterilization and data acquisition and deposition device including a housing having an opening or series of openings for receiving up to six medical devices, a sterilization chamber formed within the housing that is lined with sterilizing radiation reflecting material, and several sources of sterilizing radiation disposed within the sterilization chamber for sufficient emission of radiation to achieve a significant log reduction of any pathogens present on the medical devices, and an RFID scanner and sensor suite configured into the housing that prevents sterilization of non-system components, radiation emission into the environment, and that can pair with a user's mobile device.

Abstract: The present device provides a safe, effective means of mobile ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. A control board within the main body of the device receives data from sensors that may variously measure orientation and speed of the main body as it moves along various surfaces for disinfection. In response to such data, the control board may brighten, dim, or completely shut off UV light-emitting diodes (UVLEs), both to prevent over- and under-exposure of the materials being disinfected, and to prevent a user from unsafely using the device.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus including a white light emitting device including at least one first light emitting diode and a wavelength converter to implement white light, and at least one second light emitting diode to emit light to sterilize at least one pathogenic microorganism, in which the first light emitting diode emits light having a central wavelength in a range of violet or blue, the second light emitting diode emits light having a central wavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about 420 nm, the wavelength converter includes a plurality of wavelength conversion substances to convert light of the first light emitting diode into white light, and an irradiance of light emitted from the second light emitting diode is configured to be greater than that from the white light emitting device at the same wavelength.

Abstract: A method reduces microbiological contamination in a closed chamber (6), formed by at least two interconnected components (1, 4), by introducing a germicidal medium in liquid form into the chamber (6). The chamber (6) is formed by and between a cap (4) and a head (2) of a filled container.

Abstract: A system and method for the electromagnetic energization of packed content, in which the system includes at least one container filled with at least one fluid, at least one energization element, at least one grounding element, at least one containment element, one or more alignment elements, one or more contact elements, at least one grounding connection element, at least one grounding element, and optionally at least one movement element. Additionally, a corresponding apparatus is provided.

Abstract: A hyphae inhibition apparatus irradiates an organism having hyphae with light to inhibit growth of the hyphae. The hyphae inhibition apparatus includes a first light source generator, including at least one of a violet light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 380 nm to 410 nm, inclusive, or a UVB light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 280 nm to below 350 nm. The hyphae inhibition apparatus also includes a second light source generator, including at least one of a blue light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from at least 350 nm to below 380 nm or a UVA light source that emits light having a peak wavelength in a range of from 415 nm to 480 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: An irradiation apparatus configured to be coupled to an irradiation chamber containing a material to be irradiated, comprising: a support structure; one or more radiation sources coupled to the support structure; and a heat exchange mechanism thermally coupled to the one or more radiation sources. The heat exchange mechanism comprises one or more of a thermoelectric cooling device, a vapor chamber, a heatsink, a heat dissipation structure, a fan, and a cooling coating. The one or more radiation sources comprise one or more UV radiation sources, one or more UV-C radiation sources, one or more visible radiation sources, or a combination thereof. Optionally, the one or more radiation sources comprise a plurality of radiation sources arranged in an array. Optionally, the one or more radiation sources deliver a combination of wavelengths to the material to be irradiated.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electromagnetic ionic liquid, which consists of ammonia water, diluent, EWT electronic water and macromolecular complex. The four components are mixed evenly at normal temperature and pressure in a certain proportion to prepare the electromagnetic ionic liquid. The electromagnetic ionic liquid can be used for extracting struvite from seawater, salt water or brine, which improves quality of the struvite, facilitates its industrial production and improves yield of struvite products. In addition, with the electromagnetic ionic liquid, elements required for crop growth and dozens of types of trace elements can be captured in the precipitate, which has great social and economic value for mass production, popularization and application of the struvite.

Abstract: A method and a device for treating poultry eggs with an electron beam bundle to sterilize the calcareous shell are disclosed. The method includes moving at least one egg through the beam path of an electron beam source; irradiating the eggs, whereby the calcareous shell is irradiated with a varying dose; and either carrying out an irradiation encompassing all regions of the calcareous shell of the egg by employing the electron beam bundle, whereby an element is inserted into the path of the electron beam bundle; carrying out an irradiation of a rolling/rolled egg by employing the electron beam source in the path of the electron beam bundle; or carrying out an irradiation of the held eggs by employing the electron beam source in the electron beam bundle path at a zero degree position of one side in a device arranged upstream of a turning device.

Abstract: An induction oven for the sterilization of equipment is disclosed. The invention effectively reduces sterilization cycle times from 90 minutes to less than 30 minutes using dry heat. In addition to increased efficiency, the dry heat also avoids pitting and other forms of degradation of the materials being sterilized. The oven can be configured by the user to generate a resonance of a particular frequency to target the specific type of metal or other induction material being heated. Target induction materials include cast iron, stainless steel, brass, and graphite, for example. The oven includes a coil that generates the time-varying electromagnetic field using a two-dimensional spiral having a rectangular pattern. The spiral coil is formed on a printed circuit board. The oven is configured to receive a container for heating articles. The container includes a bin, e.g., aluminum, and transparent lid with a gasket therebetween to produce an airtight seal.

Abstract: A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Abstract: A filter medium comprising a first conductive fibrous substrate, a second conductive fibrous substrate spaced apart from the first conductive substrate and a third insulation substrate fitted between the first and the second substrates for electrically separating the first conductive substrate from the second conductive substrate. The first conductive fibrous substrate comprises a first layer with first fibers having a first average diameter; a second layer with second fibers having a second average diameter; and a third layer with third fibers having a third average diameter. The second layer comprises activated carbon in an amount sufficient to render the first fibrous substrate conductive. The present medium can be used in electrified filters for cabin air filtration for passenger cars and other vehicles. It can also be used for HVAC filtration for indoor air, and in portable air purification units and even in vacuum cleaners.

Abstract: Provided are implantable, injectable and/or surface mounted biomedical devices and related methods for interfacing with a target tissue. The devices have a substrate, one or more microfluidic channels embedded in or supported by the substrate and a fluid actuator in operational communication with one or more reservoirs and responsive to a wireless control signal. The components of the device are specially configured and packaged to be ultra-thin and mechanically compliant. In some embodiments, the devices are self-powered and fully implantable. The devices can be shaped to provide injection in a minimally invasive manner, thereby avoiding unnecessary tissue damage and providing a platform for long-term implantation for interfacing with biological tissue.

Abstract: A method for reducing a population size of a colony of magnetosensitive insects includes placing wire loop near a nest sheltering the colony, driving the wire loop with an electrical current sufficient to produce a transmitted magnetic field stronger than the earth's natural magnetic field, exposing eggs and pupae from the colony to the transmitted magnetic field, and maintaining exposure of the colony to the transmitted magnetic field until the population size of the colony decreases.

Abstract: A lighting device configured to deactivate dangerous pathogens (e.g., MRSA bacteria) in an environment. The lighting device includes at least one lighting element with a single light source configured to provide light. At least a first component of the light comprising light having a wavelength of about 405 nm, and at least a second component of the light comprising light having a wavelength of greater than 420 nm. The first component of light has a minimum integrated irradiance of 0.01 mW/cm2 measured from any unshielded point in the environment that is 1.5 m from any point on any external-most luminous surface of the lighting device.

Abstract: A system and methods for sterilizing or disinfecting articles, particularly the hollow internal areas of medical instruments are disclosed. The system includes a plasma generator having an electrode, a shield, and a dielectric gap between the electrode and the shield. A source of electrical power is connected to the plasma generator for applying an electron energy density between the electrode and the shield. A source of gas comprising water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen provides a flow of gas between the electrode and the shield, to form a plasma containing acidic and/or oxidizing species. In the exemplary system, the temperature at the shield's surface is <150° C. when the electron energy density is >0.05 eV/molecule of the gas. Also disclosed is a method for disinfecting an article contaminated with a bio-film or spores, by exposing the contaminated article to the plasma for an exposure time sufficient to achieve at least 2-log10 reduction in colony forming units.

Abstract: An injectable aqueous implant formulation, and processes for making and using the formulation, wherein the injectable aqueous implant formulation has been sterilized by gamma-ray or X-ray-irradiation and can be extruded through a tapering system and an 18 gauge (0.838 mm inner diameter) 25.4 mm long cannula with a force not exceeding 60 N, which comprises 25-45 w/w % of a mixture of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite particles derived from natural bone having a size of 50 to 200 ?m as determined by sieving and fragments of naturally crosslinked fibrous collagen material that pass through a 0.5 mm sieve, whereby the w/w ratio of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite to collagen is from 1.8 to 4.5, which contains at least 0.05% (w/w) ascorbic acid.

Abstract: A portable light fastening assembly for use with the human interface of an electronic device includes a lamp housing and an adjustable attachment device extending from the lamp housing. An ultra-violet (UV) light source is at least partially enclosed in the lamp housing such that the adjustable attachment device includes an engagement member and a receptacle housing such that the engagement member can be removably fastened within the receptacle housing for holding the lamp housing in a fixed position.

Abstract: The present invention in an embodiment relates generally to an air purifier having an ultraviolet wave chamber which is accessible from the exterior designed for the placement of masks/respirators in need of decontamination. Such device preferably makes use of filters comprising copper foam.

Abstract: A Sterilization Unit includes: a UV-C radiation source configured to emit UV-C radiation; and a room partition selectably configurable between two or more different partition geometries and configured, in each of the two or more different partition geometries, to (a) physically separate floor space of a room into sterilization target area and a non-target area, and (b) direct the UV-C radiation to the target area from at least two different directions while shielding the non-target area from the UV-C radiation.

Abstract: Optical tomography arrangements are disclosed for performing optical tomography on the transparent or translucent contents of individual microplate wells comprising a light emitting array having a plurality of light emitting elements, a sample module, and a light sensing array including a plurality of light sensing elements, wherein the light sensing array is configured to sense light emitted from the light emitting array which has passed through the sample module. The light emitting elements can comprise light emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light emitting transistors (OLETs), and/or other optoelectronic devices. The light sensing array can comprise organic light sensing devices, photodiodes, phototransistors, CMOS photodetectors, or charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The light emitting array can be flat or curved, and the light sensing array can be flat or curved.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, includes (i) a camera having a field of vision including, in use, a portion of a vehicle to be cleaned, (ii) a liquid container comprising waterless carwash liquid, (iii) a liquid dispenser operable to cause the waterless carwash liquid comprised in the liquid container to be dispensed from the liquid container, (iv) a cleaning implement, and (v) a controller communicatively coupled to the camera, the liquid dispenser and the cleaning implement. The controller is operable (a) to cause the liquid dispenser to dispense the waterless carwash liquid from the liquid container onto the portion of the vehicle to be cleaned and (b) to control the cleaning implement to clean the portion of the vehicle to be cleaned.

Abstract: A sterilizing device for sterilizing closures for closing containers has vertically-oriented closure receivers arranged around a circumference of said rotor that moves said closures through a treatment zone between a closure inlet and outlet. One of the closure receivers is provided with said actuating device that at least partially engages the housing for applying, using the actuator, an actuation movement to a closure in said closure receiver. The actuator is movably connected to the opening via a bellows.

Abstract: A device for dynamic signal generation and analysis, which combines an arbitrary waveform generator AWG (3) with a digital signal analysis unit DSAU (23). The two units are interfaced by means of a synchronization unit SU (30), which enables a flexible scheme for controlling how the playback of the waveforms is started as well as synchronizing the recording of the results of the digital signal analysis unit synchronously to specific generated waveforms. The various units of the device are synchronous circuits clocked by a common system clock signal. At least one common numerically controlled oscillator NCO (40) is provided for the arbitrary waveform generator AWG (3) and the digital signal analysis unit DSAU (23).

Abstract: A massage apparatus includes a massage system, a scent-emitting module, and a microcontroller respectively connected with the massage system and the scent delivery module, the microcontroller being operable to activate the massage system to apply a massage action and to activate the scent-emitting module to emit an aromatic scent.

Abstract: A method of measuring a quantity of moisture in an electrode includes at least three steps as follows: disposing an electrode, which is a measurement target sample, inside a container provided with a gas introduction pipe and a gas discharge pipe; heating the electrode by supplying inert gas heated to a predetermined temperature in advance to the inside of the container through the gas introduction pipe, and vaporizing moisture adsorbed to the electrode; and collecting the moisture vaporized from the electrode, together with the inert gas through the gas discharge pipe and determining the quantity of the collected moisture. In addition, a moisture quantity measuring apparatus includes a container that has a gas introduction pipe and a gas discharge pipe, a heating unit, and a moisture quantity measuring unit that collects moisture vaporized from a sample, through the gas discharge pipe and determines the quantity of collected moisture.

Abstract: A refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sterilizing device, wherein the sterilizing device includes a light source assembly which emits visible rays, and a photocatalytic filter which reacts with the visible rays, and the light source assembly is disposed to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a horizontal line equally dividing the photocatalytic filter in a case.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sterilization methods and systems that may be used within numerous contexts, such as health-care and manufacturing facilities.

Abstract: Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described.

Abstract: A cleanliness indication system and a method that indicate that a surface of a component is clean. The cleanliness indication system and method include a photoluminescent indicator that is configured to be on the surface of the component. The photoluminescent indicator is configured to be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light during a UV light sanitizing cycle. The photoluminescent indicator emits light due to exposure to the UV light. The photoluminescent indicator indicates that the surface of the component is clean by emitting the light due to exposure to the UV light.

Abstract: An anti-microbial formulation for seed and crop application includes about 170 ppm hypochlorous acid; about 25 ppm hypochlorite ion; about 2.5 ppm ozone; about 2.5 ppm chlorine dioxide; between about 10 ppm and about 100,000 ppm alkyl polyglycoside; and a remainder of water. A method of manipulating the pH of the formulation and a method of treating seeds and crops with the formulation to restrict or eliminate microbial growth and proliferation is also described herein.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing an object with atomic nitrogen from a nitrogen plasma includes the steps of placing the object in a sterilization chamber and a sterilization half-cycle for sterilizing the object present in the chamber. The sterilization half-cycle comprises an alternation between stages of injecting atomic nitrogen into the chamber and of intermediate stages, each intermediate stage including at least one suction stage during which the chamber is evacuated.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a medical therapeutic apparatus (100) which generates plasma and blows out an reactive gas generated by the generated plasma toward a target object from an outlet, wherein a temperature of the reactive gas at a target surface positioned at a distance of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the outlet is 40° C. or less, and a radical concentration is 0.1 to 300 ?mol/L as determined by a hydroxy radical concentration measuring method comprising applying the reactive gas to 0.4 mL of a 0.2 mol/L solution of DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) for 30 seconds with a distance from the outlet to a liquid surface of the solution being 5.0 mm, and measuring a hydroxyl radical concentration of the resulting solution by electron spin resonance (ESR) method.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of disinfecting a fluid comprising at least one live microbial organism. The method includes contacting the fluid comprising the at least one microbial organism with an effective amount of a photo-catalyst while exposing the fluid and the photo-catalyst to light from at least one light source with a wavelength of about 300-550 nm to reduce the number of the at least one live microbial organism to a predetermined level. The photo-catalyst comprises tungsten trioxide nanoparticles doped with palladium nanoparticles, and the palladium nanoparticles are present in an amount of about 0.1-5% of the total weight of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and the palladium nanoparticles.

Abstract: A plasma liquid generating device includes a tube, a plasma generating module, a flow limiting unit, and a position limiting member. The tube has at least an air inlet and a flow channel outlet. The plasma generating module is disposed adjacent to the air inlet and configured to generate plasma. The flow limiting unit is detachably disposed in the tube, and a distance between the flow limiting unit and the flow channel outlet is greater than a distance between the air inlet and the flow channel outlet. The position limiting member is detachably disposed at the flow channel outlet to limit the position of the flow limiting unit.

Abstract: A system and method for light stimulation within a medium. Products, compositions, systems, and methods for modifying a target structure which mediates or is associated with a biological activity, including treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by or associated with a target structure, such as a virus, cell, subcellular structure or extracellular structure. The methods may be performed in situ in a non-invasive manner by application of an initiation energy to a subject thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure directly or via a modulation agent. The methods may further be performed by application of an initiation energy to a subject in situ to activate a pharmaceutical agent directly or via an energy modulation agent, thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure. Kits containing products or compositions formulated or configured and systems for use in practicing these methods.

Abstract: A lighting system including a power source, a driver, a high intensity narrow spectrum light, an indicator, and a controller. The driver is configured to receive a main power from the power source and provide a drive signal. The high intensity narrow spectrum light is configured to receive the drive signal and illuminate. The indicator is configured to provide an indication. The controller is configured to monitor operation of the high intensity narrow spectrum light and control the indicator based on the operation of the high intensity narrow spectrum light.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are described for use of an ultraviolet (UV) light source, such as in a cleaning device, in which ozone creation due to reaction of the UV light with oxygen in the air is reduced. An example method includes dispersing, by a gas outlet, oxygen-depleted gas over a UV light source, and directing UV light from the UV light source to pass through the oxygen-depleted gas onto an area. An example apparatus includes a UV light source to direct UV light onto an area, and a gas outlet to disperse oxygen-depleted gas over the UV light source, such that the UV light passes through the oxygen-depleted gas onto the area.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object the provision of an ozone generator that can generate ozone with high efficiency. The ozone generator of the present invention includes: source gas supply means for supplying a source gas containing oxygen; a gas flow channel forming member for forming a gas flow channel through which the source gas from the source gas supply means flows; and an ultraviolet light source for emitting ultraviolet light, the ultraviolet light source being disposed in the gas flow channel. The ozone generator irradiates the source gas flowing through the gas flow channel with the ultraviolet light from the ultraviolet light source to cause the oxygen in the source gas to absorb the ultraviolet light and thereby generate ozone. The ultraviolet light source comprises an excimer lamp for emitting ultraviolet light with a wavelength of not more than 200 nm. A flow rate of the source gas in a region where the ultraviolet light source is disposed in the gas flow channel is not lower than 0.1 m/s.

Abstract: A system capable of detecting and/or sterilizing surface(s) of an object using ultraviolet radiation is provided. The system can include a disinfection chamber and/or handheld ultraviolet unit, which includes ultraviolet sources for inducing fluorescence in a contaminant and/or sterilizing a surface of an object. The object can comprise a protective suit, which is worn by a user and also can include ultraviolet sources for disinfecting air prior to the air entering the protective suit. The system can be implemented as a multi-tiered system for protecting the user and others from exposure to the contaminant and sterilizing the protective suit after exposure to an environment including the contaminant.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of disinfecting a fluid comprising at least one live microbial organism. The method includes contacting the fluid comprising the at least one microbial organism with an effective amount of a photo-catalyst while exposing the fluid and the photo-catalyst to light from at least one light source with a wavelength of about 300-550 nm to reduce the number of the at least one live microbial organism to a predetermined level. The photo-catalyst comprises tungsten trioxide nanoparticles doped with palladium nanoparticles, and the palladium nanoparticles are present in an amount of about 0.1-5% of the total weight of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and the palladium nanoparticles.