Abstract: The system and method described herein provide for the higher production rate fractionation of biomass for the purpose of selectively separating specific volatile components, which may subsequently be used in the production of a renewable liquid fuel, such as gasoline. Increased production rates of processing of biomass or other feedstock is achieved through the use of sealed reaction chambers, which may be transferred in a sealed configuration between stations in a multi-station processing system. Also, the present invention considers the use of piston assemblies for the dual functions of controlling fluid intake and exhaust (in combination with valves) and for providing a more robust and more cost effective sealing mechanism. The present invention may also achieve improved uniformity of biomass processing through the introduction of a mechanical agitator designed to mix the biomass during processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit board having high density circuit and excellent connection reliability and lamination reliability. A resin fabric cloth (4) is provided by arranging single fibers (4a) or fiber bundles composed of a plurality of single fibers, which single fiber has a linear thermal expansion coefficient smaller than that of silicon, at least in two directions and alternately weaving them. In the board, the resin fabric cloth is covered with a resin portion (5) made of a resin material having a linear thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of silicon.

Abstract: A system (8; 9; 50) is described of walls for catalytic beds of synthesis reactors (1), in which there is a wall (14) in direct contact with a catalytic bed (7) for containing it, said wall (14) having a plurality of portions (17) permeable to the gases and a plurality of portions (19; 54; 55) impermeable to the gases, said portions (17) permeable to the gases being equipped with slits (18; 52, 53; 60; 70) of a size such as to allow the free passage of the synthesis gases through them but not the passage of the catalyst, in which the slits are obtained with milling, water cutting or electro-erosion processing.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing U3O8 powder, the apparatus has an oxidation reactor including an interior space, a scrap box loaded with UO2 sintered pellets to be oxidized and introduced into the interior space of the oxidation reactor, an impact generating unit applying an impact to the scrap box to dissipate heat generated by the oxidation of the UO2 sintered pellets in the oxidation reactor, and a control unit controlling an oxidation process. The apparatus for producing U3O8 powder allows the heat generated by the oxidation of the UO2 sintered pellets in the oxidation reactor to be uniformly dissipated by the impact generating unit, thus producing U3O8 powder having a larger specific surface area which can be used to obtain a sintered UO2 pellet with a larger and more stable grain size of increased quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for reacting a natural oil with a short chain alcohol in the presence of alkaline catalyst, in which a mixture of natural oil, short chain alcohol and alkaline catalyst is fed in one direction along a pipe reactor under transitional or turbulent conditions, so that the reactants are mixed in a direction normal to the flow direction to a greater degree than in a direction parallel to the flow direction or so that the reactants are mixed in a direction normal to the flow direction, such that the time taken for 90% of the elements of fluid to pass through the reactor is within 20% of the mean residence time of reactant in the reactor. There is also provided a ship, comprising means for storing a raw material used in the synthesis of biodiesel, a plant for the synthesis of biodiesel and means for storing the biodiesel synthesized.

Abstract: Upper space on the front surface side of a reaction plate, provided with at least a reaction container causing reaction in a sample and a reagent container containing a reagent used for reaction with the sample, is covered with an airtight cover. A dispensation tip (20) for transporting liquid on the reaction plate is arranged in such a way that the distal end side is located on the inside of the covered space and the proximal portion is located on the outside.

Abstract: Provided are a method for producing sodium tungstate by supplying an oxidant made of sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite to bring a tungsten containing material and the oxidant into contact with each other in an atmosphere containing oxygen to thereby continuously produce a reaction product; a method for collecting tungsten using the method; and an apparatus for producing sodium tungstate. Also provided are a method for producing a sodium tungstate aqueous solution in which a reductant is introduced into a melt containing the above-described reaction product which is then dissolved in water; and a method for collecting tungsten using the method.

Abstract: A system for chemically disposing energetic material enclosed in assembled devices includes a porous basket. The porous basket forms an enclosed chamber for receiving the assembled devices. Further, the basket is supported by a rotatable basket arm that is, in turn, connected to a lifting arm. In addition to these structures, the system includes a tank that holds a hydrolysis solution. The tank is positioned to allow the lifting arm to submerge the basket into the solution. After submersion, the basket arm rotates the basket in the solution to flow the hydrolysis solution into contact with the assembled devices therein. As a result, the assembled devices react with the solution so that the solution penetrates the assembled devices, allowing the solution to contact and react with the energetic material to render the energetic material non-energetic.

Abstract: The Chemical-agent Access and Neutralization System (CANS) of the present invention is a small, portable, single-use, disposable chemical treatment apparatus that is used to access and treat Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS) ampoules, bottles and/or containers that contain vesicant agents, or chemical warfare agents such as mustard or Lewisite. The apparatus and method of use of the present invention provides a resultant treatment residue that remains totally contained in the CANS treatment container and is safe for disposal. The CANS treatment container can be over packed into a Department of Transportation (DOT) certified shipping container, and shipped to permitted hazardous waste management facilities for ultimate disposal.

Abstract: The Chemical-agent Access and Neutralization System (CANS) of the present invention is a small, portable, single-use, disposable chemical treatment apparatus that is used to access and treat Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS) ampoules, bottles and/or containers that contain vesicant agents, or chemical warfare agents such as mustard or Lewisite. The apparatus and method of use of the present invention provides a resultant treatment residue that remains totally contained in the CANS treatment container and is safe for disposal. The CANS treatment container can be over packed into a Department of Transportation (DOT) certified shipping container, and shipped to permitted hazardous waste management facilities for ultimate disposal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus useful for the separation of hazardous and non-hazardous organic and inorganic constituents from various matrices. A method of separating such constituents is also provided.

Abstract: In a first aspect, systems and methods for producing biodiesel fuel include a modular production unit incorporated onto a single platform or into a housing for ease of relocatability. The modular production unit preferably includes a mixing unit, a reactor unit, a separation unit, a distillation unit, and a filtering unit, all incorporated onto or into a self-contained platform or housing that is able to be easily relocated. In a second aspect, the modular production unit is combined with additional fixed and/or relocatable components to provide a biodiesel processing plant. In a third aspect, a raw materials processing system and method includes a roller barrel adapted for recovery, transportation, and introduction of recycled oil feedstock into a biodiesel manufacturing process. The raw materials processing system preferably includes a hot box for filtering and heating the raw recycled oil feedstock.

Abstract: The process for producing hydrogen gas according to the present invention consists of reacting aluminum with water in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also described. The apparatus comprises an expandable container wherein the pressure and temperature of the reaction causes the container to expand and contract to control the degree of immersion of a fuel cartridge in water and consequently to control the intensity and duration of the reaction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to create a substantially pure hydrogen product stream before any subsequent purification steps. The apparatus provides a generally enclosed reaction vessel so as to reduce any extraneous exhaust materials from escaping. In addition, the apparatus includes a primary and a secondary reaction chamber which are generally held at equivalent or equal pressures while at substantially different temperatures. In addition, a reaction aid or cooperator is used to increase the production of the hydrogen product stream and to also increase the purity of the hydrogen product stream. The method includes using a two chamber apparatus along with the reaction cooperator to increase the hydrogen production and purity and recycling the reaction cooperator.

Abstract: A quench zone mixing apparatus that occupies a low vertical height and has an improved mixing efficiency and fluid distribution across the catalyst surface includes a swirl chamber, a rough distribution network, and a distribution apparatus. In the swirl chamber, reactant fluid from a catalyst bed above is thoroughly mixed with a quench fluid by a swirling action. The mixed fluids exit the swirl chamber through an aperture to the rough distribution system where the fluids are radially distributed outward across the vessel to the distribution apparatus. The distribution apparatus includes a plate with a number of bubble caps and associated drip trays that multiply the liquid drip stream from the bubble caps to further symmetrically distribute the fluids across the catalyst surface. Alternatively, deflector baffles may be associated with the bubble caps to provide a wider and more uniform liquid distribution below the plate.

Abstract: An immunoassay plate for an immune complex transfer immunoassay, comprising a well type solid phase and a dip stick type solid phase which can be inserted into said well type solid phase, wherein the dip stick type solid phase is coated with either substance (A) or (B) to be mentioned below and the well type solid phase is coated with the other, remaining substance, and these solid phases are used as the two solid phases to be used for an immune complex transfer immunoassay:(A): a substance having a reactive group which specifically binds to a functional group previously introduced onto a substance, which specifically forms an immune complex with a test substance(B): a substance having a reactive group capable of specifically binding to the test substance in the immune complex, a substance which specifically forms an immune complex with the test substance, or a functional group conjugated in advance with said substance, provided that the moiety which binds to the reactive group of (A) does not bind to the rea

Abstract: An apparatus for photochemically oxidizing gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds includes: a) a reactor vessel having a plurality of reaction chambers provided therein, the reaction chambers having respective chamber lining sidewalls; b) a source of ultraviolet light provided within and along the reaction chambers to oxidize gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds fed to the reaction chambers into gaseous oxidation products; c) the sidewalls of the reaction chambers comprising a dry porous cementitious and chemically sorbent material, the sorbent material being chemically reactive with the gaseous oxidation products to produce solid reaction products incorporated in the reaction chamber sidewalls; and e) the sidewalls of the reaction chambers comprising a series of baffles mounted relative to the reactor vessel, the baffles defining a serpentine gas flow path within the reactor vessel between a gas inlet and a gas outlet.

Abstract: An SCR reactor (50) is disclosed which permits ready removal of a catalyst bed (58) from the SCR reactor and provides an effecting sealing mechanism between the catalyst bed (58) and the frame (52) of the SCR reactor. The frame is provided with side rails (54, 56) which have individual indentations spaced therealong. The catalyst bed is provided with wheels (60A, 60B, 60C) along its length which permit the catalyst bed to be rolled along the side rails until the catalyst bed is moved into its installed position whereupon the wheels descend into the indentations (62), causing the weight of the catalyst bed to form an effective seal between a downwardly face edge (64) on the catalyst bed and the frame (52).

Abstract: An SCR reactor sealing mechanism is disclosed which utilizes a clamping plate (34) to urge a side sealing flange (24) on a member (20) containing the catalyst (22) against a mating sealing surface (32) on the supporting internal frame (12) to prevent exhaust gas from bypassing the catalyst. The sealing mechanism has an advantage in permitting the member and catalyst to be removed from the internal frame by simply loosening the clamping plate (34) and slid out of or into the internal frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing high surface area active carbons in a safe and commercially advantageous manner by the alkali metal hydroxide-based activation method is provided. Using pushers (9a-k), the apparatus circulates containers (C) along a container travel line (8) connecting the elements: material feeding section (1).fwdarw.inlet side gas replacement chamber (2).fwdarw.tunnel kiln (3).fwdarw.cooling zone (4).fwdarw.water injection chamber (5).fwdarw.outlet side gas replacement chamber (6).fwdarw.reaction mixture discharge port (7) to form a closed circuit. During the travel of the containers, a series of steps is performed, namely the steps of charging of the containers with raw materials (carbonaceous material and alkali metal hydroxide-water mixture), dehydration, activation of the carbonaceous material with the alkali metal hydroxide, cooling, water injection and discharge of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: In the manufacture of chemical products, foods, pharmaceuticals and the like, a movable tank (201) mounted on a conveying vehicle (100) movable along conveyance courses (1, 1') between a plurality of stations (11-16) for unit processes such as mixing and reaction is transferred between relative stations by a transferring device provided on the conveying vehicle, to thereby successively perform necessary processes, thus meeting the needs of a multi-product/small-lot production. An automatic connection device is provided for supplying electric power and fluid to the movable tank. Furthermore, when necessary, a traverser device (2) for transferring the movable tank is provided between one conveyance course (1) and another conveyance course (1'). Further, a washing device is provided for washing the movable tank after the completion of the processes.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the removal and recovery of sulfides from tannery waste water or liquor. The apparatus comprises a closed vessel, the sulfide-bearing liquor is introduced into a first or acidulation zone of the vessel and mixed with acid to decrease the pH, preferably to a value below 4.0, and generate hydrogen sulfide. The acidified liquor is then overflowed into a second or desorption zone of the vessel and slowly agitated and conveyed through the second zone by disc conveyors to release the hydrogen sulfide gas from the liquor. A slight vacuum is drawn on the vessel causing the released hydrogen sulfide gas to be drawn into a third reaction zone of the vessel, where the gas combines with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulfhydrate. The effluent from the second zone can be filtered or dewatered and the filtrate discharged to a disposal site while the proteinaceous solids can be recovered for use as fertilizer.

Abstract: A CO.sub.2 gas generator for a utilization device is located in a housing and chemically generates CO.sub.2 from a chemical reaction between two reagents contained within a common container. The reagents are located in different chambers of the container with a CO.sub.2 accumulation region being included in one of the chambers. A reference pressure source of a predetermined pressure forces the two reagents into contact with each other when the pressure of gas in the CO.sub.2 accumulation region is less than the predetermined pressure whereupon CO.sub.2 is generated in one of the chambers. An output conduit in fluid communication with the CO.sub.2 accumulation region is provided to withdraw the generated gas from the generator. As the CO.sub.2 is withdrawn, the gas pressure drops permitting more mixing of the reagents. When the CO.sub.2 pressure becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure applied by the reference pressure source, the reagents become separate again and gas generation ceases.

Abstract: An apparatus for carrying out chemical reaction sequences includes a stack of reaction plates arranged one above another and displaceable according to choice step by step in relation to one another, which are provided with passages arranged at the stepping interval, one of which passes in each case is formed as reaction chamber. A plate displacement device serves for the displacement of the respective plate, according to choice, in relation to the remaining plate stack. A pressure application part of a clamping device is provided with a faculty for movement of the plates in relation to one another between a pressure application position with sealing clamping together of the plates and a release position.

Abstract: Materials to be calcined are introduced through an outer entrance into a front chamber while keeping an inner entrance closed. The outer entrance is then closed, the inner entrance is opened, and the materials are advanced into a calcining furnace through the inner entrance and are calcined therein. The calcined materials are then advanced into a rear chamber through an inner exit while an outer exit is kept closed. The inner exit then is closed, the outer exit is opened, and the calcined materials are carried out of the rear chamber through the outer exit. The calcining apparatus includes a tubular calcining furnace. A feed pipe and an exhaust pipe for reaction gases are attached to both ends of the furnace. The apparatus also includes a front chamber and a rear chamber, each having an inner entrance/exit and an outer entrance/exit. The front chamber and the rear chamber are also attached to the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A centrifuge for separating constituents of fluids, diluting the constituents and inoculating a reagent includes a spinning assembly for spinning a processor member. The processor member includes fluid and diluent compartments, separation chambers for a fluid and for a diluent, a mixing chamber, and a reagent chamber. The fluid compartment is in communication with the fluid separation chamber by a first passage. The diluent compartment and diluent separation chamber are communicated by a second passage. The first and second passages are oriented such that centrifugal force moves the fluid and diluent through the first and second passages into the respective chambers. The chambers are aligned to prevent outflow under the influence of centrifugal force but to allow outflow into measuring passages upon braking the spinning of the processor member. Spinning the processor member after braking generates a centrifugal force moving the fluid and diluent through the measuring passages into a mixing chamber.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, is partially oxidized by flowing the gas through a moving catalyst bed supported on a rotating drum disposed in a partitioned duct. Catalyst is regenerated by exposure to an oxygen containing gas flowing through a passage formed in the duct. A gas seal is formed between the duct partition and a surface of the catalyst support drum on the downstream side of the drum to minimize the leakage flow of hydrocarbon gas into the regenerator gas. The pressures of the hydrocarbon gas and regenerator gas are regulated upstream of the catalyst bed to minimize leakage flow of one gas into the flow space of the other gas through a space formed between the duct partition and the drum upstream of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for effecting high temperature catalytic conversion treatment of exhaust gases flowing in a large volume exhaust path comprising a plurality of separate catalyst panel assemblies, and a panel support assembly arranged to be mounted within the exhaust path and to separately removably support each of the plurality of catalyst panel assemblies so that high temperature exhaust gases within the exhaust path will flow therethrough in operation and each panel assembly can be conveniently serviced by simple removal. The panel support assembly includes an outer ambient temperature peripheral frame structure, an inner high temperature peripheral frame structure mounted within the outer peripheral frame structure for temperature responsive expansion and contraction with respect thereto, and an expansible and contractible high temperature resistant peripheral seal assembly between the inner and outer peripheral frame structures for maintaining a flow preventing seal therebetween.

Abstract: A gas generator is provided which can be selectively switched between reaon and nonreaction modes. The gas generator incudes a reaction chamber which has top and bottom ends. The chamber contains reactive and nonreactive liquids, the nonreactive liquid having a greater specific gravity than the reactive liquid. A solid reactant member is provided. A device is provided for projecting the solid reactant member through the bottom of the chamber, thence through the nonreactive liquid, and thence into the reactive liquid for generating gas. Further, a device is provided for withdrawing the solid reactant member from the reactive liquid into the nonreactive liquid for terminating the generation of gas.

Abstract: A system for the addition of a corrosion inhibitor to an engine cooling system wherein a container in the coolant system holds the corrosion inhibitor in a solid package which is withheld from contact with the coolant solution by a spring under load. The inhibitor package is counterbalanced by a pair of opposed springs with one spring being subject to corrosion when the corrosive effect of the coolant increases; corrosion of the spring allowing the inhibitor package to be urged into contact with the solution to provide treatment thereof.

Abstract: A timer controlled container inverting apparatus is constructed and arranged to commence timing out for container inversion only after setting of proper inversion time and reception of the container in the apparatus e.g. a vial containing a contact lens in sterilizing solution and oriented for sterilizing process commences process timing only upon application of the vial to the timing apparatus. Shortening of proper sterilizing time is prevented and inversion is effected rapidly at completion of the sterilizing process.

Abstract: A device for the rapid machine composting of sewage sludge including a rotary drum and having a feeding device extending longitudinally of the drum for feeding material to be composted into the drum. Air, heat and moisture are supplied to and discharged from the sludge compost and the composted material is discharged from the drum. A pre-mixing device for the sludge to be composted is located outside the rotary drum and includes a mixing vessel. Material to be composted is delivered to the mixing vessel as is composted sludge from the drum.