Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning exhaust gases produced by an ore sintering process in metal production consisting in mixing ores, possibly associated with other metal-containing materials, with a solid fuel, in sintering said materials by simulataneously combusting said solid fuel and in carrying out a distillation process. In such a way that NOx is removed and the effects of other aggressive components, in particular SO2, on a catalyst are limited or removed at a large degree.

Abstract: In operating the carbon monoxide removal reactor or the fuel reforming system, there is provided a technique for removing carbon monoxide in a stable manner for an extended period of time. In a method of removing carbon monoxide including an introducing step of introducing a reactant gas including mixture gas and an oxidizer added thereto to a carbon monoxide removal reactor forming in its casing a catalyst layer comprising a carbon monoxide removal catalyst for removing carbon monoxide contained in the mixture gas and a removing step of removing the carbon monoxide by causing the oxidizer to react with the mixture gas on the carbon monoxide removal catalyst, in said introducing step, the reactant gas of 100° C. or lower is introduced to the carbon monoxide removal reactor.

Abstract: This present invention provides the preparation of a manganese oxide-cerium oxide-supported nano-gold catalyst and a process for subjecting carbon monoxide and oxygen to interaction resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide in a hydrogen-rich environment by a manganese oxide-cerium oxide-supported nano-gold catalyst to remove carbon monoxide in hydrogen stream. The size of the nano-gold particle is less than 5 nm and supported on mixed oxides MnO2/CeO2 in various molar ratios. Preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of CO, O2 and H2 by the manganese oxide-cerium oxide-supported nano-gold catalyst is carried out in a fixed-bed reactor in the process of the present invention. The CO/O2 molar ratio is in the range of 0.5 to 3. The manganese oxide-cerium oxide-supported nano-gold catalyst of the present invention is applied to reduce CO concentration in hydrogen steam to less than 100 ppm to prevent CO from contaminating the electrodes of a fuel cell.

Abstract: A fired equipment system and process for operating same is provided that combines stationary industrial burner technology and a catalyst bed that converts pollutants formed during combustion of fuel and air in the burner to yield stack gases that need no further treatment before discharge to the atmosphere. The system and process disclosed reduces CO, NOx and VOC's by at least 90 to 95%.

Abstract: A fuel processor system is provided including an autothermal reactor (ATR), a pressure swing adsorber (PSA) located downstream of the ATR, and a methanation reactor located downstream of the PSA. A method of operating of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack involves cooling the methanator output and feeding it into the stack as an anode fuel.

Abstract: A PROX reactor integrated with a heat exchanger and an operating method thereof capable of effectively controlling temperature of a preferential oxidation reactor so as to obtain optimal activation and yield. The PROX reactor integrated with a heat exchanger of the present invention includes a pipe having an inlet and an outlet, a heat exchanger cooling gas passing through the pipe, a catalyst part positioned at the rear end of the heat exchanger, upon considering the flow of gas, and shifting carbon monoxide contained in the gas into other substances; and a temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the gas coming out through the catalyst part.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst (TWC) composition comprises a manganese-containing oxygen storage component (OSC) and at least one optionally doped alumina wherein where the at least one alumina is gamma-alumina it is doped with at least one of a rare earth metal, silicon, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, calcium, strontium or barium.

Abstract: Disclosed are a carbon monoxide remover and a fuel cell reformer including the same. In the reformer, a reformed gas produced from a reforming reaction unit when the reformer is initially driven is used as a fuel for a heat source unit supplying heat to a water gas shift reaction unit. The carbon monoxide remover is connected to the reforming reaction unit that changes fuel into reformed gas with hydrogen. The carbon monoxide remover lowers carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas. The carbon monoxide remover includes a heat source unit employing the reformed gas as a fuel; and a water gas shift reaction unit provided with a shift catalyst using heat from the heat source unit. The shift catalyst lowers the concentration of carbon monoxide in the reformed gas through reaction between water and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment apparatus (20) for reducing the concentration of NOx, HC and CO in an exhaust gas stream (18) such as produced by a gas turbine engine (12) of a power generating station (10). The treatment apparatus includes a multifunction catalytic element (26) having an upstream reducing-only portion (28) and a downstream reducing-plus-oxidizing portion (30) that is located downstream of an ammonia injection apparatus (24). The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx is promoted in the upstream portion of the catalytic element by the injection of ammonia in excess of the stoichiometric concentration, with the resulting ammonia slip being oxidized in the downstream portion of the catalytic element. Any additional NOx generated by the oxidation of the ammonia is further reduced in the downstream portion before being passed to the atmosphere (22).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are taught for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide in a source of gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. A gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen is fed into a membrane reactor (10, 50, 60) capable of selectively absorbing the carbon monoxide. Preferably, the reactor comprises a substantially defect-free zeolite membrane (4) having at one metal that acts as an oxidation catalyst. The zeolite membrane (4) may be supported on a porous ceramic support (2, 52, 61) and the average pore diameter is preferably between about 0.3 nm and about 1.0 nm. Moreover, the substantially defect-free zeolite membrane (4) preferably has a thickness between about 0.1 micron and about 50.0 microns. The at least one metal is preferably capable of selectively oxidizing the carbon monoxide and is preferably platinum. Preferably, the temperature of reactor housing is maintained at about 200-300° C.

Abstract: The invention described herein involves a novel approach to the production of oxidation/reduction catalytic systems. The present invention serves to stabilize the tin oxide reducible metal-oxide coating by co-incorporating at least another metal-oxide species, such as zirconium. In one embodiment, a third metal-oxide species is incorporated, selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, hafnium, and ruthenium. The incorporation of the additional metal oxide components serves to stabilize the active tin-oxide layer in the catalytic process during high-temperature operation in a reducing environment (e.g., automobile exhaust). Moreover, the additional metal oxides are active components due to their oxygen-retention capabilities. Together, these features provide a mechanism to extend the range of operation of the tin-oxide-based catalyst system for automotive applications, while maintaining the existing advantages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a methanation catalyst prepared by depositing Pt and Ru on a metal oxide carrier by incipient wetness impregnation or precipitation deposition, drying and calcining the deposited carrier to obtain a Pt—Ru/metal oxide catalyst. This catalyst can selectively catalyze methanation of CO, wherein hydrogen and CO in a hydrogen-rich reformate or synthesis gas are reacted to form methane and water, thereby the CO concentration in the hydrogen-rich reformate is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for reducing SOx, NOx, and CO emissions from a fluid stream comprising contacting said fluid stream with a compound comprising magnesium and aluminum and having an X-ray diffraction pattern displaying at least a reflection at a two theta peak position at about 43 degrees and about 62 degrees, wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 6:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 10:1. In another embodiment, the invention is directed to methods wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 6:1.

Abstract: Process for the removal of oxygen from a gas mixture comprising oxygen, at least one olefin, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and optionally at least one alkyne, the ratio of oxygen:hydrogen in the gas mixture being 1 part by volume of oxygen to at least 5 parts by volume of hydrogen. The process comprises contacting the gas mixture with a catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions sufficient to oxidise at least a portion of the hydrogen and to oxidize at least a portion of the carbon monoxide and without significant hydrogenation of the at least one olefin. The catalyst comprises at least one metal or oxide of a metal from the 10th group of the Periodic Table of Elements, the metal or oxide of the metal being supported on an oxide support, provided that the catalyst also comprises tin.

Abstract: There are disclosed a selective permeation membrane reactor which includes a selective permeation membrane having an excellent permeation performance and a separation performance with suppresses of methanation reaction of CO2 contained in hydrogen-containing gas to efficiently perform CO methanation reaction and manufacture highly pure hydrogen, and a method of manufacturing a hydrogen gas. The selective permeation membrane reactor includes a CO reducing unit for reducing carbon monoxide contained in concentrated hydrogen-containing gas; and the unit having a methanation catalyst layer which performs a methanation reaction to reduce carbon monoxide contained in the concentrated hydrogen-containing gas, and a reaction temperature control section for controlling temperature of the catalyst layer at 250° C. or more and 350° C. or less, thereby selectively treating carbon monoxide. As the methanation catalyst, Ru carried by a carrier made of alumina may be used.

Abstract: Catalysts are described in which an active catalyst is disposed on a low surface area, oxide support. Methods of forming catalysts are described in which a Cr-containing metal is oxidized to form a chromium oxide layer and an active catalyst is applied directly on the chromium oxide layer. Methods of making new catalysts are described in which the surface is sonicated prior to depositing the catalyst. Catalyst systems and methods of oxidation are also described. The inventive systems, catalysts and methods are, in some instances, characterized by surprisingly superior results.

Abstract: A method of making a composition, said method comprising, spraying a substance comprising platinum and iron into or onto an alumina-containing compound is disclosed. The resulting composition can then be used in a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with free oxygen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing respirable air comprising the following stages: treatment of compressed air comprising an air-drying operation; and rehumidification of the treated dry air. According to the invention, the rehumidification stage of the treated dry air comprises an operation of controlled distribution of the treated dry air on the one hand in a rehumidification line (24), and on the other hand in a dry line (22). The invention also relates to an installation (1) for utilising such a process. Application to the area of nuclear installation dismantling.

Abstract: Gold oxide is precipitated together with iron oxide from a solution containing a gold source and an iron source; the gel formed thereby is washed, dried, ground to a size range of 0.85 mm to 4.25 mm, calcined and activated by passing a hydrogen and oxygen containing gas through it; then used as a catalyst for oxidizing CO to CO2 in the presence of a large excess of hydrogen.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide emissions are reduced in manufacturing processes, including titanium tetrachloride production processes. Gas is contacted with CO, COS, and an oxygen-containing gas with a suitable catalyst. The catalyst may be a metal oxide catalyst containing bismuth, cobalt and nickel, a xerogel or aerogel catalyst containing Au, Rh, Ru and Co in aluminum oxide/oxyhydroxide matrices, or a supported metal catalyst that contains at least one metal from the group Pd, Rh, Ru and Cu. In the latter case, the catalyst support is contains alumina or carbon. A catalyst composite of Au, Rh, Ru and Cr, and cerium oxide and lanthanum oxide may also be used.

Abstract: A particle producing apparatus includes a reaction container, an introduction portion for introducing a source gas and a reaction inhibitor generating gas into the reaction container, an inert gas introduction portion for introducing a carrier gas into the reaction container, a heater provided on the reaction container, and an exhaust portion. The growth of particles is controlled using a particle producing reaction and a reverse reaction.

Abstract: A method of reducing an amount of carbon monoxide in process fuel gas in a water gas shift converter with no methane formation. The method includes placing a high activity water gas shift catalyst system into a water gas shift converter; and passing the process fuel gas through the water gas shift converter in effective contact with the high activity water gas shift catalyst system and converting a portion of the carbon monoxide in the process fuel gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by a water gas shift reaction with no methane formation at a temperature in a range of about 200° C. to about 425° C.

Abstract: In a method for operating a flue gas purification plant (10) including a plurality of parallel of absorber chambers (11), in which in each absorber chamber (11), CO and NO are simultaneously oxidized by a catalyst in a first absorber (15) according to the SCONOx principle and the resulting NO2 is absorbed on the catalyst surface, in which SO2 is furthermore oxidized by a catalyst in a second absorber (14) upstream of the first absorber (15) according to the SCOSOx principle and the resulting SO3 is absorbed on the catalyst surface. The absorber chambers (11) are successively regenerated by a regeneration gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrogen compounds in regularly repeating regeneration cycles affecting all the absorber chambers (11). In order to improve reliability and reduce operating costs in such a method, the regeneration time of the second absorber (14) within the regeneration cycle is respectively selected to be long enough to guarantee sufficient regeneration of the second absorber (14).

Abstract: A method for catalytically cleaning an exhaust gas, including receiving the exhaust gas in an inlet channel, blocking the exhaust gas in the inlet channel, diffusing the exhaust gas through a porous substantially fibrous nonwoven wall of the inlet channel, reacting the exhaust gas with at least one catalyst material to at least partially remove nitrous oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide therefrom, the at least one catalyst material being disposed on the porous wall, trapping particulate matter in the porous substantially fibrous nonwoven wall, receiving the diffused exhaust gas into an outlet channel, and transitioning the exhaust gas from the outlet channel to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalyst for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide comprising manganese and alumina, such catalyst having been impregnated with a phosphorus compound. The presence of the phosphorus compound results in a significant oxidative conversion of both the volatile organic compounds and the carbon monoxide. The catalyst is especially useful for treating gaseous streams that emanate from industrial sources, such as wood pulp manufacturing plants. The manganese portion of the catalyst is preferably comprised of manganese compounds comprising a defect non-stoichiometric manganese oxide of the type ?-Mn3O4+x, wherein x has the value of 0.1?x?0.25 in respect to about 80 to about 95% of all manganese atoms, and manganese aluminate in respect to the balance of the manganese atoms. The alumina portion of the catalyst is preferably comprised of high temperature forms of alumina of the type comprising ?-Al2O3 and (?+?+?)-Al2O3.

Abstract: An apparatus for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow includes a reactor defining a flow path for a reformate flow; at least one catalyst bed disposed along the flow path; and a distributor for distributing oxygen from an oxygen source to the at least one catalyst bed, the distributor including a conduit positioned at least one of upstream of and through the at least one catalyst bed, the conduit having a sidewall permeable to flow of oxygen from within the conduit to the at least one catalyst bed.

Abstract: The current invention provides systems and method for reducing emissions of gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. The invention utilizes at least one catalyst bed and at least one fluidizable bed of sorbent material. The current invention provides for regeneration of the sorbent material without interrupting the catalytic reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for making hydrogen comprising contacting in a water-gas shift reaction zone a feed comprising carbon monoxide and water under water-gas shift conditions with an effective catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising highly dispersed gold on a sulfated zirconia, and collecting from the water-gas shift reaction zone an effluent comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The invention also provides a catalyst composition and a method of making the catalyst. In a specific embodiment the invention provides a method for carrying out the water-gas shift reaction in the fuel processor associated with a fuel cell.

Abstract: An integrated multi-functional catalyst system includes a diesel particulate filter having an inlet side for receiving flow and an opposite outlet side, a substrate in the diesel particulate filter having an interior wall surface and an exterior wall surface, a first washcoat layer applied to the interior wall surface and adjacent the inlet side, and a second washcoat layer applied to the exterior wall surface and adjacent the outlet side, wherein flow distribution through the substrate is dispersed for minimizing back pressure. The diesel particulate filter may be one of a plurality of honeycomb cells.

Abstract: Provided are improved carbon monoxide removal articles and processes for treating hydrogen gas streams to achieve very low threshold levels of carbon monoxide. The articles have a substrate with an inlet end, an outlet end, a length extending between the inlet end to the outlet end, wall elements and a plurality of cells defined by the wall elements. A first layer is deposited on the wall elements from the inlet end and extending at least partially toward the outlet end. The first layer has a preferential carbon monoxide oxidation catalyst. A second layer contains a methanation catalyst, and is deposited on at least part of the first layer from the outlet end. The second layer has a length that is about 10–70% of the substrate length.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying method for a fuel cell vehicle comprises preparing an exhaust gas purifying system for the fuel cell vehicle, the exhaust gas purifying system including a methane removal catalyst for accelerating the conversion of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The methane removal catalyst comprises a catalytic ingredient including at least one of rhodium, platinum and palladium.

Abstract: A gasifier 10 includes a first chemical process loop 12 having an exothermic oxidizer reactor 14 and an endothermic reducer reactor 16. CaS is oxidized in air in the oxidizer reactor 14 to form hot CaSO4 which is discharged to the reducer reactor 16. Hot CaSO4 and carbonaceous fuel received in the reducer reactor 16 undergo an endothermic reaction utilizing the heat content of the CaSO4, the carbonaceous fuel stripping the oxygen from the CaSO4 to form CaS and a CO rich syngas. The CaS is discharged to the oxidizer reactor 14 and the syngas is discharged to a second chemical process loop 52. The second chemical process loop 52 has a water-gas shift reactor 54 and a calciner 42. The CO of the syngas reacts with gaseous H2O in the shift reactor 54 to produce H2 and CO2. The CO2 is captured by CaO to form hot CaCO3 in an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A method for purification of an oxygen contaminated nitrous oxide gas by feeding the nitrous oxide gas and a reducing agent such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or ammonia into a de-oxidation reactor, performing de-oxidation by reacting the reducing agent with oxygen using a catalyst such as palladium or platinum in order to deplete the oxygen in the nitrous oxide gas, while limiting the amount of nitrous oxide removed from the nitrous oxide gas.

Abstract: A gas cleaning system for removing at least a portion of contaminants, such as halides, sulfur, particulates, mercury, and others, from a synthesis gas (syngas). The gas cleaning system may include one or more filter vessels coupled in series for removing halides, particulates, and sulfur from the syngas. The gas cleaning system may be operated by receiving gas at a first temperature and pressure and dropping the temperature of the syngas as the gas flows through the system. The gas cleaning system may be used for an application requiring clean syngas, such as, but not limited to, fuel cell power generation, IGCC power generation, and chemical synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite of cerium, zirconium and samarium components, a catalyst composition containing such composite and the use of the catalyst composition for the treatment of a gas stream to reduce contaminants contained therein. The catalyst composition has the capability of substantially simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with oxygen to carbon dioxide using a composition comprising platinum and iron, a process of at least partially regenerating the composition is disclosed.

Abstract: Perovskite-type catalyst consists essentially of a metal oxide composition and methods of using them are provided. The metal oxide composition is represented by the general formula Aa?xBxMOb, in which A is a mixture of elements originally in the form of single phase mixed lanthanides collected from bastnasite; B is a divalent or monovalent cation; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of elements of an atomic number of from 23 to 30, 40 to 51, and 73 to 80; a is 1 or 2; b is 3 when a is 1 or b is 4 when a is 2; and x is a number defined by 0?x<0.5. Methods of making and using the perovskite-type catalysts are also provided. The perovskite-type catalyst may be used to reduce nitrogen oxides, oxidize carbon monoxide, and oxidize hydrocarbons in an exhaust stream from a motor vehicle. Methods of such a use are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved catalyst compositions, as well as methods of making and using such compositions. In particular, preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise rare earth catalyst supports, catalyst compositions having rare earth supports, and methods of preparing and using the catalysts and supports. Accordingly, the present invention also encompasses an improved method for converting a hydrocarbon containing gas and an oxygen containing gas to a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, i.e., syngas, using the rare earth catalyst supports in accordance with the present invention. In addition, the present invention contemplates an improved method for converting hydrocarbon gas to liquid hydrocarbons using the novel syngas catalyst supports and compositions described herein.

Abstract: A process and composition for selectively adsorbing oxygen from a gaseous mixture. The chemisorption is carried out by a porous three-dimensional transition element complex comprised of intermolecularly bound TEC units, said units further comprised of at least one multidentate ligand forming at least one five- or six-membered chelate ring on each unit.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling NOX emissions from a boiler that combusts carbonaceous fuels. The method includes the steps of (a) introducing carbonaceous fuel and combustion air into a furnace of the boiler for combusting the carbonaceous fuel in oxidizing conditions and producing flue gas including NOX and CO, and (b) leading flue gas from the furnace to a catalyst section in a flue gas channel for converting, free from introducing an external agent for NOX reduction, NOX to N2 and CO to CO2 by using CO as the reductant of NOX on a catalyst in the catalyst section.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for increasing combustion efficiency during combustion of a carbon-containing fuel such as a fossil fuel. The systems and apparatus utilize catalytically reactive particles within a reaction chamber, typically silica or alumina, that interact with waste exhaust gases produced during combustion of the fuel in order to produce a degrading atmosphere of hydroxy radicals or other reactive species. The degrading atmosphere apparently migrates to the source of combustion and increases the efficiency of combustion as evidenced by the reduction or elimination of soot and other pollutants normally produced. Typically, the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 30° C. to about 600° C. Moisture is provided by the waste exhaust gases in order to catalyze formation of hydroxyl radicals by the catalytically reactive particles.

Abstract: A device for selective oxidation of a substance stream comprises a selectively active catalyst. For improving the cold-starting characteristics, the device also has an oxidation catalyst that possesses high activity at low temperatures. The selectively active catalyst is applied as a coating onto one or more surfaces of interior walls of the device. A layer of oxidation catalyst is provided in at least the inlet region where the substance stream enters the device, between the layer of selectively active catalyst and the interior walls of the device.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide from an input gas stream that contains carbon monoxide, oxygen and hydrogen. The process includes the step of contacting the input gas stream with a preferential oxidation catalyst. The preferential oxidation catalysts are copper-based catalysts containing low concentrations of platinum group metals. In some embodiments, the processes of the invention are conducted using preferential oxidation catalysts having an oxide support on which is dispersed copper or an oxide thereof, a platinum group metal and a reducible metal oxide. In other embodiments, the processes of the invention are conducted with a preferential oxidation catalysts having a cerium oxide support on which is dispersed copper or an oxide thereof and a platinum group metal.

Abstract: A method for purifying carbon monoxide, which can efficiently remove metal carbonyl in carbon monoxide while suppressing the production of carbon dioxide, is provided by selecting a metal oxide having proper oxidizability as a reactant with metal carbonyl. Carbon monoxide containing metal carbonyls as trace impurities is contacted with a remover containing manganese sesquioxide as a main component, thereby reacting metal carbonyl in carbon monoxide with said manganese sesquioxide to remove said metal carbonyl from said carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A method for designing a fuel processor having an optimized size (i.e., volume and mass) for use in a fuel cell system which provides electrical power in a plurality of power ranges. The method includes maximizing water availability in the fuel cell system and sizing the first CO reduction reactor to provide for peak fuel cell system operational efficiency in a most-used power range while sizing the second CO reduction reactor to ensure the fuel processor can components to operate at a desired maximum power. The method allows development of a fuel processor that has significantly lower total mass and volume, and shorter start-up time, than conventionally designed processors, yet can perform at a desired maximum power.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprises a catalytic ingredient including rhodium, at least one of platinum and palladium, at least one of absorption materials for absorbing NOx, a porous carrier, and a monolithic support for supporting the catalytic ingredient. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst includes a plurality of catalytic layers containing at least a part of the catalytic ingredient, and rhodium is contained at least in an outermost layer of the catalytic layers. A rhodium amount in the catalytic ingredient is 0.5 g or more for each liter of the catalyst, and a rhodium amount contained in the outermost layer accounts for 80 wt % or more of a total rhodium amount. A weight of the catalytic layer at the outermost layer is 40 wt % or below of a total weight of the catalytic layers.

Abstract: In a method for recovering Al from an off-gas (3,4) produced during carbothermic reduction of aluminum utilizing at least one smelter (1,2), the off-gas (3,4) is directed to an enclosed reactor (5) which is fed a supply of wood charcoal (7) having a porosity of from about 50 vol. % to 85 vol. % and an average pore diameter of from about 0.05 ?m to about 2.00 ?m, where the wood charcoal (7) contacts the off-gas (3,4) to produce at least Al4C3 (6), which is passed back to the smelter (1,2).

Abstract: A catalyst (5) for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide, wherein a noble metal (3) and an active oxygen supply material (4) capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide are supported on a substrate (6). Favorable selective oxidation of carbon monoxide can be obtained by setting the distance between the noble metal (3) and the active oxygen supply material (4) such that the noble metal (3) is close enough to accept active oxygen from the active oxygen supply material (4), and preferably within 0.1 mm. This catalyst (5) for selectively oxidizing carbon monoxide is effective at removing carbon monoxide from a reformate gas whose main component is hydrogen and which is supplied to a fuel cell.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing carbon monoxide with oxygen to carbon dioxide using a composition comprising platinum and iron, a process of at least partially regenerating the composition is disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst for selective oxidation of CO gas in a gas of essentially hydrogen, and a method for producing the catalyst. The catalyst is highly active in a relatively high temperature range. The catalyst is for selectively oxidizing CO gas with hydrogen, and this carries ruthenium held on a carrier of titania and alumina, or carries ruthenium with an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal held thereon. For producing the catalyst, a solution containing ruthenium and an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal is applied to the carrier.