Abstract: Methyl iodide is employed as a structural fumigant for the effective control of soil borne and structural pests such as wood rotting fungi, arthropods such as insects and arachnids. Methyl iodide is employed in substantially the same manner as is customary for use of methyl bromide, and is at least as effective as methyl bromide when used in comparable amounts.

Abstract: Disclosed are in-the-eye uses of chlorine dioxide-containing compositions as effective ophthalmic antiseptics and as effective ophthalmic surgical irrigants. Surprisingly low concentrations of chlorine dioxide are effective in such applications. In addition, the presently useful compositions are ophthalmically acceptable.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by moving fluid (such as air) relative to (e.g. flowing the fluid through) a first bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with at least one of the following: phosphoric acid, acetic acid and citric acid, and then moving the fluid relative to a second bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with sodium chlorite and/or zeolite crystals impregnated with chlorine. Optionally, at least some of the produced chlorine dioxide is absorbed by moving the fluid relative to (e.g., flowing the fluid through) a third bed of chemically impregnated zeolite crystals.

Abstract: A biocidal powder for sustained release of chlorine dioxide includes particles containing chlorite anions, and a hydrophobic core having the particles on a surface thereof, the hydrophobic core containing an acid releasing agent. The particles and the hydrophobic core are substantially free of water, and the particles are capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.

Abstract: A concentration of microbiocides added to fluid systems is monitored by a fluorescence emission method which is based upon the measurement of the fluorescence intensity of an inert fluorescent additive which is added to the microbiocide composition prior to its introduction into the fluid system. Optionally, the fluorescent additive may be metered separately into the fluid system in direct proportion to the amount of industrial microbiocide added. Biocide compositions containing inert fluorescent additives are also disclosed. Preferably the fluid system is an industrial aqueous system. Preferred combinations of biocide and fluorescent additive are glutaraldehyde/1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, glutaraldehyde/1,3,6,8-pyrene tetrasulfonic acid, isothiazolone/1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, isothiazolone/1,3,6,8-pyrene tetrasulfonic acid, glutaraldehyde/fluorescein, alkyl-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride quaternary/2-naphthalene sulfonic acid and 2-(decylthio)-ethanamine/2-naphthalene sulfonic acid.

Abstract: A method for sanitary cleaning using a sanitary cleaner in liquid or solid form containing organic substances inhibiting microbial action in a quantity of at lest about 0.5 g/kg sanitary cleaner, usual lime-dissolving water-soluble acids, organic substances promoting microbial action, which are resistant against the lime-dissolving water-soluble acid, in a quantity of at least 10 mg/kg sanitary cleaner, and optionally further additives, in which after the dilution or flushing the germs degrading the organic substance of the water are promoted in their effectiveness. The sanitary cleaner contains as germ-promoting organic substance a compound of the general formula (I) R.sub.1 R.sub.2 N--CO--NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 in which R.sub.1 to R.sub.

Abstract: Methods for sterilization of an article comprising contacting the article with a blend comprising an ethylene oxide sterilant and a propellant. The propellant comprises a fluoroiodocarbon of the general formula C.sub.a H.sub.b Br.sub.c Cl.sub.d F.sub.e I.sub.f N.sub.g O.sub.h, wherein a is between and including 1 and 8, b is between and including 0 and 2, c, d, g and h are each between and including 0 and 1, e is between and including 1 and 17, and f is between and including 1 and 2.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid and a non-oxidizing biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid and the non-oxidizing biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: Especially for use in disinfecting water by bubbling in a gas such as ozone, novel apparatus having an inlet and an outlet for liquid and which defines a flow path therebetween, the path including, in succession, a downward flow zone and an upward flow zone, the zones being separated by a wall beneath which there is a gap for the flow between the zones, wherein the upward flow zone includes a perforate baffle, adjacent to the gap, such that there is substantially laminar flow throughout that zone.

Abstract: A process for plasma sterilization in which articles in a sterilizing chamber are taken through at least one combination sterilizing cycle. The articles to be sterilized may include the interior of a vessel or chamber. In that case, the vessel or chamber itself may serve as a sterilizing chamber and connects to the plasma generating chamber. Each combination sterilizing cycle includes a pulsed treatment with gaseous antimicrobial agent, removal of the gaseous antimicrobial agent, and a plasma treatment. The pulsed treatment includes one or more pulse-vacuum cycles, each pulse-vacuum cycle includes the steps of evacuating the sterilizing chamber and exposing the article to the gaseous antimicrobial agent with a predetermined pressure profile during a predetermined time. The gaseous antimicrobial agent is preferably carried in a gas mixture with a nonreactive carrier gas. In one embodiment, the predetermined pressure is pulsed. In another embodiment, it is ramped.

Abstract: A process for preparing a composite which provides sustained release of chlorine dioxide which includes mixing a hydrophilic material containing an amine and a base with a hydrophobic material containing an acid releasing agent, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials being adjacent and substantially free of water, to form a mixture. The mixture is exposed to chlorine dioxide which reacts with the amine to form iminium chlorite which is decomposed by the base to form a chlorite salt within the hydrophilic material. The hydrophilic material is capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.

Abstract: This invention provides a surprisingly efficacious combination useful for inhibiting microorganism growth, particularly in aqueous slurries containing mineral ore. In particular embodiments, the invention provides an antimicrobial composition comprising 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7 triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. The invention also provides a method for inhibiting microbial growth in an aqueus mineral or ore slurry, e.g. a kaolin slurry. The method includes the step of adding to the slurry a microbiocidal composition of 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7 triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is a composition comprisinga. an antibacterial agent, andb. a solubilizing effective amount for the purposes of solubilizing b of a compound or the formula. ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of four to twenty carbon atoms inclusive and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl of one to twelve carbon atoms, inclusive.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for sterilizing hemodialysis apparatus, particularly for reprocessing dialyzers in a manner that minimizes membrane perforations. The compositions contain a protic acid and a metal chlorite, and have a pH of at least about 2.3 and no greater than 4.2. Methods of this invention include contacting both the blood side and the dialysate side of a dialysis membrane with the composition, followed by first displacing the composition on the dialysate side with water or an aqueous alkali buffer having a pH in excess of about 6.0, such that the pH of the composition on the blood side of the dialysis membrane increases to at least about 5.0. The composition on the blood side is then displaced with saline. In a further embodiment, the composition has a pH ranging from 3.3 to 4.2, and the amount of chlorite ion in the form of chlorous acid ranges from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the total amount of chlorite ion in the composition.

Abstract: The invention is directed to improving the disinfection of dental impressions following removal from the patient's mouth and before entering the dental laboratory to prevent contamination. It involves the use of a pH-adjusted hypochlorite solution, which is highly effective in killing microorganisms, and also relatively inexpensive. Using the solution of the instant invention for disinfection causes no damage to the impression, no loss of accuracy, and does not destroy the details on the impression surface.

Abstract: Methods for preventing and treating microbial wound infections, especially of peritoneal cavity wounds including those having indwelling catheters, and enhancing wound repair while minimizing adhesions and scar formation involve the infusion or irrigation of the wound with a solution containing a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and having a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Typical solutions contain chlorine dioxide in isotonic saline and exhibit a pH of from about 5 to about 7.5. Sodium chlorite is employed in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus is provided for treating and/or disinfecting water and/or wastewater wherein the contact chamber is sealed and under greater than atmospheric pressure having a detention time of no more than 5 minutes and further providing for generating a mixture containing chlorine dioxide having a product storage chamber connected to a first mixing chamber which is connected to a first storage chamber for storing chlorite, a second storage chamber for storing organic acid, and a third storage chamber for storing water, metering means are provided between all chambers, and means for filling are provided to these chambers. Unreacted constituents are removed from the disinfecting solution. Outlet means is provided from the product storage chamber to the pressurized contact chamber where the disinfecting solution is contacted with the water and/or wastewater.

Abstract: Sterilized povidone-iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine) in an ointment form is obtained by preparation of a mixture of purified water, povidone-iodine, a non-ionic gelling agent, and a non-ionic low suds surfactant. The ointment is a liquid in the temperature range of about 2.degree. C. to 9.degree. C. because of the influence of the non-ionic gelling agent. At room temperature, the mixture forms a free standing ointment which can be sterilized by gamma radiation without degradation of its antimicrobial efficacy, viscosity or shelf life. The ointment is easily prepared by using chilled purified water which maintains the mixture as a liquid while all of the ingredients are mixed together. At room temperature the mixture becomes a free standing ointment.

Abstract: An improved method for rapid disinfection of contact lenses in a convenient and reliable manner is disclosed in which a series of oxidation-reduction reactions are employed. Specifically, dichloroisocyanurate and potassium iodide react to form iodine species for disinfecting the contact lens. An amount of ascorbate is then added to neutralize the iodine species.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for processing fluid provide for contacting the fluid with iodine.

Abstract: An aqueous isothiazolone formulation useful for antiseptic or antifungal treatment of various synthetic polymeric emulsions, which comprises (a) a specific isothiazolone compound, (b) water or an aqueous solvent and (c) a specific nitrobromo or cyanobromo compound.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by moving fluid (such as air) relative to a first bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with sodium chlorine and/or zeolite crystals impregnated with chlorine, and by moving the fluid relative to a second bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with one of the following: phosphoric acid, acetic acid and citric acid. The first and second beds may be physically mixed together. A further aspect of the present invention relates to removing chlorine dioxide from a fluid by moving the fluid relative to a bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with one of the following: potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfate and ferrous sulfate. This method may be used to remove chlorine dioxide produced using the method for producing chlorine dioxide described above.

Abstract: A method for producing chlorine dioxide by moving fluid (such as air) relative to a first bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with sodium chlorite and/or zeolite crystals impregnated with chlorine, and by moving the fluid relative to a second bed of zeolite crystals impregnated with at least one of the following: phosphoric acid, acetic acid and citric acid. The first and second beds may be physically mixed together.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the population of bacteria in aqueous systems which comprises co-treating said aqueous system with 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide and chlorine dioxide under the conditions specified herein. By co-treating an aqueous system with both 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide and chlorine dioxide, one can achieve a more effective biocidal effect with the same amount of biocide than if either the 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide or chlorine dioxide are used separately.

Abstract: According to a sheet material for eliminating methyl bromide obtained by forming an activated carbon-containing paper, spraying a solution of an amine compound to it or impregnating it with the solution, and drying it, it is accomplished to remove remaining methyl bromide after fumigating agricultural products with methyl bromide, and prevent damage to the agricultural products and emission thereof in the atmosphere, which are on the basis that methyl bromide kept in the agricultural products is gradually released and concentration thereof rises a high level in a container.

Abstract: A process is provided for the sterilization of the surface of a packaging material, e.g. a plastic coated board, by contacting such material with a hydrogen peroxide solution, wherein the hydrogen peroxide solution is modified by the addition thereto of a penetration-reducing amount of a penetration-reducing salt. The salt referred to is preferably an alkali metal salt, for instance, a sulphate or halogenide, such as sodium sulphate or sodium chloride. A composition is provided that is useful for carrying the sterilization process into effect, wherein a hydrogen peroxide solution is modified by the addition of a penetration-reducing amount of a penetration-reducing salt.

Abstract: A composition comprising a water-dispersible ionene polymer and a water-dispersible di-lower-alkyl ammonium halide polymer (for example, a polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) is disclosed. These polymers are present in the composition in a ratio effective to function synergistically as an algistatic or algicidal agent when an effective amount of the composition is dispersed in a body of water. Examples of suitable bodies of water are swimming pools, spas, lakes, rivers, or water in an industrial water system, such as a cooling water system. Also, a method of treating water which is susceptible to the growth of algae is disclosed. The method is carried out by incorporating in the water an at least algistatic amount of the composition.

Abstract: An anoxic treatment process which eliminates organisms such as insects, fungi and/or microbes from fine art objects such as paintings includes filling an enclosure placed around the object, flushing the enclosure of oxygen by applying an inert gas such as argon, and/or helium separately or in combination, and maintaining selected conditions of pressure, temperature, humidity and ph (acidity) for a selected period of time, typically on the order of several weeks. In one practice of the invention, infrared spectra are monitored to determine when all live organisms have been eliminated from the object, by measuring respiratory by-products from the organisms to determine when all have been eliminated. The by-product measurement system may utilize a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy system (FTIR) to monitor carbon dioxide and/or methane.

Abstract: Methyl iodide is employed as a soil fumigant for the effective control of plant pathogens, nematodes, bacteria and weeds. Methyl iodide is employed in substantially the same manner as is customary for use of methyl bromide, and is at least as effective as methyl bromide when used in comparable amounts.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: Halogenated hydrocarbon solution, water, and surfactant solution are mixed together; said mixture solution is heated for generating halogenated hydrocarbon gas, water vapor, and surfactant gas; said mixture gas is filled into a processing tank in which wood has been hermetically contained so as to permeate into said wood; and resin in wood is dissolved so that pits of the membrane of wood cells may be opened. As said halogenated hydrocarbon solution, used is methylene chloride solvent solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method of administering same for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The composition of the present invention includes sufficient amounts of a peracetic acid and a second organic biocide. The method of the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of the peracetic acid and the organic biocide to industrial process waters.

Abstract: Cyclic N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds and methods of using the same wherein the functional groups halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They will be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.

Abstract: A novel method and compositions are disclosed for the treatment of water in recirculating water systems. The method includes providing a boron level of at least 20 ppm in the water, continually eroding into the water a compressed sanitizer/algicide component including a halogen source material, a boron source material, and glycoluril, and periodically adding to the water an oxidizing clarifier comprising a chlorine source material, a non-halogen, chlorine source material, and a boron source material. The invention also provides novel water treatment chemicals including the compressed sanitizer/algicide component and the clarifier useful in the foregoing system. The system and compositions are safe and reliable, control algal and fungal growth and generally provide improved water quality for recirculating water systems.

Abstract: Aerosol formulations substantially free of chlorofluorocarbons for oral and/or nasal administration are described. The formulations comprise 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, a medicament, optionally an excipient and optionally a surfactant. Methods of treatment utilizing the formulations are also described.

Abstract: A water soluble, antimicrobial composition having antifungal activity useful for disinfecting a contact lens comprise (a) polyhexamethylene biguanide and (b) iodopropynylbutyl carbamate, in a weight ratio of (a):(b) of at least 100:1.

Abstract: A substantially noncorrosive antimicrobial composition includes by weight percent between 0.25 to 2.0% available iodine, 20.0 to 50.0% fatty acid, 15.0%-35% non-ionic surfactant, 5.0-16.0% (w/v) buffering agent and 10.0-60.0% water (v/v). The composition has a pH between 3.0 and 5.0. Methods for using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method for rapid disinfection of contact lenses in a convenient and reliable manner is disclosed in which a series of oxidation-reduction reactions are employed. Specifically, dicheoroisocyanurate and potassium iodide react to form iodine species for disinfecting the contact lens. An amount of ascorbate is then added to neutralize the iodine species.

Abstract: Articles intended for dry sterilization are placed into a confined volume and are subjected to neutral species of an electrical plasma discharge while maintaining the volume glowless and substantially field free by interposing a barrier between the articles and the discharge, the barrier being transparent to neutral species and opaque to charged species emanating from the discharge.

Abstract: A water distribution system is provided having a flow rate in the range of approximately 10 to 30 psi. A chlorinator is provided in line with the water distribution system to dispense a chlorine compound into the water distribution system. Calcium hypochlorite in solid form is placed into the housing of the chlorinator, the chlorinator being used to dissolve the solid calcium hypochlorite in water, dilute it to a desired concentration, and dispense it into the water distribution system at a flow rate in the range of approximately 50 to 3500 gallons/day. The chlorinator comprises a housing having a closed bottom with a fluid inlet and outlet, an open top, and a removable top cover. A flow rate control valve in the internal passage regulates the rate of flow in the internal passage providing fluid communication between the fluid inlet and the housing interior.

Abstract: Compositions, devices, and methods are disclosed for achieving rapid sterilization. A device for reducing surface tension in liquids is also disclosed. Both cationic and anionic surfactants are simultaneously present and used with a germicide to accelerate sterilization at room temperatures. One device includes a tablet, absorbent body, or other carrier which carries both an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant. Another device includes a hermetically sealable envelope which contains an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, preferably with a germicide which impregnates an absorbent liner. The composition includes a germicide, an anionic surfactant, and a cationic surfactant. Glutaraldehyde solutions are the preferred germicides; sulfosuccinic acid, ester with ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, disodium salt is a preferred anionic surfactant; and, a quaternary ammonium salt is the preferred cationic surfactant. A sterilization method is performed by exposing an object to the disclosed compositions.

Abstract: Microemulsions of water-insoluble active ingredients, employing a special surfactant system and solvent system. These microemulsions remain thermodynamically stable over a wide range of water dilutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an iodine-based solution, and a method of using that solution, which sterilizes tissue implants without denaturing the proteins in the implant and without inducing calcification of the implant in vivo. Preferably, the tissue implants sterilized using the present invention are fixed without using glutaraldehyde. Most preferably, the tissue implants are fixed by photooxidation.

Abstract: A process for delivering a selected effective amount of a dry granular antimicrobial composition to an aqueous system is provided comprising (a) adding the composition into sealed rigid container means, wherein the container means has at least one resealable opening; (b) establishing sealed communication of at least one of the resealable opening(s) with discharge means for effecting the delivery of the composition from the container means to the aqueous system wherein the discharge means has discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from the discharge means; (c) removing at least one seal from at least one of the resealable opening(s) that is in sealed communication with the discharge means for effecting the discharge of the composition through this resealable opening(s), and into the discharge means; (d) operating the discharge valve means for effecting the discharge of the selected effective amount of the composition from within the discharge means

Abstract: A chlorination and dechlorination apparatus and method for the treatment of wastewater or other fluid comprising a chlorinator, a contact tank, and a dechlorinator. The contact tank is a vessel having an inlet opening and an outlet opening and is divided into two contact chambers by a baffle which runs vertically the entire length of the contact tank. A baffle opening is provided at the lower end of the baffle to allow passage of fluid from the first contact chamber to the second contact chamber. The chlorinator includes a chlorine tablet feeder and the dechlorinator includes a dechlorination tablet feeder. The fluid under treatment flows from inlet opening to the outlet opening in a plug-flow pattern. Previous to entering the contact chambers, the fluid washes over and dissolves chlorine tablets stacked in the chlorine tablet feeder. After flowing through the contact chambers, the fluid washes over and dissolves dechlorination tablets stacked in the dechlorination tablet feeder.

Abstract: Scrubber sterilization method and an apparatus which initially sterilize a gas scrubber with an initial cleaning with hydrogen peroxide, provide an iodine level of approximately 5 to 10 mg/liter in water which is sprayed into the scrubber to contact the effluent gas stream and kill biological growth, provide injection of more concentrated iodine in water in the event the iodine level in the system falls below a predetermined level, and load the filtrate material in the gas scrubber with iodine to provide an unfavorable surface for adherence of biological growth as well as a secondary sterilization means in the event that the liquid stream with iodine is stopped due to equipment or power failure.

Abstract: A toilet cleaning block which releases a halogen disinfecting agent in a controlled, substantially constant rate for 2 to about 4 months of constant contact with water and is then completely dissolved in the water comprises an admixture of an agent which releases a halogen disinfecting agent when in contact with water, about 4 to 10% aluminum hydroxide based on the total weight of the block and up to about 1% by weight of a mold release lubricant, said admixture being in the form of a coherent solid resistant to internal water penetration having a density of 1.10 to 1.60 g/cc, a ratio of effective surface area to weight of about 1:1.05 to 1:1.25 and a crush fracturing strength of about 9-109 kg.

Abstract: A shape for chlorination and dechlorination tablets which reduces pillaring and wicking effects during fluid treatment and offers a consistent dissolution rate during the chlorination or dechlorination process. The opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets are formed by a combination of concave and convex shapes. The shape of the opposing surfaces prevents the formation of a central pillar, resulting in the formation of a side pillar instead. During the formation of the side pillar, the fluid contact surface area of the tablets gradually increases to compensate for the diminishing periphery of the tablets. As a result, the dissolution rate of the tablet is kept substantially constant over the course of tablet dissolution. The shape of the opposing surfaces of the stacked tablets also only provides for minimum contact between adjacent tablets, slowing the moisture diffusion speed and minimizing wicking effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting the growth of filamentous microorganisms. The method includes the steps of adding effective amounts of a biocide and an enzyme. The enzyme of the present invention enhances the leakiness of the protective sheath around the filamentous microorganisms to allow the penetration of the biocide into the cells of the filamentous microorganisms.