Abstract: A method for eluting a metal adsorbed on a chelating agent with an eluent, which comprises using as the eluent an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble inorganic sulfide and a basic compound at concentrations of 0.005 to 3N and 0.1N or more, respectively.

Abstract: A surface treated clay such as kaolin is prepared by a process in which the clay surface is preconditioned by treatment with gaseous hydrogen and then functionalized by reaction with a polymerizable organic moiety of an organic compound. The products are useful as fillers for rubber, resin, plastic, paper and the like.

Abstract: Metal ions contained in trace in an aqueous solution are extracted, for quantitative analysis by an ICP emission spectrometer, with an organic solvent supplemented by chelate compounds in an extraction vessel having a thin cylindrical upper portion, to form an organic layer containing the extracted metal ions over an aqueous layer. After extraction, water is supplied from the bottom of the vessel in an amount so that the interface between the organic and aqueous layers is positioned at a predetermined position of the thin, upper portion where a liquid withdrawal port is provided. The organic layer is recovered from the withdrawal port.

Abstract: Gallium is recovered from gallium arsenide by reacting and dissolving the gallium arsenide with an oxidant and a complexing agent, especially with water insoluble hydroxamic acids with mild conditions, e.g. with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and mild temperature, to effect separation of gallium hydroxamic acid chelates from water soluble arsenic compounds.

Abstract: Gallium is extracted in the presence of other metals from gallium bearing aqueous solutions, by contact with organic solvent containing N-organo hydroxamic acids, particularly at described acid and alkaline pH ranges; and recovered from the organic solvent. New gallium complexes and certain N-organo hydroxamic acids are also provided.

Abstract: The method of recovering gallium from very basic solutions such as sodium aluminum liquors from the Bayer process by liquid/liquid extraction by means of an organic phase, preferably formed of an organic solvent and water-insoluble alkylhydroxyquinolines of the general formula ##STR1## in which n is a number between 5 and 20.

Abstract: Spent catalysts from hydrocarbon refining processes, comprising transition metal compounds on aluminum oxide-containing supports, are subjected to an oxidative roasting and are treated with sulfuric acid in a counter-current digester to dissolve metals. Following operations to separate compounds of the various transition metals, a solution containing approximately stoichiometric equivalents of aluminum and sulfate is obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing aluminum hydroxide product having an improved level of whiteness is disclosed. In the process, a caustic solution having dissolved aluminum hydroxide is subjected to purification to remove color producing humate material. Purification includes passing the caustic solution through a semi-permeable membrane. The solution purified of humate material is treated to precipitate aluminum hydroxide therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the fluid-fluid extraction of gallium, germanium or indium from acid or base hydrous solutions, in which a mixture of at least two hydroxyquinolines in various quantities is employed, is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selective dealumination, particularly surface dealumination of zeolites by sequential ion-exchange and calcination. The process is selective in the sense that the aluminium atoms within the pore structure of the zeolite remain virtually intact.The surface dealuminated zeolites can be used, after loading with a gallium compound, as catalysts in hydrocarbon conversion reactions.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is a novel comprehensive process for maximizing the recovery of valuable mineral values from coal ash. Options may also be included for the production of saleable inorganic chemical by-products. The process employs both physical and chemical extraction techniques that maximize the yield of products while reducing the quantity of waste produced. Valuable minerals and chemicals such as cenospheres (hollow microspheres), carbon, magnetite (Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4), alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), iron oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) and iron chloride (FeCl.sub.3) may be produced. Due to removal of carbon, magnetite, and iron oxide from the coal ash, the processed ash comprises a quality pozzolan.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the recovery of gallium from aluminum smelting dust. Aluminum smelting dust is leached with mineral acid, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. Gallium is extracted from the obtained leach liquor with an organic solution containing a liquid cation exchange agent. The resulting loaded organic solution is treated with mineral acid in aqueous solution, either after or before scrubbing with a higher concentration of acid in aqueous solution, to strip gallium. Gallium is extracted from this solution with another organic solution containing an ion-pair extracting type extracting agent. Finally, purified gallium is recovered by stripping the latter loaded organic solution with water or dilute acid in aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for recovering gallium from an aqueous solution containing gallium, which comprises contacting the aqueous solution containing gallium to a porous polymer having a water-insoluble substituted quinolinol retained therein, to let the polymer adsorb gallium, and then eluting gallium from the polymer.

Abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction of a substance from an aqueous solution thereof, which consists in preparing a microemulsion of this solution with a hydrophobic liquid in such a way that the layer of microemulsion is accompanied by a layer of consumed aqueous solution and a layer of hydrophobic liquid containing the substance to be extracted.

Abstract: The process of liquid-liquid extraction of gallium from sodium aluminate liquor used in the Bayer alumina process, uses an organic extractant comprising a diluent and a substituted hydroxyquinoline such that gallium and some aluminum are extracted into the organic phase.In five successive steps, the organic extractant solution loaded with gallium and aluminum is first contacted with an aqueous mineral acid solution, during which the acid solution strips the loaded solution of gallium and aluminum. Next, the phases are separated and a chloride salt or hydrochloric acid is dissolved in the acidic solution of gallium and aluminum which is then contacted with an organic solvent, e.g. n-butyl acetate. Aluminum remains in the aqueous acid solution whereas the organic solvent becomes loaded with gallium.After the phases have been separated, the organic solvent is separated from gallium chloride, which forms the feed for producing pure gallium.

Abstract: A process for the purification of spent liquor from an alumina precipitation stage is disclosed wherein the spent liquor is first contacted with 50 volume % or less ethanol to form a sodium oxalate precipitate and the, after removal of the sodium oxalate precipitate is contacted with over 50 volume % of ethanol extraction fluid to separate the mixture into a first layer comprising the ethanol and at least a portion of the caustic from the spent liquor and a second layer which comprises the remainder of the spent liquor. The spent liquor may then be subjected to a further precipitation to recover further alumina. The spent liquor remaining may be further treated in subsequent extraction steps to concentrate and dispose of undesirable impurities remaining.

Abstract: New compounds have been prepared from dicyclopentadiene bis(methylamine) which have the following formula ##STR1## wherein substituents A, B, X and Y each are independently selected from radicals including hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl (wherein the alkyl group contains 2-6 carbon atoms) phosphonic, sulfonic, hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropylsulfonic, methylenephosphonic methylene-, ethylene- and propylenesulfonic, alkylcarboxylic acid radicals (having 2-4 carbon atoms) and the alkali or alkaline earth metal, ammonia and amine salts of any of the phosphonic, sulfonic or carboxylic acid derivatives. At least one of the substituents must be other than a hydrogen. These compounds are useful chelating agents and those containing the methylenephosphonic substituents are good threshold agents.

Abstract: A process for eluting indium from a chelate resin having a phosphorus atom-containing, chelate-forming group which contains adsorbed indium, which comprises contacting said resin firstly with a primary eluent containing an acid containing no halogen atom in the molecule at a concentration of 0.1N or higher and then with an eluent for indium which is selected from the group consisting of (1) a solution of an acid containing a halogen atom in the molecule, (2) a mixed solution of (a) a metal halide, an ammonium halide or a mixture thereof and (b) an acid and (3) a mixed solution of a sulfide and a base compound.

Abstract: Gallium values are extracted and recovered from basic aqueous solutions thereof, notably from sodium aluminate solutions of Bayer process origin, by liquid/liquid extraction thereof with a water immiscible organic phase comprising an organic solvent having dissolved therein an organic-soluble substituted hydroxyquinoline and at least one organic-soluble organophosphorus compound comprising at least one acid function.

Abstract: A method is described for precious metal recovery from acidic precious metal-cyanide solutions by means of a weakly-basic anion-exchange material comprising a polymeric felt incorporating radiation-grafted pyridinyl functional groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for reducing the iron content of iron-, silicon- and aluminium-containing raw materials and for producing ferric oxide, optionally along with an alumina concentrate. According to the invention the iron content of mineral raw materials, e.g. bauxites, clay minerals, colliary rocks, red muds, etc. is eliminated by passing through one or more beds prepared from the unground but preferably prebroaken and sized raw material an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of which exceeds 100 g./lit., at a temperature below 90.degree. C., preferably at room temperature, optionally in the presence of a flocculating agent. By pyrolytic decomposition of the ferric chloride prepared ferric oxide can be produced.

Abstract: In a process for the production of alumina from aluminous raw material, an ammonoalunite intermediate is formed. The raw material is preferably a clay which is leached with sulfuric acid to form an aluminous solution which is separated from the solid materials. After any required extraction of iron, such as by liquid ion exchange, the solution is subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of ammonium ions to form ammonoalunite which is recovered as a precipitate. The liquor is recycled to leach the clay, while the ammonoalunite is thermally decomposed to alumina. Gases liberated during decomposition are scrubbed with recycled liquor to form clay leach liquor. The alumina may be purified by washing with sulfuric acid to obtain a purity suitable for aluminum electrolysis.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for separating gallium and indium from an aqueous solution by subjecting this latter to liquid/liquid extraction with the use of certain classes of organylphosphonic acid esters and separating the resulting liquid phases from one another.

Abstract: A novel method is disclosed which enables gallium and/or indium to be selectively separated and concentrated from a solution containing them in very low concentrations together with many other metal ions in rather high concentrations. The solution is passed through a bed of a chelating ion exchange resin having an amino carboxylic acid group either immediately or after the pH adjustment. Gallium and/or indium adsorbed on the chelate resin is desorbed by eluting with a mineral acid. The eluate, after the pH adjustment, is passed through another bed of a chelating ion exchange resin having an amino carboxylic acid group, and the resin is treated with a mineral acid to elute the metal ions adsorbed on the resin to thereby recover gallium and/or indium in the form of a concentrated solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to new industrial products of the general formula ##STR1## a process for the manufacture of these products and their application as extraction agents in hydrometallurgy.

Abstract: Gallium values are extracted and recovered from basic aqueous solutions thereof, notably from sodium aluminate solutions of Bayer process origin, by liquid/liquid extraction thereof with a water immiscible organic phase comprising an organic solvent having dissolved therein an organic-soluble substituted hydroxyquinoline and at least one organic-soluble organosulfate or organosulfonate comprising at least one acid function, either in the free acid or salt form thereof.

Abstract: Gallium contained in a solution, especially a strongly basic aqueous solution can be effectively recovered by contacting the solution with a chelate resin having (A) .dbd.NOH group and (B) functional group capable of forming a chelate bond with said functional group (A) through gallium or a chelate resin having metal salt of said functional group to adsorb gallium to the resin.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for producing via ACH anhydrous aluminum chloride suitable for electrolytic reduction to aluminum wherein the feed ACH is acid leach derived. In a preferred embodiment the acid leach derived ACH is single stage crystallized.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, spent liquor from an alumina precipitation stage is contacted with an extraction fluid to separate the mixture into a first layer comprising the extraction fluid and at least a portion of the caustic from the spent liquor and a second layer which comprises the remainder of the spent liquor. The spent liquor may then be subjected to a further precipitation to recover further alumina. The spent liquor remaining may be further treated in subsequent extraction steps to concentrate and dispose of undesirable impurities remaining.

Abstract: A process for separating inorganic substances involving their abstraction from a mixture with near-supercritical inorganic fluids. One or more inorganic substances are abstracted and then separatively recovered by retrograde condensations. The process particularly is applicable with mixtures obtained from the chlorination of metalliferous ores and may be conjoined to many ancillary metal abstraction processes such as volatilizations, distillations or electrolyses.

Abstract: A method of processing naturally occurring kaolin clay wherein ion exchange resins are utilized to remove charged soluble impurities from the clay thereby eliminating the filtration step required in conventional clay beneficiation process. Further, by saturating the ion exchange resin utilized with a bleaching agent, ferric ions in the clay will be reduced to soluble ferrous ions and removed from the clay without the conventional acid leaching.

Abstract: A gravity fed water bath process treats waste water from spray rinses containing compounds of copper and like heavy metals. For displacing heavy metals, such as copper, the bath has a substantially pure metal with an electrode potential greater than the heavy metal contained in the rinse water. A system for controlling the pH level of the water bath treatment and for supplying acid at the beginning of the bath, and alkaline material at the bath's end provides a highly acidic pH level for the water bath and heavy metal removal chamber, and adjusts the pH level of the discharged water for satisfactory deposit in municipal sewer systems.A method for displacing the heavy metal from the compound in solution requires exposing the heavy metal compound to a substantially pure metal having an electrode potential greater than the heavy metal of the compound, in an acidic bath whose pH level is controlled.

Abstract: Para-xylene may be separated as extract product by contacting charge C-8 aromatic hydrocarbon mixture with a synthetic crystalline barium or barium/potassium aluminosilicate zeolite HP, formed by ion exchange from a sodium aluminosilicate zeolite HP having a lattice constant of 25.02-25.10 .ANG. and a ratio of silicon atoms to aluminum atoms of less than 1.0.

Abstract: A process is described whereby gadolinium and gallium containing by-products can be reprocessed to yield the oxides of these elements in sufficient purity to be re-used in the process for manufacturing Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 (GGG) single crystal boules thereby improving the economics of production of GGG wafers significantly. The gadolinium and gallium oxides are recovered and separated from transition metal impurities introduced during fabrication of GGG wafers by precipitating the gadolinium as oxalate which is thereafter pyrolyzed to gadolinium oxide and eluting the gallium containing filtrate over an ion exchange resin and precipitating therefrom as an oxalate the gallium present. The gallium precipitate is also pyrolyzed to the gallium oxide. The process can be extended to include purification and re-use of by-products generated in other grinding and polishing operations which may result in the recycling of the order of 80% of the generated by-products.

Abstract: A process was developed to optimize the thallium (III) produced by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and thallium (I). In the optimized process, thallium (III) is removed from the reaction mixture during the oxidation reaction.

Abstract: Highly siliceous porous crystalline zeolite materials having a mole ratio of silica to alumina of at least 20 are metal-impregnated by contacting the zeolite with a solution (aqueous or inorganic) of a metal complex having a zero or uncommon low ion charge.

Abstract: The phenolic chelate resin has a chelate-forming group wherein part or all of the hydrogen atoms in a primary and/or secondary alkylamino group introduced in a phenol nucleus are replaced by a methylenephosphonate group. Also disclosed is a process for producing such a chelate resin, and a method for recovering heavy metal ions with such a resin. The resin has particularly high selectivity for adsorbing uranium ions, as well as high heat, acid and alkali resistance as well as dimensional stability. The resin is very effective for recovering uranium from various uranium-containing solutions such as sea water, crude phosphoric acid fertilizer solutions, low-grade uranium ore, waste water from uranium refining, and uranium mine water.

Abstract: Metal values, such as Co, Ni, Cu and Fe, are recovered from magnet alloy grinding sludge by means of a process comprising: (1) treatment with an organic solvent to remove a major portion of sulfur and oil contaminants, (2) drying, grinding, sizing and magnetic separation to remove a major portion of grinding media contamination, (3) controlled oxidation-roasting to selectively remove residual sulfur and carbon, and (4) gaseous hydrogen reduction to deoxidize metal values.

Abstract: Highly pure (>99.99%) aqueous solutions of gallium chloride are obtained by a process having two major stages. The first stage, effected by passage of an aqueous acid solution containing gallium over a strongly basic ion exchange resin, makes it possible to eliminate an appreciable quantity of metal ions, such as Ca, Mg, Cr, V, Co, Zn and Pb, and further serves to concentrate the initial solution. In the second stage, the remaining ions, such as Al, Na and particularly Fe.sup.+++ are eliminated by a two-phase extraction with an organic extractant, preferably a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 alcohol or a quaternary ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A process for removing catalyst residues from poly-1-butene which is disclosed which comprises contacting an organic phase containing the poly-1-butene dissolved in an inert hydrocarbon solvent with an aqueous solution of an alpha-hydroxysulfonic acid and then separating the poly-1-butene-containing phase from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of aluminum oxide from aluminum compounds containing fluorine comprising:(1) extracting aluminum ions with an organic solvent containing one or more compounds selected from the groups of alkyl phosphoric acid, alkyl and aryl thio phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid and hydroxime together with a petroleum hydrocarbon as a diluent;(2) preparing aluminum compounds containing fluorine by stripping the aluminum ions in the resultant organic solvent from the step (1) in contact with an aqueous solution containing one or more compounds selected from the groups of HF, NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2, NH.sub.4 F or KHF.sub.2 and simultaneously regenerating the organic solvent; and(3) producing aluminum oxide by heating the resultant aluminum compounds containing fluorine from the step (2) in gas stream containing oxygen or H.sub.2 O.

Abstract: Molybdenum is ion exchanged into a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, replacing metals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium, by contacting the zeolite with an aqueous solution containing molybdenyl cations (i.e., MoO.sub.2.sup.2+) and having a pH below 7.0 but higher than that which would substantially affect the crystallinity of the zeolite. The resulting zeolite, when calcined or sulfided, is useful as a catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, particularly with respect to the hydrodealkylation of toluene to benzene and methane.

Abstract: The phenolic chelate resin has a chelate-forming group wherein part or all of the hydrogen atoms in a primary and/or secondary alkylamino group introduced in a phenol nucleus are replaced by a methylenephosphonate group. Also disclosed is a process for producing such a chelate resin, and a method for recovering heavy metal ions with such a resin. The resin has particularly high selectivity for adsorbing uranium ions, as well as high heat, acid and alkali resistance as well as dimensional stability. The resin is very effective for recovering uranium from various uranium-containing solutions such as sea water, crude phosphoric acid fertilizer solutions, lowgrade uranium ore, waste water from uranium refining, and uranium mine water.

Abstract: Binderless zeolite sieve extrudates are made by extruding a mixture containing about 40-60% zeolites with the remainder being a metakaolin clay that has mixed with it about 90-120% of the stoichiometric amount of sodium hydroxide to convert the clay to a zeolite. After extrusion the particles are allowed to dry age during which time most of the clay is converted to the zeolite. A further heat treatment in a dilute caustic aqueous solution insures complete crystallization with subsequent washing and calcination to produce an adsorbent product.

Abstract: An improved method of making binderless zeolite sieve extrudates. After extruding a mixture containing about 40-60% zeolites with the remainder being a metakaolin clay that has mixed with it about 90-120% of the stoichiometric amount of sodium hydroxide to convert the clay to a zeolite, the extruded particles are allowed to dry age under dry, bulk conditions in a container during which time autogeneous heat develops and most of the clay is converted to the zeolite. A further heat treatment in a dilute caustic aqueous solution may be used to insure complete crystallization with subsequent washing and calcination to produce an adsorbent product.

Abstract: Highly pure (>99.99%) aqueous solutions of gallium chloride are obtained by (i) liquid/liquid extracting an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of gallium values with an organic phase which comprises a quaternary ammonium chloride extractant, (ii) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase, (iii) selectively washing said organic phase by intimately contacting same with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to remove any remaining impurities, whereby purified gallium values are transferred from said organic phase into an aqueous solution thereof, and (iv) then separating said organic phase from said resulting aqueous phase, whereby said aqueous phase comprises pure gallium chloride.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the recovery of indium contained as an impurity in aqueous solutions in concentrations less than 1 gram per liter, by extracting indium from an aqueous solution by contacting with a first phase, which consists of a diester of phosphoric acid. The diester of phosphoric acid extracts indium in proportionally greater quantities relative to the extraction of other metals present in the aqueous solution. The extracted indium is stripped from the first phase by contacting the first phase with a stripping phase.

Abstract: Highly pure (>99.99%) aqueous solutions of gallium chloride are obtained by (i) liquid/liquid extracting an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of gallium values with an organic phase which comprises an alcohol extractant, (ii) separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase, (iii) selectively washing said organic phase by intimately contacting same with water or with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, (iv) next transferring the purified gallium values from said organic phase into an aqueous solution thereof, and (v) thence separating said organic phase from said resulting aqueous phase, whereby said aqueous phase comprises pure gallium chloride.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of alumina and ferric oxide from low-grade aluminium and iron carriers. The processes, in addition to conventional technological steps, comprises the steps of dissolving the iron content of a ground, mineral material in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 200 to 420 g./lit. of hydrochloric acid at 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., eliminating the iron from the slurry of from a solution obtained by filtration of the slurry, with an anion exchange resin or semipermeable membrane or cloth, continuously or discontinuously, eluting the iron from the ion exchange resin and recycling hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in a closed system.

Abstract: A zeolite containing catalyst which is associated with finely dispersed metal is formed by decomposing a compound, whose anion contains a metal and a (CN) radical, which has been deposited on the host catalyst.