Abstract: A process for manufacturing a catalyst body for generating hydrogen having at least one thin, large-surface catalyst layer, through which the reaction mixture can be passed includes steps of pressing a copper powder (particularly dendritic copper) to form a thin and highly compressed layer which forms a formed body, sintering, the formed body in a reducing atmosphere so that a net-type carrier structure made of copper is formed, and activating a surface layer of the formed body.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of copper from an aqueous phase containing nitrate ions, in which the aqueous phase is contacted with a solution of an oxime extractant in a water-immiscible organic solvent, which comprises using at least one of the following process variants: I) reducing the acidity of the aqueous phase prior to contact with the organic solution; and II) reducing the electromotive force in the aqueous phase prior to contact with the organic solution.

Abstract: A process for the flocculation of impurities from clays in which the following steps are performed: blunging the clay with a dispersing agent or combination of dispersing agents in water to form an aqueous dispersion, treating the aqueous dispersion with at least one aliphatic or aromatic hydroxamic acid or salt conditioning agent, flocculating the conditioned dispersion with a water soluble or water dispersible organic polymer containing hydroxamic acid groups or salts thereof, and removing the flocculated impurities to form a purified clay dispersion.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of one or more metal values from a metal ore material comprising those of one or more values and a matrix material having a sulfur content wherein the sulfur is present in an oxidation-reduction state of zero or less comprising a. forming particulates from particles of said ore and an inoculate comprising bacteria capable of at least partially oxidizing the sulfur content; b. forming a heap of said particulates; c. biooxidizing the sulfur content and d. recovering those one or more metal values.

Abstract: An ore separation process is provided which begins with a specially designed primary grinding mill. The primary grinding mill grinds the ore into a fine powder which is then blown into the primary sizing baghouse which separates the smaller particles from the larger particles. The oversized particles are channeled to the secondary grinding mill where they are ground again and blown to the secondary sizing baghouse. The grinding process is repeated until all the ore is the proper size. Once the ore has been ground to the proper size it is sent to the ore-roasting oven where it is mixed with a precise amount of air where it is flash heated which initiates the process of separating the values from the wastes. From the ore-roasting oven, the heated ore is channeled to the quench chambers where it is cooled very quickly which results in the breaking up of the ore into its constituent components.

Abstract: A Cu(hfac) precursor with a substituted phenylethylene ligand has been provided. The substituted phenylethylene ligand includes bonds to molecules selected from the group consisting of C1 to C6 alkyl, C1 to C6 haloalkyl, C1 to C6 phenyl, H and C1 to C6 alkoxyl. One variation, the &agr;-methylstyrene ligand precursor has proved to be stable a low temperatures, and sufficiently volatile at higher temperatures. Copper deposited with this precursor has low resistivity and high adhesive characteristics. A synthesis method has been provided which produces a high yield of the above-described precursor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for increasing the fluorine content of an olefinic compound of the formula CnHmF2n−m, where n is an integer from 2 to 6 and m is an integer from 1 to 2n. The process involves (a) contacting the olefinic compound with a metal fluoride composition of the formula (AgF)(MF2)x where M is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and mixtures thereof and x is a number from 0 to 1, at a temperature above 200° C. sufficient to transfer F from the metal fluoride composition to the olefinic compound, thereby producing a chemically reduced metal fluoride composition comprising metallic silver; (b) oxidizing the reduced metal fluoride composition from (a) in the presence of HF to regenerate the metal fluoride composition of the formula ((AgF)(MF2)x; and (c) recycling regenerated metal fluoride composition of (b) to (a).

Abstract: Refractory gold ores are roasted in the presence of added fuels in an oxidizing atmosphere in a fluidized bed at a temperature from 450 to 650° C., which is supplied with oxygen-containing gases; to achieve a low ignition and thus low roasting temperature, sulfur, pyrite or mixtures thereof are used as added fuels.

Abstract: An improved process for the beneficiation of mixtures of mineral particles (such as kaolin clays) containing minerals which chelate with hydroxamates. The use of a silicon-containing compound in combination with a hydroxamate results in a more effective separation of minerals which chelate with the hydroxamate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering a metal from a metal containing material by autoclaving with an autoclave which includes an agitator that includes a first inlet for a recycled oxygen-containing gas, a second inlet for a fresh oxygen-containing gas, an impeller having a plurality of outlets to recirculate or introduce the oxygen-containing gases into the slurry and a set of mixing blades located below the outlets to radially disperse gas bubbles substantially uniformly throughout the slurry. The outlets for the gas can be located in an intermediate set of blades for thorough dispersion of the gas bubbles in the slurry.

Abstract: A metal-containing composition contains an organic acid group, a transition metal, an alcohol amine, and water. The alcohol amine is preferably expressed by chemical formula (1):NH.sub.m R1.sub.n (R2OH).sub.3-m-n (1)where R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkyl carbon chain having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m and n are integers of 0 to 2 that satisfy the relationship of (m+n)<3, or by chemical formula (2):NH.sub.2 CR3R4CHR5(CH.sub.2).sub.k OH (2)where R3 is a substituent selected from H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OH and CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, R4 is H or CH.sub.2 OH, R5 is H or CH.sub.3 and k is an integer of 0 to 2. The composition may further contain a water soluble polymer and/or a water soluble poly- or monohydric alcohol. The composition is used for forming an electron-emitting device.

Abstract: Methods for decontaminating toxic waste, particularly solid carrier materials, such as soil contaminated with a toxin, or solid mixed wastes are more efficiently decontaminated with solvated electrons by first extracting the toxin from the carrier with a nitrogenous base at elevated temperatures, followed by a temperature reduction before initiating chemical reduction of the toxin with solvated electrons. Pre-extraction of the toxin at elevated temperatures followed by temperature reduction minimizes competing side reactions, improves selectivity of solvated electrons for the toxin and improves the economics of the process with more efficient metal utilization. The process can be performed without separation of the toxin from the extraction vessel holding the solid carrier material. Alternatively, elevated temperatures can be used to perform one or more extractions of toxin with nitrogenous base followed by reduction with solvated electrons by performing the reaction in a separate reactor.

Abstract: A process which uses selective flocculation with hydroxamates for the beneficiation of mixtures of mineral particles (such as kaolin clays). The increased selectivity of hydroxamates for certain mineral phases within kaolin clays and other mixtures of mineral particles improves the process over selective flocculation processes utilizing other activators.

Abstract: A chemical process apparatus component comprising a high purity, corrosion resistant composite including a continuous carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix having a level of total metal impurity below about 10 ppm, preferably below about 5 ppm. Most preferably, the composite has a level of metal impurity below the detection limit of inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy for the metals Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr and Zn. A process utilizing at least one of the above components for use in a chemical process apparatus, wherein said component is in contact with at least one of i) a high purity material, such as for processing, and ii) a corrosive process media.

Abstract: A method for producing engineered materials from salt/polymer aqueous solutions in which an aqueous continuous phase having at least one metal cation salt is mixed with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase so as to form a metal cation/polymer gel. The metal cation/polymer gel is then treated to form a structural mass precursor, which structural mass precursor is heated, resulting in formation of a structural mass having predetermined characteristics based upon the intended application of the structural mass.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver bromide complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloro-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloride complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A dimeitylarnine silver bromo-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: Provided is a method for treating refractory gold-bearing ores that have both sulfide material with which the gold is associated and from which the gold is difficult to separate and having organic carbonaceous material having an affinity for at least one of gold and a gold complex. The mineral material is pressure oxidized in the presence of a halogen-containing material in a manner to reduce the susceptibility of the organic carbonaceous material to capture and hold gold during the pressure oxidation. Also provided is a gold-bearing effluent product from the pressure oxidation process. The effluent product comprises gold which can be effectively recovered by carbon-in-leach cyanidation of the effluent product. In many cases, gold recovery according to the present invention is increased substantially over standard pressure oxidation techniques.

Abstract: The ore which contains gold and at least one of the metals silver, copper, nickel, zinc or iron is calcined at temperatures in the range from 500.degree. to 900.degree. C. with the addition of oxygen-containing gas, thereby producing a metal-oxide-containing solids mixture and a SO.sub.2 -containing exhaust gas. The SO.sub.2 containing exhaust gas is brought in contact with aqueous solution, thereby producing a sulfite-containing solution. The solids mixture from the calcination is cooled to temperatures in the range from 50.degree. to 300.degree. C. and is stirred up with the sulfite-containing solution. Metal oxides are dissolved, and a sulfate-containing solution os formed. In a first separating zone, the sulfate-containing solution is separated from the solids, and either the solids are supplied to a gold leaching or the sulfate-containing solution is subjected to a further treatment for the separation of nonferrous metals.

Abstract: The quaternary Zintl material (Et.sub.4 N).sub.4 ?Au(Ag.sub.1-x Au.sub.x).sub.2 Sn.sub.2 Te.sub.9 ! that contains 1-D semiconducting chains composed of four metallic elements is prepared by treating ethylenediamine extracts of a pentanary K--Au--Ag--Sn--Te alloy with Et.sub.4 NI.

Abstract: An improved active electrode for use in planar sensors has been discovered, the electrode prepared by a process comprising combining a base component with a metal paste and heating the paste in the presence of air for a time sufficient to oxidize a portion of the electrode to produce the metal/metal oxide electrode. The electrodes may be incorporated into various planar sensor formats, particularly pH and CO.sub.2 sensors.

Abstract: A process for producing nano size powders comprising the steps of mixing an aqueous continuous phase comprising at least one metal cation salt with a hydrophilic organic polymeric disperse phase, forming a metal cation salt/polymer gel, and heat treating the gel at a temperature sufficient to drive off water and organics within the gel, leaving as a residue a nanometer particle-size powder.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibiting composition include the use of certain plant derived catechol complexes in aqueous based compositions, such as process water, and other aqueous and non-aqueous solvent based coating compositions. The compositions have corrosion inhibiting and/or biocide activity. The compositions find particular usefulness as coatings, including paints, on iron and aluminum metal surfaces.

Abstract: A process for leaching gold, silver, platinum and palladium wherein an aqueous leaching solution containing bromine and bromide ion contacts a precious metal source to produce an aqueous leachate. A precursor composition for producing an aqueous leaching solution for leaching gold, silver, platinum and palladium. A process for electrogenerating bromine and a process for leaching gold, silver, platinum and palladium wherein bromine is electrogenerated and contacts a precious metal source to produce an aqueous leachate. A process for leaching gold, silver, platinum and palladium wherein bromine is electrogenerated from a solution containing chloride ions and bromide ions.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is disclosed which comprises: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous ion conductor, the negative electrode including a primary negative-electrode active material of a graphite which is capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, and a secondary negative-electrode active material of a cupric oxide having a low crystallinity.

Abstract: Silicon is employed as a reducing agent in an acid bath to adsorb noble metals present as contaminants in the acid. In the manufacture of silicon devices for electronic memory and other devices, polonium-210 is adsorbed by silicon getters to reduce soft error rate attributable to alpha particle emissions from the radioactive polonium. The noble metals in addition to polonium which can be plated onto silicon using the disclosed method are gold, silver, platinum, copper, palladium, mercury, selenium and bismuth.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cathode having as active material silver vanadium oxide formed by chemical addition, reaction or otherwise intimate contact of a silver-containing component and a vanadium-containing compound to form a mixed metal oxide bronze that is thermally treated and rapidly cooled to form an amorphous product. The method of the present invention provides an alternate preparation technique for improving chemical control in the formation of a cathode for incorporation into an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method of producing a water soluble copper silicate by reacting a copper salt with an alkali silicate in an acidic solvent to produce an aqueous solution of acidified copper silicate capable of being used as a fungicide or pesticide.

Abstract: An agent for treating metal ions in an aqueous solution, comprising a solid porous carrier and, supported thereon, an organic reagent (hereinafter referred to as a "redox reagent") which is capable of converting metal ions (inclusive of metal complex ions) contained in an aqueous solution to zero valent metal or monovalent metal ions by a redox reaction and which is capable of carrying out oxidation-reduction reversibly.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cathode having as active material silver vanadium oxide formed by chemical addition, reaction or otherwise intimate contact of elemental silver and a vanadium-containing compound present in an anhydrous mixture, is described. The present invention provides alternate preparation techniques for improving chemical control in the formation of a cathode for incorporation into an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for roasting gold containing ore in which a flash furnace means is provided, in particular a gas suspension furnace for roasting the ore. Hot gas and the gold containing ore to be roasted are supplied to the furnace means, wherein the hot gas roasts the ore within the furnace means at temperatures between about 500.degree. C. and 700.degree. C. while the ore is suspended in the hot gas, after which the roasted ore is discharged from the furnace means along with the hot gas. In the apparatus of the present the ore to be calcined may optionally be preheated, prior to the ore entering the furnace means, by suspending the fresh ore in hot gas.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one precious metal from an ore containing carbonaceous material is disclosed. The process involves the use of certain plant derived ortho-quinone containing components, in particular, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality.Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone functionality. In the process, the use of at least one additional oxidant capable of maintaining the ortho-quinone containing functionality in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for extracting simultaneously metal values from foundry sands, said apparatus comprising a thermostated column which is in flow communication with a controlled air supply source and with a heating system arranged to keep said column at a predetermined temperature; said column is adapted to receive the necessary components to form an aqueous pulp from which the metal values are to be extracted, and has a device for finely dividing the airflow coming from the supply source in order to obtain a suitable suspension and homogenization of said pulp.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one precious metal from an ore containing metal sulfide material is disclosed. The process involves the use of promoting amounts of certain plant derived ortho-quinone containing components, in particular, certain lignin and/or tannin derived components containing ortho-quinone functionality. Preferred compositions comprise at least one ligno sulfonate component containing ortho-quinone functionality. In the process, the use of at least one additional oxidant capable of maintaining the ortho-quinone containing functionality in the desired oxidation state provides for integrated process synergy.

Abstract: Platinum group metals, gold and silver are extracted from complex ores, automobile scrap, refractory ores and as naturally occurring by leaching the precious metal containing materials with a solution containing halogen salts such as potassium or sodium iodide and bromide in the presence of ammonium ions and oxygen. The precious metal containing materials and reactants are charged into a reaction zone held at high temperatures and pressures to form a slurry containing a precious metal ion solution. The precious metal ion solution is separated from the slurry and subjected to recovering techniques to recover the precious metals.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous processes which create new chemical compositions of matter prepared by reacting, in the presence of aqueous ammonia or other source of reactive NH.sub.2 groups, an alkali metal hydroxide to raise pH above 12, and further reacting with the addition of a mineral acid. The reactants are added as quickly as possible to obtain a highly exothermic reaction which, when reacted in the described manner will then contain ammonia in solution and form new polymeric water complexes. The mineral acid can be selected from, a phosphorus species, or a halogen species, or a nitrogen species, or a sulfur species, or a carbon species, or a combination of these acid species.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation and the isolation of p-hydroxybenzonitrile (HBN), in which a p-halogenated phenol is reacted with cuprous cyanide in a suitable solvent, the reaction mixture obtained after the reaction of the p-halogenated phenol with cuprous cyanide has been substantially completed is contacted with an aqueous solution of a bromide salt and, optionally, an organic diluent, the aqueous and organic phases are separated, HBN is distilled out from the organic phase, an alkali metal cyanide is added to the aqueous phase and CuCN is filtered off from the resulting aqueous phase.

Abstract: A novel composition for use in reducing and recovering metals, such as silver, and for use in stripping adhesive polymer layers from various polymer bases, such as polyester, and processes for using same are provided. The composition and variations thereof can be useful in separating an adhesive polymeric layer from the film for recovery of either. The composition comprises a reducing sugar/alkaline solution that is particularly useful for recovering silver from polyester photographic film where a silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layer is adhered to the polyester film by a polymeric adhesive resin, such as resins containing copolymers of polyvinylidene chloride and polyvinyl chloride. Processes for separation and recovery are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A method for roasting sulphide ores or ore concentrates containing precious metals is practiced in a furnace, typically in a fluidized bed. The ore and a sulphur-binding lime-containing material are supplied to a roasting furnace in which the ore is roasted with the emission of heat and sulphur dioxide. The lime-containing material--such as calcium hydroxide--is mixed into the cooling water for the roasting furnace and sprayed into the furnace as a lime-containing aqueous slurry. Roasting occurs at about 600-850.degree. C. (e.g. 650-750.degree. C.).Roasted material is discharged from the furnace and acted upon to recover gold, silver and copper metal.

Abstract: In order to produce dustfree silver nitrate which can be readily dosed, silver nitrate is atomized in a molten state. A purity of the silver nitrate of greater than 99%, a pH of 2 to 6, and the exclusion of light during the atomizing are necessary.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel ion-exchange and chelate-exchange resins having improved exchange kinetics for separating chemical species from liquids. The resins are prepared from copolymer beads consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a cross-linking monomer. The copolymer beads are functionalized such that weak-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are most accessible to diffusion into the beads, while hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are least accessible to diffusion. The resins have improved exchange kinetics due to shortened diffusion path lengths for the chemical species being separated and improved diffusion into the resin beads due to the hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties.

Abstract: A process for precipitating solid hydrates of cupric tetrammine sulfate from a solution, wherein the solution contains at least 40 grams per liter of free ammonia, at least 50 grams per liter of ammonium sulfate and wherein the temperature of the solution is less than 21.degree. C. The hydrates of cupric tetrammine sulfate can be converted to additional useful copper compounds.

Abstract: A method of removing or of accumulating heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution by contacting the latter with an ethylene copolymer, in which a copolymer of ethylene with (meth)acrylic acid and a (meth)acrylate is used, in which the carboxyl groups may be neutralized by metal ions to an extent of 100% or less.

Abstract: A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a Cu--Mg alloy containing not less than about 25% by weight Mg at a temperature in the range of from about 750.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to precipitate uranium metal and some of the noble metal fission products leaving the Cu--Mg alloy having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and some of the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel.

Abstract: A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels which contain rare earth and noble metal fission products. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of CaCl.sub.2 and a U-Fe alloy containing not less than about 84% by weight uranium at a temperature in the range of from about 800.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. to produce additional uranium metal which dissolves in the U-Fe alloy raising the uranium concentration and having transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals and the noble metal fission products dissolved therein. The CaCl.sub.2 having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein is separated and electrolytically treated with a carbon electrode to reduce the CaO to Ca metal while converting the carbon electrode to CO and CO.sub.2. The Ca metal and CaCl.sub.2 is recycled to reduce additional oxide fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel ion-exchange and chelate-exchange resins having improved exchange kinetics for separating chemical species from liquids. The resins are prepared from copolymer beads consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a cross-linking monomer. The copolymer beads are functionalized such that weak-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are most accessible to diffusion into the beads, while hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties are substituted at haloalkylated sites which are least accessible to diffusion. The resins have improved exchange kinetics due to shortened diffusion path lengths for the chemical species being separated and improved diffusion into the resin beads due to the hydrophilic, strong-base exchange moieties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing wood anti-rot agent of the copper-arsenic precipitate created in the solution purification of copper electrolysis, or of some other corresponding precipitate.

Abstract: A process of separating transuranium actinide values from uranium values present in spent nuclear oxide fuels containing rare earth and noble metal fission products as well as other fission products is disclosed. The oxide fuel is reduced with Ca metal in the presence of Ca chloride and a U-Fe alloy which is liquid at about 800.degree. C. to dissolve uranium metal and the noble metal fission product metals and transuranium actinide metals and rare earth fission product metals leaving Ca chloride having CaO and fission products of alkali metals and the alkali earth metals and iodine dissolved therein. The Ca chloride and CaO and the fission products contained therein are separated from the U-Fe alloy and the metal values dissolved therein.