Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful in removing, lowering the amount of, or otherwise controlling hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans. The compositions and methods can be used in any industry where hydrogen sulfide poses problems, such as when dealing with crude oil based, natural gas based, and/or coal based products. The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that can reduce the amount of or eliminate hydrogen sulfide in a variety of mediums.

Abstract: A first process and sorbent for removing ammonia from a gaseous environment, the sorbent comprised of graphene oxide having supported thereon at least one compound selected from metal salts, metal oxides and acids, each of which is capable of adsorbing ammonia. A second process and sorbent system for removing ammonia and a volatile organic compound from a gaseous environment; the sorbent system comprised of two graphene-based materials: (a) the aforementioned graphene oxide, and (b) a nitrogen and oxygen-functionalized graphene. The sorbents are regenerable under a pressure gradient with little or no application of heat. The processes are operable through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and are applicable to purifying and revitalizing air contaminated with ammonia and organic compounds as may be found in spacesuits, aerospace cabins, underwater vehicles, and other confined-entry environments.

Abstract: A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

Abstract: Methods for making sulfide scavenging compositions are provided. The method comprises reducing a settling velocity of the sulfide scavenging composition in a fluid stream by adjusting the specific gravity of the sulfide scavenging composition to within about fifteen percent or less of the specific gravity of the fluid stream. Sulfide scavengers using the above method are also disclosed. Methods for removing sulfides from fluid streams are also provided. The methods include adding the above sulfide scavengers to fluid streams.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for regenerating the loaded scrubbing medium in a physical gas scrub in which at least materials of a first type and a second type are scrubbed out of a gas mixture, where predominantly materials of the first type are separated off from scrubbing medium loaded with materials of the first type and the second type by stripping at elevated pressure and a loaded scrubbing medium enriched in materials of the second type and also a gas phase that is made up of the stripping gas used in stripping and the materials separated off from the loaded scrubbing medium are obtained. The loaded scrubbing medium enriched in materials of the second type by means of stripping is depressurized and subsequently fed to a separator in order to obtain a flash gas.

Abstract: A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.

Abstract: Treatment of streams containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, and in one non-limiting embodiment refinery distillates, with alkyl carbonates, such as dimethylcarbonate, alone or together with at least one solvent results in reduction or removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that is present to give easily removed alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans. In one non-limiting embodiment, the treatment converts the original hydrogen sulfide into alkyl sulfides and/or mercaptans that can be extracted from the stream with caustic solutions, mercaptan scavengers, solid absorbents such as clay or activated carbon or liquid absorbents such as amine-aldehyde condensates and/or aqueous aldehydes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a CO2 gas separation membrane containing: at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate, and an alkali metal hydroxide; a crosslinked polymer in which a polymer having a carboxyl group has been crosslinked; and a non-crosslinked polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A system for conditioning a sour gas feed stream for a cryogenic distillation tower. A dehydration unit separates the sour gas feed stream into a first stream including water and a feed stream. A sequential cooling assembly is coupled to both the dehydration unit and the cryogenic distillation tower. The sequential cooling assembly includes: a first stage that separates the feed stream into a partially cooled feed stream and a second stream including acid gas; a second stage that cools the partially cooled feed stream into a cooled feed stream and a third stream including acid gas; and a cooled feed stream header coupled to a cryogenic distillation tower feed inlet. The first stage, the second stage, or both send at least one of the second and third streams to a bottom section of the cryogenic distillation tower.

Abstract: A gas recovery system separates a mixed gas including a process gas and an inert gas. The gas recovery system includes a cooling section for cooling and liquefying the process gas contained in the mixed gas by cooling the mixed gas at a temperature higher than a condensation temperature of the inert gas and lower than a condensation temperature of the process gas, a separating section for separating the cooled mixed gas into the process gas in a liquid state and the inert gas in a gas state, and a process gas recovery line that is connected to the separating section which circulates and gasifies the liquid-state process gas and then supplies the process gas into the a compressor. The mixed gas is formed by mixing the process gas, which is compressed by the compressor, and the inert gas, which is supplied to a seal portion of the compressor.

Abstract: A method of treating oil and gas streams to remove total organic sulfur or total acid gas including the step of treating the gas stream with a solution of an amine, physical solvent, and water wherein the amine solution may optionally also contain an activator.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to one or more compositions and methods for inhibiting the formation of gas hydrate agglomerates in a fluid. The fluid may be contained, for example, in an oil or gas pipeline or refinery.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation method including the steps of: feeding a mixed gas that contains at least carbon dioxide and water vapor to a carbon dioxide separation membrane that contains a hydrophilic resin and a carbon dioxide carrier; separating, from the mixed gas, a permeation gas that contains the carbon dioxide by use of the carbon dioxide separation membrane; adjusting temperature of gas which contacts the carbon dioxide separation membrane so that a temperature difference between the mixed gas and the permeation gas is not lower than 0° C. and not higher than 20° C.; and adjusting pressure of the permeation gas, the pressure of the permeation gas and water vapor partial pressure in the mixed gas satisfying the following formula (1): 2.5 kPaA<(pressure of permeation gas)<(water vapor partial pressure in mixed gas) . . . (1).

Abstract: A solvent for recovery of carbon dioxide from gaseous mixture, having alkanolamine, reactive amines acting as promoter or activators, glycol, and a carbonate buffer. A solvent for recovery of carbon dioxide from gaseous mixture, having alkanolamine, reactive amines acting as promoter or activators, sulfolane, and a carbonate buffer. One specific solvent contains less than about 75% by weight of water and has a single liquid phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a CO2 gas separation membrane containing: at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal bicarbonate, and an alkali metal hydroxide; a crosslinked polymer in which a polymer having a carboxyl group has been crosslinked; and a non-crosslinked polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A hybrid method for capturing CO2 from a gas mixture is provided, comprising a step of contacting the CO2 containing gas mixture with a slurry consisting of a liquid medium, imidazole or imidazole derivative(s), and a metal-organic framework material (MOFs). For the slurry system, the mass fraction of the imidazole or imidazole derivative(s) in it ranging from 2 to 50% and the mass fraction of the metal-organic framework material in it ranging from 5 to 25%. In the technical solution provided in the present invention, through combining absorptive separation by the liquid solution in which the imidazole or imidazole derivative(s) is dissolved, adsorption separation by the MOF material suspended in the solution, and selective permeation separation by a liquid medium film forms on the outside surface of the suspended MOFs, an absorption-adsorption hybrid separation effect for CO2 gas mixtures is efficiently achieved.

Abstract: This binder for use in a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery contains a copolymer of both vinyl alcohol and an alkali-metal-neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen comprising receiving a sour gas comprising CO2, H2S, and ammonia from a sour water stripper; introducing the sour gas to an absorption system to produce an ammonia rich gas and a sulfide rich gas, wherein the ammonia rich gas comprises ammonia and CO2, and wherein the sulfide rich gas comprises H2S and CO2; compressing the ammonia rich gas in a compressing unit to a pressure of 400-600 psig to produce a compressed ammonia rich gas; introducing the compressed ammonia rich gas to an ammonia cracker unit comprising a catalyst to produce a cracked gas, wherein the ammonia cracker unit is characterized by a cracking temperature of 450-550° C., and wherein the cracked gas comprises hydrogen, nitrogen, and CO2; and introducing the cracked gas to a PSA unit to produce hydrogen and a PSA tail gas, wherein the PSA tail gas comprises nitrogen and CO2.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating a hydrocarbon feed gas stream containing at least CO2 and H2S to recover a high quality purified CO2 gas stream, comprising a. Separating said hydrocarbon feed gas stream into a sweetened hydrocarbon gas stream, and an acid gas stream; b. Introducing said gas stream into a Claus unit, c. Introducing the tail gas into a hydrogenation reactor and then into a quench contactor of the Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU); d. Contacting said tail gas stream with a non-selective amine-based solvent into a non-selective acid gas absorption unit of the TGTU; e. Sending the off gas to an incinerator; f. Contacting said enriched gas stream (vii) with a selective H2S-absorption solvent into a selective H2S-absorption unit thereby recovering a highly purified CO2 gas stream and a H2S-enriched gas stream, as well as the device for carrying said method.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, reacting reactants comprising a ferric/ferrous chelate and a sour gas stream.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for separating a target substance from a fluid or mixture. Capsules having a coating and stripping solvents encapsulated in the capsules are provided. The coating is permeable to the target substance. The capsules having a coating and stripping solvents encapsulated in the capsules are exposed to the fluid or mixture. The target substance migrates through the coating and is taken up by the stripping solvents. The target substance is separated from the fluid or mixture by driving off the target substance from the capsules.

Abstract: A method for removing SOx from a gas by using a compound alcohol-amine solution is provided. The compound alcohol-amine solution is made by mixing ethylene glycol and/or polyethylene glycol with hydroxyl and/or carboxyl organic compound having basic group containing nitrogen. The compound alcohol-amine solution is contacted with the gas containing SOx to absorb the SOx in the gas, wherein x=2 and/or 3. The compound alcohol-amine solution with absorbed SOx is regenerated by one or more of heating method, vacuum method, gas stripping method, ultrasonic method, microwave method, and radiation method to release by-products of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, and the regenerated compound alcohol-amine solution is recycled for use. This method can be used for removing SOx from flue gas, burning gas, coke-oven gas, synthesis waste gas from dyestuff plants, sewage gas from chemical fiber plants, and other industrial raw material gases or waste gases containing SOx.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous alkanolamine solution for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen sulfide. The aqueous alkanolamine solution comprises (i) an amino compound with the formula: R1R2NCH2CH(OH)CH2OH wherein R1 and R2 independently represent lower alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, (ii) piperazine, and (iii) optionally a physical solvent, wherein said solution does not contain a strong acid. Further, the present invention relates to a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gaseous mixture containing hydrogen sulfide, and additionally other acid gases, if present, for example carbon dioxide, comprising the step of contacting the gaseous mixture contain hydrogen sulfide with the aqueous alkanolamine solution, preferably wherein the temperature of the aqueous alkanolamine solution is equal to or greater than 140° F. Examples of the gaseous mixtures include natural gas, synthesis gas, tail gas, and refinery gas.

Abstract: Plants, processes, and methods for reducing the H2S and CO2 contents of shale gasses from fields that produce shale gasses having varying H2S and CO2 contents are provided. Acid gas enters an absorber and is scrubbed using a lean physical solvent, producing a treated gas and a rich physical solvent. The H2S content of the treated gas is further reduced in an amine absorber, producing a pipeline gas and a semi-lean amine. The pipeline gas contains lower levels of H2S and CO2 than gas produced using a polishing bed. A physical solvent regeneration unit regenerates the lean physical solvent from the rich physical solvent for feeding into the absorption unit. An amine regeneration unit regenerates the lean amine from the semi-lean amine for feeding into the amine absorber. Contemplated plants may further comprise a Claus Unit or a Redox unit for oxidizing H2S to elemental sulfur.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for treating a hydrocarbon feed gas stream containing at least CO2 and H2S to recover a high quality purified CO2 gas stream, comprising a. Separating said hydrocarbon feed gas stream into a sweetened hydrocarbon gas stream, and an acid gas stream; b. Introducing said gas stream into a Claus unit, c. Introducing the tail gas into a hydrogenation reactor and then into a quench contactor of the Tail Gas Treatment Unit (TGTU); d. Contacting said tail gas stream with a non-selective amine-based solvent into a non-selective acid gas absorption unit of the TGTU; e. Sending the off gas to an incinerator; f. Contacting said enriched gas stream (vii) with a selective H2S-absorption solvent into a selective H2S-absorption unit thereby recovering a highly purified CO2 gas stream and a H2S-enriched gas stream, as well as the device for carrying said method.

Abstract: The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. It provides a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. More specifically it discloses a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. It introduces a use of a novel combination of wash approaches for this application. As a specific application, this process is utilized as a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, reacting reactants comprising a ferric/ferrous chelate and a sour gas stream.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material, in the form of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor and/or catalyst. The invention also extends to the use of a catalyst precursor and/or catalyst prepared by the method according to the invention in a hydrocarbon synthesis process, preferably, a Fischer Tropsch synthesis process. According to this invention, a method for the preparation of a hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst material includes the steps of treating Fe(II) carboxylate in solution with an oxidizing agent to convert it to Fe(III) carboxylate in solution under conditions which ensure that such oxidation does not take place simultaneously with any dissolution of Fe(0); and hydrolyzing the Fe(III) carboxylate solution resulting from step (iii) and precipitating one or more Fe(III) hydrolysis products.

Abstract: The use of a composition including a transition metal salt and at least one water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over the case where each component is used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of a water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor is ethylene glycol hemiformal.

Abstract: Polymeric compounds containing polymer backbones functionalized with ion-specific recognition elements and methods for the use of these compounds are described herein. The polymeric compounds may contain multiple types of ion-specific recognition elements depending on a specific application. The polymeric compounds can be used to remove ionic species from a solution, for example, in separations applications in which a single or multiple types of ionic species are desired to be removed from the solution.

Abstract: A method of capturing carbon dioxide, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a cellulosic material which carries an amino compound; and (b) contacting the cellulosic material with a composition comprising carbon dioxide; wherein a portion of the heat energy produced in step (b) is captured.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a process that can be used to remove sulfur dioxide other environmentally hazardous contaminants from a gaseous waste stream while at the same time providing a source of purified water. The process can be used for the desalination of sea or brackish water, or for the concentration of contaminated waste water. The method comprises feeding a gaseous waste stream that comprises sulfur dioxide into a diffusion tower. Feed water is sprayed onto a packing material in the diffusion tower to form a thin film of feed water on a surface of the packing material. Sulfur dioxide diffuses into the thin film of feed water to form water that contains sulfur dioxide. The gaseous waste stream is simultaneously humidified. The humidified gaseous waste stream is then subjected to direct contact condensation to obtain purified water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separation or purification of gaseous streams by removal of acid gases using a liquid amine solution. The process involves the steps of —contacting the gaseous stream with liquid lean amine solution in at least one continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c); —removing a sweetened gaseous flow from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10); —removing rich amine from said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c) for regeneration; —passing rich amine solution through at least one flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; —removing acid gases and vapor from said flash tank stripper 20; 20a, 20b; 20c; —removing lean amine from said flash tank stripper for recirculation to said continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (10; 10a, 10b; 10c).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carbonizing carbon dioxide, comprising the step of contacting carbon dioxide with a solution of chelating agent or a solution of substance which exhibits chelating properties under dynamic conditions to generate oxygen and carbon particles. The method of the invention is significantly more economical and convenient and do not cause harm to the environments. The invention also exhibits a novel and unique feature that elemental carbon and oxygen are generated as final products under normal room temperature and atmosphere, and the carbon can be recovered as an energy source.

Abstract: An ionic liquid solvent and gas purification method using the same are provided. The ionic liquid solvent consists of a main absorbent, a regulator for the main absorbent, an auxiliary absorbent, an activator, an antioxidant and water. The ionic liquid involves a low synthetic cost, low viscosity and high absorption capacity, and can be easily regenerated and recycled. The method, compared with traditional processes, has advantages such as a greater absorption capability and lower operation cost.

Abstract: Ionic liquids containing a cation with a potentially nucleophilic carbon atom bearing a relatively acidic hydrogen atom bonded to a potentially nucleophilic carbon atom, typically in the conjugated —NC(H)N— structure or a —NC(H)S— structure of imidazolium, imidazolidinium or thiazolium salts, can be capable of acting as sorbents for CO2 in cyclic separation processes. The ionic liquid may be used on its own, mixed with a solvent, preferably an aprotic, polar, non-aqueous solvent such as toluene, DMSO, NMP or sulfolane, or in conjunction with a non-nucleophilic nitrogenous base promoter compound having a pKa of at least 10.0 such as a carboxamidine or a guanidine.

Abstract: Ionic liquids are capable of acting as solvents for amine CO2 absorbent compounds in CO2 separation processes and when so used enhance the sorption of the CO2 by the amine. A cyclic sorption process for separating CO2 from a gas stream, such as flue gas or natural gas, brings the gas stream into contact with an absorbent solution of an amine CO2 sorbent in an ionic liquid solvent followed by desorbing the CO2 to regenerate the amine.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for sampling gas in a flue gas stream (31) of an incineration furnace (1) or another CO2-containing gas stream. The method comprises sampling CO2 from the flue gas stream (31) of the incineration furnace (1) and storing CO2 from the flue gas stream (31) in a storage device (5). The storage device comprises a solid, preferably silica- or alumina-based CO2 storage material, which can be regenerated. The method further preferably involves transporting the storage device (5) to an analysis site (10) comprising an apparatus for 14C analysis, retrieving at least part of th stored CO2 from the storage device (5) and determining, based on the 14C analysis, the ratio of biomass-derived and fossil-derived CO2 in the flue gas stream (31).

Abstract: This invention relates to sulfur based compounds useful in methods of carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide removal.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for removal of hydrogen sulfide from gaseous mixtures. The process involves the use of a mixture of a physical absorption solvent and an ionic liquid. The mixtures provided improved absorption of hydrogen sulfide, when compared to physical absorption solvents without the ionic liquid at low partial pressures of hydrogen sulfide. A regeneration cycle involving the addition of a solvent, such as water, is used to regenerate the mixture.

Abstract: A system, method, and material that enables the pressure-activated reversible chemical capture of acid gasses such as CO2 from gas volumes such as streams, flows or any other volume. Once the acid gas is chemically captured, the resulting product typically a zwitterionic salt, can be subjected to a reduced pressure whereupon the resulting product will release the captures acid gas and the capture material will be regenerated. The invention includes this process as well as the materials and systems for carrying out and enabling this process.

Abstract: A highy alkalized humic and fulvic filter reagent for the removal of multiple contaminants from a gas is provided. The contaminants removed from the gas stream may include, but are not limited to, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Hydrogen Sulfides, radionuclides, mercaptans, ammonia, toxic metals, particulates, volatile vapors, and organics. The present invention further includes the disposal of the filter reagent by way of using the highly alkalized humic and fulvic filter for soil fertility, releasing the carbon dioxide from the filter reagent , converting the liquid filter reagent into a solid for disposal or for use as a contaminant removal filter for waters, wastes, and chemicals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are scavenging compounds and compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the compounds and compositions as scavengers, particularly in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas.

Abstract: Methods and systems for capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods systems include the following: capturing carbon dioxide from atmospheric air using a reusable filter device; collecting and storing carbon dioxide captured by the filter device in a sub-ocean reservoir; regenerating the reusable filter device, which includes collecting the carbon dioxide captured by the reusable filter device; and generating a renewable energy using a renewable energy source for use in the method. The reusable filter device, the renewable energy source, and the sub-ocean reservoir are substantially co-located.

Abstract: A method is provided for replacing at least a portion of the organic linker content of a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition. The method comprises exchanging the organic linker with another organic linker. Also provided is a new material, designated as EMM-19, and a method of using EMM-19 to adsorb gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for reversible capture and release of carbon dioxide comprises the steps of providing a solution of a defined tetranuclear complex or mixture thereof, in which absorption sites are provided by coordinated solvent molecules such as water molecules. The solution is exposed to the atmosphere or to a gas stream containing carbon dioxide to sequester carbon dioxide, and the pH of the resultant reaction mixture is adjusted to facilitate the release of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method for separating a target gas from a gaseous mixture using 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids is presented. Industrial effluent streams may be cleaned by removing carbon dioxide from the stream by contacting the effluent stream with a 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquid compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream gas stream, comprising the steps: a) providing a first mercaptan-comprising gas stream comprising at least a mercaptan of the general formula: R1—SH, wherein R1 is an alkyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and b) contacting the mercaptan-comprising gas stream with an absorption medium comprising a substituted disulphide and a nitrogen-containing base to obtain a second mercaptan-depleted gas stream, wherein: the substituted disulphide is of the general formula R2—SS—R3 wherein: R2 and R3 are carbon comprising substituents of which the corresponding R2—SH and R3—SH thiols have a vapor pressure below the vapor pressure of any R1—SH thiol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream. In the process, a first mercaptan-comprising gas stream comprising at least a mercaptan of the general formula: R1—SH, wherein R1 is an alkyl group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an acid component is contacted with an absorption medium to obtain a mercaptan-depleted gas stream. The absorption medium includes a substituted disulphide and a base. The substituted disulphide is of the general formula R2—SS—R3, wherein R2 and R3 are carbon comprising substituents of which the corresponding R2—SH and R3—SH thiols have a vapor pressure below the vapor pressure of any R1—SH thiol, and at least one of R2 and R3 is an electron withdrawing group.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising mixing a substantially non-aqueous solvent and an alkali such that the solvent and alkali form a solvent suspension, mixing water and a flue gas containing carbon dioxide with the solvent suspension such that a reaction occurs, the reaction resulting in the formation of a carbonate, water and heat.