Abstract: An apparatus and method for loading particulate material in a vertical tube comprising at least one impact-absorbing module, a central axis and a sustaining wire to position the apparatus suspended in the interior of the tube in such a way as to allow loading and uniform distribution of all the material loaded in the tube and the method of loading that uses the apparatus is also described.

Abstract: A process for introducing a catalyst powder into a polymerization reactor comprising: a) metering the catalyst powder by means of a rotary valve comprising a stator, a rotor and sealing means arranged between said stator and said rotor; b) transferring a metered amount of catalyst powder from said rotary valve to a polymerization reactor; the process further comprising the steps of: c) feeding a flushing compound in one or more internal conduits arranged in the rotor of said rotary valve; d) flushing the catalyst powder away from said sealing means.

Abstract: A particulate material processing apparatus has a vessel and a processing tank. The vessel has a charging port for charging a particulate material into the vessel. The processing tank receives the particulate material charged from the charging port. The processing tank is shaped so as to narrow towards the bottom. At least the lower part of the processing tank is made of a gas-permeable material that allows the process gas for processing the particulate material to pass through. The upper part of the processing tank has lower gas permeability than the lower part of the processing tank.

Abstract: A method to prevent build-up of limestone in a slaker that is used for batchwise slaking of burnt lime is described, in which lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, where for immediate cleansing of the slaker before next slaking, after said calibration of the load cell aggregate, a number of valves are opened for given time periods for addition of flushing water to respective nozzles, in that flushing water is supplied sequentially via each valve to associated nozzle(s), until a predetermined amount of flushing water is reached in the slaker.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a system includes a posimetric pump configured to increase pressure of a feedstock to provide a pressurized feedstock. The system also includes a fixed bed gasifier configured to gasify the pressurized feedstock, wherein the fixed bed gasifier comprises an enclosure, a feedstock inlet configured to receive the pressurized feedstock, at least one agent inlet configured to receive at least one gasification agent, a syngas outlet configured to output a syngas, an ash outlet configured to output ash, and a fixed bed configured to support the pressurized feedstock while allowing flow of the at least one gasification agent through the pressurized feedstock.

Abstract: A method for producing a spinning solution for producing a polymer fiber, particularly a p-aramid fiber, the polymer being blended with a solvent, mixed, melted, homogenized, and degassed and then discharged, liquid sulfuric acid being used as the solvent and at least the mixing, homogenization, and degassing taking place in a preferably continuously operated single or double cell reactor (1).

Abstract: The invention is relates to a method and a system for producing synthetic gas from biomass by high temperature gasification, including: feeding raw material, carbonizing, pulverizing the charcoal, and transporting charcoal powder to the gasification furnace for gasification. A heat source for the carbonizing is achieved by a direct combustion reaction between external combustible gas and external oxygen in a carbonization furnace. The heat emitted from the reaction being directly provided to the necessary heat of biomass pyrolysis, and yielding pyrolysis gas and charcoal from carbonization furnace. The temperature of carbonization furnace is controlled at between 400° C. and 600° C. by adjusting the amount of oxygen. The temperature of a burner nozzle of the carbonization furnace is controlled at between 1200° C. and 1800° C. by adjusting the input amount of the external combustible gas at between more than 1 and less than 5 times that required for a complete combustion with the external oxygen.

Abstract: Catalyst withdrawal apparatuses and methods for regulating catalyst inventory in one or more units are provided. In one embodiment, a catalyst withdrawal apparatus for removing catalyst from a FCC unit includes a vessel coupled to a flow control circuit. Another embodiment of a catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel, a delivery line, and control valve. The control valve is configured to control the amount of gas to the delivery line and entrained with the catalyst. Another embodiment of catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel coupled to a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a first conduit; a housing confining a coolant volume around a portion of the first conduit; and a sliding seal sealing the housing to the first conduit in manner that allows longitudinal expansion. A fluid catalyst cracking system coupled to a catalyst withdrawal apparatus and method for withdrawing catalyst from a unit are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion reactor for nanopowders, a synthesis apparatus for nanopowders using the combustion reactor, and a method of controlling the synthesis apparatus. The combustion reactor for nanopowders comprises an oxidized gas supply nozzle connected to an oxidized gas tube; a gas supply unit supplying a fuel gas and a precursor gas; and a reaction nozzle forming concentricity on an inner wall of the oxidized gas supply nozzle to be connected to the gas supply unit and having an inlet opening for supplying an oxidized gas disposed at a region adjacent to a jet orifice for spraying flames.

Abstract: A pulverized coal/coke (PC) boiler combusts carbon-based fuel with substantially pure oxygen and a flue gas recirculation stream (containing predominately carbon dioxide) at varied ratios to achieve a desired boiler temperature profile while producing captured sulfur, a high purity captured CO2 and electric power. The boiler includes at least one of (a) a mechanism for admixing a pulverized solid carbon-based fuel with an alkali metal salt and (b) injecting alkali metal salt into the boiler combustion zone containing a pulverized solid carbon-based fuel.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention combine a suitable photocatalyst with a non-conducting matrix such as plastic or rubber for the purpose of the production of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of light of a suitable frequency or frequencies and oxygenated, acidic water. A suitable photocatalyst such as Anatase titanium dioxide is combined at low temperature (>˜700 F) with a plastic such as polypropylene as one would a pigment. The impregnated plastic can be immersed in water to about an inch whereupon the excess hydrogen ion in the water combines with dissolved oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide upon irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide is a excellent oxidizer and disinfectant and purifier and goes on to kill bacteria, algae, etc. in the water, as well as to precipitate hardness. Unused hydrogen peroxide breaks down into hydrogen ion and free oxygen in a short time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and hydrolysis tank for enzymatic hydrolysis of raw materials containing collagen and proteins to produce the three layers: a top layer containing fat, a mid-layer comprising water soluble constituents and denatured collagen, and a non-soluble bottom layer comprising bones and non-soluble proteins. These layers are separated and the second layer is further separated by cooling for a time period sufficient to form two layers: a bottom layer containing partially or wholly set collagen, and a liquid top layer containing the remaining water soluble proteins which are removed. The other is heated until it becomes liquid. The hydrolysis tank comprises a turnable stirring mechanism, a device for heat exchange and a reversible screw that is arranged in the bottom of the tank. A clearing sump for separation of collagen, includes an inlet for supply of hydrolysate.

Abstract: A method to wash and remove dissolved solids from biomass including: discharging a biomass slurry from a pretreatment vessel to a biomass slurry retention device; adding recovered wash liquid to dilute the biomass slurry in the retention device, wherein the recovered wash liquid is extracted from a drainer device upstream of the first retention device; discharging the diluted biomass slurry from the retention device to the drainer device; separating wash liquid with dissolved solids from the diluted biomass slurry in the drainer device and discharging a concentrated biomass slurry from the drainer device, and recovering the wash liquid from the diluted biomass slurry in the drainer device and transferring the recovered wash liquid to the retention device.

Abstract: A process of producing magnetite with a high purity of greater than 90% magnetite, more typically greater than 98% magnetite, by reducing powdered hematite into magnetite under maximum temperatures of about 700 to 1300° C. against a counter-current of or concurrent with methane or natural gas in a heating device. The amount of methane used to reduce the hematite may be about 0.18 and 1.8 standard cubic feet of methane per pound of hematite. A product of high purity methane produced from the process is also provided, where the magnetite is below 1 ?M in diameter and has a magnetic saturation greater than 90.0 emu/g. Corresponding apparatus using an improved feeder system for powdered hematite is provided.

Abstract: A gas hydrate production apparatus capable of reacting a raw gas with a raw water to thereby form a slurry gas hydrate and capable of removing water from the slurry gas hydrate by means of a gravitational dewatering unit. This gravitational dewatering unit is one including a cylindrical first tower body; a cylindrical dewatering part disposed on top of the first tower body; a water receiving part disposed outside the dewatering part; and a cylindrical second tower body disposed on top of the dewatering part, wherein the cross-sectional area of the second tower body is continuously or intermittently increased upward from the bottom.

Abstract: This apparatus for producing trichlorosilane includes: a vessel having a gas inlet that introduces a feed gas into the vessel and a gas outlet that discharges a reaction product gas to the outside; a plurality of silicon core rods provided inside the vessel; and a heating mechanism that heats the silicon core rods, wherein a feed gas containing silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen is reacted to produce a reaction product gas containing trichlorosilane and hydrogen chloride. The silicon core rods may be disposed so as to stand upright on the bottom of the vessel, and the heating mechanism may have electrode portions that hold the lower end portions of the silicon core rods on the bottom of the vessel and a power supply that applies an electric current to the silicon core rods through the electrode portions to heat the silicon core rods.

Abstract: A non-densified feedstock is fed into a modified countercurrent gasifier, and syngas and char are produced from an upper portion of the gasifier. In the preferred embodiment, propane gas is injected into a lower portion of the gasifier as unconsolidated straw feedstock is metered into a gasifier feedstock inlet. The feedstock is converted into syngas and char in a combustion section of the gasifier. A portion of the syngas and char is recycled within the gasifier. After the syngas and char flow out of a gasifier production outlet, the char is separated from the syngas in a cyclone separator. The syngas is used to produce power at the facility where the syngas is produced.

Abstract: The invent on relates to a device for producing starting materials, combustible suhstances and fuels from organic substances. Said device comprises a reactor (10) that comprises a feeding device (11) for the organic substances, a discharge device (12) tor the reaction products, and a device (13) for supplying reaction energy for the transformation of organic substances into the reaction products. The invention is characterised in that the reactor (10) comprises a device (14) for forming a circulating now inside the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus of a polycarbonate resin having polymerization tanks is provided. In supplying a molten reactant to a liquid phase in a polymerization tank, or supplying the molten reactant to a gas phase in the polymerization tank by an insertion pipe, in at least one polymerization tank, and/or producing a polycarbonate resin by an ester exchange reaction between an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic diester by using three vertical polymerization tanks and one horizontal polymerization tank, a wall surface temperature T of a distillation pipe is set higher than a boiling point t1 of by-produced phenol such that the relationship of the boiling point t1 of the by-produced phenol under a pressure in at least a third vertical polymerization tank, the wall surface temperature T of the distillation pipe and an inner temperature t2 of the third vertical polymerization tank satisfies t1<T?t2.

Abstract: A particulate material processing apparatus has a vessel, a processing tank, and a dispersing member. The vessel has a charging port for charging a particulate material into the vessel. The processing tank receives the particulate material charged from the charging port. The processing tank is shaped so as to narrow towards the bottom. At least the lower part of the processing tank is made of a gas-permeable material that allows the process gas for processing the particulate material to pass through. The dispersing member is disposed below the charging port. The dispersing member disperses and flattens the particulate material on the processing tank.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes, that is provided with a reaction chamber and a dispersion plate. The dispersion plate is provided with a plate and a gas guiding portion provided on an edge of the plate, and a catalyst supply hole is defined in the central portion of the plate, through which metal catalysts are supplied. The gas guiding portion guides source gas to the central portion of the plate and suspends the metal catalysts discharged from the catalyst supply hole in a specific direction. Thus, the apparatus for producing carbon nanotubes can prevent loss of metal catalysts and improve space utilization.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous high temperature gas treatment of particulate matter including a starting material supply port (1) through which starting particulate matter is supplied from an upper part of the apparatus; a treatment gas supply port (2) through which a treating gas is supplied; a product discharge port (3) through which a product after treatment is discharged from a lower part of the apparatus; a treatment chamber (4) in which the particulate matter is treated with the treatment gas; a gas-solid separation chamber (5) provided in fluid communication with an upper part of the treatment chamber (4); and a cooling chamber (6) provided in fluid communication with a lower part of the treatment chamber (4). A heater (7) is provided on the outer periphery of the upper part of the treatment chamber (4), and a cooler (8) is provided on the outer periphery of the cooling chamber (6).

Abstract: In an apparatus and method of generating a carbon nanotube (CNT), a process chamber is heated to a target temperature and a catalyst powder is supplied into the heated process chamber. The catalyst powder moves in a first direction in the process chamber. A source gas is supplied into the process chamber in a second direction opposite to the first direction, so that the source gas delays the movement of the catalyst powder in the first direction and is reacted with the catalyst powder in the process chamber to thereby produce the CNT in the process chamber. Accordingly, the flow of the source gas against the flow of the catalyst powder reduces the drop velocity of the catalyst powder. Therefore, the source gas and the catalyst powder may be reacted with each other for a sufficiently long time.

Abstract: A process for cracking a hydrocarbon feed in a reactor assembly comprising: a reactor vessel; a solid catalyst inlet by which catalyst is introduced and a solid catalyst outlet by which catalyst is removed from the reactor vessel; a plurality of feed nozzles by which feed is introduced at the bottom of the vessel; a product outlet for removing a product mixture of gas and solid catalyst at the upper part of the reactor; at least one partition plate, that divides the interior of the reactor vessel into two or more compartments, wherein the partition plate intersects the solid catalyst inlet.

Abstract: A system (100) for calcining natural gypsum, synthetic gypsum (112) or a combination thereof, the system including: a mill (114) for grinding and drying natural gypsum, synthetic gypsum (112) or a combination thereof, to produce dried gypsum (116); a flash calciner (118) for calcining the dried gypsum to produce an exhaust gas (130) and calcined gypsum (128); and a mechanism (134) for transporting at least a portion of the exhaust gas (130) produced by the flash calciner (118) to an air heater (126) that supplies hot gas (126a) to the flash calciner (118).

Abstract: A charging device for a tube reactor has a plurality of metering chambers which can be filled with filling material, for example a catalytically coated carrier material. Each metering chamber is adjoined by a drop tube or some other filling device via which a tube of the filling device can be filled in each case. The metering chambers can each be filled via antechambers which are combined into one replaceable antechamber unit.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, computer programs and computing devices related to biologically assembling and/or synthesizing peptides and/or proteins are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for loading catalyst to a fluid catalyst cracking unit are provided. In one embodiment, apparatus for loading catalyst to a fluid catalyst cracking unit includes a vessel disposed in a transportable housing. A plurality of catalyst storage regions are associated with the vessel. A metering device is interfaced with the vessel and configured to provide a metric indicative of an amount of catalyst provided from a selected one of the catalyst storage regions.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for preparing resorbable polyesters by bulk polymerization, wherein the reaction components are melted and homogenized in a reactor, the reaction mixture is then transferred into a polymerization reactor having a lumen defined by a reaction wall, wherein said reactor wall comprises at least two components which are releasably fitted to each other and wherein the shortest distance of any point within said lumen to the reaction wall is less than 8 cm, the reaction mixture is polymerized and the resulting polymer is removed from the polymerization reactor by releasing the components of the reactor wall exposing the resulting polymer lengthwise. The invention further relates to a polymerization reactor having a lumen defined by a reaction wall for performing said process.

Abstract: A system and device for preparing polyurea compounds. The system comprising a chamber for reacting amines and isocyanates in the presence of a liquid diluent in a high-pressure impingement mixing device under conditions sufficient to produce a polyurea compound having the consistency of a powder and in which diluent is dispersed.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for processing [18F]-fluoride target water using a solid-support bound Cryptand of formula (I) and to apparatus for performing such methods. The resultant [18F]-fluoride is useful for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals by nucleophilic fluorination, specifically for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET).

Abstract: The reactor pump for hydrolytic splitting of cellulose is configured to pump cellulose, under high pressure, with low availability of sugar into a reactor. The reactor has an upstream transition segment connected to a downstream reaction chamber. The transition segment has an inlet that is smaller than the outlet. The inner walls taper outward. The chamber has an inlet that is larger than the discharge outlet. The inner walls taper inward. The transition segment outlet has an area that is substantially the same as the area of the chamber inlet. Back pressure in the chamber forms a cellulose plug within the inlet of the transition segment. The plug stops cellulose from escaping out the inlet. High pressure pumping forms a cellulose plug within the discharge outlet of the chamber. The plug slows downstream movement of the cooking cellulose giving the cellulose time to cook. Cooking cellulose begins to breakdown under heat and the injection of acid, if required.

Abstract: An addition apparatus, a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system having an addition apparatus, and a method for adding material to an FCC unit are provided. In one embodiment, an addition system having the capability of interfacing with a material container is provided that allows the addition system to obtain information relating material held in the container. In one embodiment, at least some of the information is contained on a tag affixed to the container. Other information may be retrieved and/or sent to the addition system controller from a remote data source, such as a catalyst supplier.

Abstract: A system for forming gas hydrates includes a reactor adapted to receive a hydrate-forming fluid and a reaction fluid and react the hydrate-forming and reaction fluids within a reverse micellar solution to form gas hydrate particles; and a gas hydrate removal system coupled to the reactor, the gas hydrate removal system adapted to receive the gas hydrate particles within the reverse micellar solution and transport the gas hydrate particles away from the reactor. The gas hydrate removal system is adapted to transport gas hydrate particles away from the reactor concurrently with the formation of gas hydrate particles within the reactor.

Abstract: A charging device for a tubular reactor has metering chambers which can be filled with filling material, such as, for example, catalytically coated carrier material, it being possible for a respective tube of the tubular reactor to be filled via a feed device which adjoins the metering chamber. The metering chamber has a sloping surface and an opposing surface for supporting the filling material, which run at an angle to one another.

Abstract: A method of discharging polymer from a continuously operated polymerization reactor, wherein at least a monomer is polymerized to form polymer particles, the method comprising adjusting the discharge rate of the polymer particles by means of a piston valve having a piston element connected to an actuator, said actuator being able to modulate the piston stroke inside said piston valve.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a production method of a high molecular weight aromatic polycarbonate containing a reduced amount of a high melting point product, and having less thermal history received and excellent hue by a melt process. The present invention relates to a production method of an aromatic polycarbonate, characterized in that in producing an aromatic polycarbonate using an aromatic dihydroxy compound and a carbonic diester as raw materials and using plural reactors, a molten reactant temperature T1 (° C.) in at least one reactor A and a molten reactant temperature T2 (° C.) in a reactor B subsequent to the reactor A are satisfied with the relationship of T2<T1, and an evaporation surface area per unit treatment amount of a molten reactant in the reactor to which a molten reactant having a limiting viscosity of 0.1 dl/g or more is supplied is 1.0 m2·hr/m3 or more.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor configured for reduced backflow of fluid is provided. The fluidized bed reactor comprises a vessel configured to contain a level of fluid, a feed conduit positioned to deliver feed into the vessel from an elevation above the level of fluid and a vacuum relief valve coupled to said feed conduit to introduce gas into the feed conduit.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a gasifier solids removal system are provided. The system includes a down flow combustor including an inlet and an outlet and a combustion zone extending therebetween, the combustor configured to direct a flow of process material including syngas, flowable slag, and particulates in a first downward direction, a plurality of flow passages in serial flow communication including a first flow passage and a second flow passage, wherein the process material flow reverses direction flowing from the first passage to the second passage, and a plurality of entrainment separation stages in serial flow communication with at least one of the plurality of flow passages.

Abstract: A solution is to be created, with a method and a device for generating hydrogen, in which silicon and/or an alloy that contains silicon is reacted in a reaction vessel (1), with an alkaline solution as a catalyst, so that the process, after starting, runs continuously and catalytically in the presence of silicon dioxide as a nucleating agent, without further addition of lye and without using higher pressures and temperatures (hydrothermal conditions). This is achieved in that the alkaline solution is used in a strongly sub-stoichiometric amount with reference to the entire reaction, whereby the silicon dioxide that is formed is precipitated onto crystallization nuclei.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for separating minerals from mineral feedstock—for example bitumen from tar sand. The apparatus includes residence chambers for contacting solvent and tar sand. The solvent-tar sand contact occurs in at least two stages. The drained miscella from the first stage is sent to a flashing module to separate the miscella into recovered solvent, a bitumen stream, and a volatile hydrocarbons stream. Solvent is recycled from the final stage and reused in the residence chambers. An energy recovery module recovers the energy from the volatile hydrocarbons stream. A solvent stripper removes the solvent residue from the drained tar sand to create a cleaned sand stream, and the solvent stripper recycles the solvent vapors to energize and assist the separation process. The apparatus enables a water-free, energy efficient, and nearly complete recovery of bitumen from tar sand.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for providing a flow of particulate matter such as a catalyst to a reactor, comprising intermittently adding said particulate matter and a diluent to a mixing tank, and continuously withdrawing a slurry of particulate matter in diluent from the mixing tank for introduction into the reactor, wherein prior to each addition of particulate matter and diluent to the mixing tank, the concentration of particulate matter in the diluent already in the mixing tank is measured or calculated, and the amount of particulate matter and diluent subsequently added is measured so as to achieve the same concentration at the end of the addition as that measured or calculated prior to the addition. Preferably measurement of the amount of particulate mailer and diluent added to the mixing tank is carried out before any diluent is added to the particulate matter.

Abstract: Use of a high shear mechanical device in a process for production of starch by hydration and disruption of corn kernel particles in the presence of sulfur dioxide or bisulfite ions makes possible a decrease in mass transfer limitations, thereby enhancing starch production. A system for production of starch is also provided in which a high shear mixing device is configured to receive an aqueous corn slurry from a pump that is disposed between the reactor and a gaseous sulfur dioxide inlet of the high shear mixing device. The high shear mixing device is also configured to generate a fine dispersion of sulfur dioxide bubbles and small corn particles in the slurry. A reactor is configured to receive the output from the high shear mixing device and to provide for starch production.

Abstract: Device, system and method for injecting organic matter into a reaction enclosure (2) of a reactor for treatment using a supercritical water oxidation method. The device comprises a body having an inner volume defining a pressurizing capacity (24) in which a mobile assembly (29) is arranged, e.g. a bellows for dividing the inner volume into two variable volume compartments including a compressing capacity compartment (32) and a hydraulic pressurizing capacity compartment (34). The hydraulic pressurizing capacity compartment is preferably connected to the outlet (15) of an aqueous phase liquid/gas separator (14) which separates the liquid and gaseous phases of the effluent leaving the reaction enclosure (2).

Abstract: A self-propagating combustion cyclone reactor includes a reaction chamber delimited by a circumferential wall in which at least one reductant inlet and a plurality of oxidizer inlets are formed in a tangential manner. Reductant and oxidizer are fed, together with inert gas, through the inlets into the chamber in a cyclonic manner to induce self-propagating combustion reaction to generate a product of high purity metal, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, or silicon, semiconductor substance. The reactor serves as a continuous reactor for generation of metal or semiconductor substances of high purity.

Abstract: A method is provided for hydrolyzing polysaccharides in a lignocellulosic feedstock to produce monosaccharides or pretreating a lignocellulosic feedstock, in which an aqueous slurry of the lignocellulosic feedstock is fed into a pressurized dewatering zone wherein the feedstock is partially dewatered and then is compressed into a plug. The plug is introduced into a reaction zone that operates at a pressure (Pr) equal to greater than about 90 psia and under suitable temperature and pH conditions to hydrolyze the polysaccharides or pretreat the feedstock. The plug provides a pressure seal between the outlet of the dewatering zone and the reaction zone. The pressure (Pdwi) of the aqueous slurry of the lignocellulosic feedstock at the inlet of the dewatering device is related to Pr as follows: 0??P<the lesser of [(Pr?20 psia) and 220 psia], and where ?P is the absolute difference in pressure between Pr and Pdwi in psia.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for converting biomass into syngas using a pressurized multi-stage progressively expanding fluidized bed gasifier to eliminate or reduce the formation of methane, volatiles such as BTX, and tars. The gasifier may include a reactive stage that may receive a biomass feed through a feed line and oxygen through an oxygen feed line. The gasifier may also include a fluidized bed section that may be configured to receive the reaction products from the first stage, mix them and perform fluidized bed activity. A gasifier may also have a disengagement section that may be configured to separate fluidized media and particulate matter from syngas product. A gasification system may also include oxyblown catalytic autothermal reactor and a cryogenic air separation unit.

Abstract: A system for production, storage and dispensation of hydrogen gas from encapsulated metal hydride, the system employing sealed cylinders filled with water and rotatable containers stored with encapsulated metal hydride shells, slider base members with passages and slider paths disposed at the bottom end of the cylinders to receive the encapsulated metal hydride shells from the containers, baffles disposed both inside and outside periphery of the rotatable containers to rotate the containers that regulate and direct the flow of the encapsulated metal hydride shells on to the slider paths, movable hydraulic ramming members with disintegration sites and pistons disposed at the bottom end of the slider paths, to receive the encapsulated metal hydride shells and disintegrate the encapsulated metal hydride shells and disperse the broken shells into the cylinders filled with water, and a control panel disposed to regulate the flow rate and pressure of the generated hydrogen gas.

Abstract: In the apparatus for producing trichlorosilane in which metal silicon powder supplied into the reactor is reacted with hydrogen chloride gas while being fluidized by the gas, thereby taking out trichlorosilane generated by the reaction from the upper part of the reactor, and a plurality of gas flow controlling members are installed at the internal space of the reactor along the vertical direction.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for generating a gas. One or more liquid permeable pouches each define a cavity that contains a solid anhydrous reactant, such as a chemical hydride. A reaction chamber made of a heat, chemical and/or pressure resistant material receives the one or more pouches from a pouch feeder that transfers the one or more pouches into the reaction chamber successively at a feed rate. One or more liquid sources inject a liquid reactant into the reaction chamber so that the liquid reactant contacts a portion of the one or more pouches. The one or more liquid sources inject the liquid reactant at an injection rate that corresponds to the feed rate. A gas outlet releases a gas, such as hydrogen, oxygen, ammonia, borazine, nitrogen, or a hydrocarbon, that is produced by a reaction between the solid reactant and the liquid reactant.