Abstract: Amorphous precipitated silica having a low proportion of small pores as evidenced by low Sears surface areas are useful as reinforcing pigments for various rubbers.

Abstract: A method for preparing a three dimensionally connected silica spheres-resin composite, which comprises hydrolyzing and polymerizing a low molecular weight polyalkoxysilane in the presence of an acid catalyst in a mixed solution of the low molecular weight polyalkoxysilane and a water-soluble polymer in a solvent mixture of water and alcohol to obtain a three dimensional connected silica spheres, impregnating the three dimensional connected silica spheres with at least one material selected from resin-forming monomers and resin-forming prepolymers, and curing the material. The composite obtained by the above method retains its strength even at high temperatures where the organic matter undergoes pyrolysis or burnout.

Abstract: Precipitated silica compositions, and methods for making the same, with improved dentifrice performance characteristics. In particular, precipitated silica compositions of the present invention have a 40% slurry viscosity build of less than approximately 20,000 centipoise and a 10% Brass Einlehner abrasion value of approximately 2.5 to 20.0 mg loss/100,000 rev. Precipitated silica compositions of the present invention also have reactor slurry average particle sizes (50%) of approximately 10 to 50 .mu.m. Methods for preparing precipitated silicas of the present invention include the steps of: (a) adding sodium silicate and a mineral acid to a reactor, thereby initiating a precipitation reaction between the reactor contents; and (b) subjecting the reactor contents to shearing forces as the reaction proceeds.

Abstract: Novel silicas in the form of powder and spherical beads or granules. The silicas are characterized by having a specific CTAB surface of 100-140 m.sup.2 /g, a small median diameter, following disaggregation by ultrasound means, and optionally, a porous distribution so that the porous volume occupied by the pores whose diameter is 175-275 .ANG. is less than 55% of the porous volume occupied by the pores having diameters of 400 .ANG. or less. The invention also concerns a method for the preparation of said silicas and their use as reinforcing fillers for elastomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of precipitated silica which has a very good dispersibility and very satisfactory reinforcing properties. It also relates to new precipitated silicas which are in the form of powder, of substantially spherical beads or of granules, these silicas being characterized by the fact that they have a CTAB specific surface of between 100 and 240 m.sup.2 /g, a DOP oil uptake lower than 300 ml/100 g, a pore distribution such that the pore volume consisting of the pores whose diameter is between 175 and 275 .ANG. represents less than 50% of the pore volume consisting of the pores of diameters which are smaller than or equal to 400 .ANG., a median diameter, after disintegration with ultrasound, smaller than 5 .mu.m and an aluminium content of at least 0.35% by weight. The invention also relates to the use of the said silicas as reinforcing fillers for elastomers.

Abstract: Precipitated silica with a sodium sulphate content of 4 to 18 wt. %, particularly with the physical-chemical data:______________________________________ Sodium sulphate content: 4-14 wt. % BET surface area (DIN 66131): 100-190 m.sup.2 /g DBP absorption (anhydrous) 208-250 g/100 g (DIN 53601, ASTM D 2414): 3.0-6.5 wt. % (DIN ISO 787/II) Oversize with >63 .mu.m .ltoreq. 10.0 wt. % ALPINE air-jet sieve >150 .mu.m .ltoreq. 0.1 wt. % >250 .mu.m .ltoreq. 0.01 wt. % ______________________________________It is prepared by introducing hot water into a precipitation vessel, with stirring, adding water glass, then heating the mixture and maintaining the temperature throughout the remainder of the precipitation period. Water glass and sulphuric acid are added simultaneously during this process. The precipitated silica is then separated from the suspension and the filter cake containing sodium sulphate is dried in a spray drier and ground.

Abstract: A precipitated silica composition which, when incorporated into a suitable dentifrice composition, the dentifrice composition exhibits an mPCR of about 103 to 124 and an RDA of about 88 to 102. The invention also provides a precipitated silica composition which, when incorporated into a suitable dentifrice composition, the dentifrice composition exhibits an mPCR to RDA ratio of greater than about 1.1.

Abstract: Siliceous oxides having a combination of low total volatiles content and basic pH are useful as odor control agents in organic resin systems, especially polyolefin-based systems. These modified siliceous oxides advantageously reduce odor and off-trade while minimizing discoloration of the resin. The adsorbents are especially useful for resin systems containing fatty acid amide slip aids.

Abstract: Precipitated silica with the following physical-chemical characteristics:______________________________________ BET surface: DIN 66131 100-130 m.sup.2 /g DBP absorption DIN 53601 .gtoreq.275 g/100 g (anhydrous) ASTM D 2414 Loss on drying DIN ISO 787/II (2 h/105.degree. C.) ASTM D 280 3.5-5.5 wt. % JIS K 5101/21 Oversize with ALPINE air-jet sieve: >63 .mu.m .ltoreq.10.0 wt. % >150 .mu.m .ltoreq.0.1 wt. % >250 .mu.m .ltoreq.0.01 wt. % Chloride content: .ltoreq.100 ppm ______________________________________is prepared by introducing water into a precipitation vessel, adding water glass until an alkali value of 5-15 is reached, then adding further water glass and sulfuric acid simultaneously, interrupting the precipitated silica suspension with sulfuric acid to a pH-value of 8.5, with stirring, then continuing acidification with concentrated sulfuric acid to a pH-value of 4, then separating and washing the precipitated silica which has a solids content in the suspension of approx.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a rubber composition which is inted for the manufacture of tires and has a base of precipitated silicas "doped" with aluminum, the aluminum content being between .gtoreq.0.35% and .ltoreq.3% by weight of silica. Said composition has improved working properties as well as improved hysteresis properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of precipitated silica which has a good dispersibility and very satisfactory reinforcing properties. It also relates to new precipitated silicas which are in the form of powder, of substantially spherical beads or of granules, these silicas being characterized by the fact that they have a CTAB specific surface of between 90 and 250 m.sup.2 /g, a DOP oil uptake lower than 300 ml/100 g, a pore distribution such that the pore volume consisting of the pores whose diameter is between 175 and 275 .ANG. represents less than 50% of the pore volume consisting of the pores of diameters smaller than or equal to 400 .ANG., a zinc content of between 1 and 5% by weight and by the fact that the number N of molecules of stearic acid consumed per nm.sup.2 of silica surface, when stearic acid is reacted with the said silica in xylene for 2 hours at 120.degree. C., is at least 1.

Abstract: A precipitated silica with the following physicochemical properties:______________________________________ BET surface area 35 to 350 m.sup.2 /g BET/CTAB surface area ratio 0.8 to 1.1 Pore volume, PV 1.6 to 3.4 ml/g Silanol group density (V2 = 6 to 20 ml NaOH consumption) Average aggregate size 250 to 1500 nm CTAB surface area 30 to 350 m.sup.2 /g DBP value 150 to 300 ml/100 g V.sub.2 /V.sub.1 by Hg porosimetry 0.19 to 0.46 DBP/CTAB 1.2 to 2.4. ______________________________________is produced by reacting alkali silicate with mineral acids at temperatures of 60.degree. to 95.degree. C. while maintaining a pH of 7.5 to 10.5 and continuously stirring, continuing the reaction to a solids concentration in the precipitation suspension of 90 to 120 g/l, adjusting the pH value to a value of less than or equal to 5, filtering out, washing, drying and optionally grinding or granulating the precipitated silica. The precipitated silica is used as a filler in vulcanizable rubber compounds and vulcanizates.

Abstract: A method for preparing precipitated silicates and silicas having good high shear rheology in high solids aqueous slurries. Destructuring of aluminum silicate and silica via dry milling results in decreasing DBP oil absorption. The destructured materials are useful for ink jet coating formulations.

Abstract: A suspension containing a novel reactive ultrafine particulate silica having a radius of gyration of at most 10 .ANG., has an excellent storage stability, and provides excellent various properties as a hard coating composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of precipitated silica which has an excellent dispersibility and very satisfactory reinforcing properties. It also relates to new precipitated silicas which are in the form of powder, of substantially spherical beads or of granules, these silicas being characterized by the fact that they have a CTAB specific surface of between 140 and 200 m.sup.2 /g, a BET specific surface of between 140 and 200 m.sup.2 /g, a DOP oil uptake lower than 300 ml/100 g, a median diameter, after disintegration with ultrasound, smaller than 3 .mu.m, an ultrasonic disintegration factor higher than 10 ml and an aluminium content of at least 0.35% by weight. The invention also relates to the use of the said silicas as reinforcing fillers for elastomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to reinforcing compositions for thermoplastic polymers which have improved anticaking and flow properties, which include an impact additive and a precipitated silica.These compositions are very particularly suitable for the reinforcement of PVC.

Abstract: A statistically large population of particles of amorphous precipitated silica comprising pigmentary phase particles and glassy phase particles and having a glassy phase fraction in the range of from 0.3 to 30 area percent is useful as an abrasive for dentifrice compositions, especially toothpaste.

Abstract: Dental compositions comprise an abrasive, a humectant material, water and a binder. The abrasive comprises sodium aluminosilicate product having a water demand of greater than 50 g water per 100 g product, and the dental compositions comprise a water to abrasive weight ratio greater than 1.

Abstract: Novel silica particulates adopted for formulation into dentifrice compositions have a unique surface chemistry as to be at least 50% compatible with zinc values, and have a number of OH functions, expressed as OH/nm.sup.2, of at most 15 and a zero charge point (PZC) of from 3 to 6.5.

Abstract: A process for producing zinc oxide-containing spherical silica, which comprises emulsifying, in an organic solvent containing a surfactant, a dispersion having zinc oxide with a particle size of from 0.005 to 0.5 .mu.m dispersed in an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution in an amount of from 10 to 70 wt % based on the total amount of zinc oxide and SiO.sub.2 in the aqueous alkali metal silicate solution, followed by gelation of the resulting emulsion with carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass is first decrystallized and then hydrolyzed to produce a hydrolysate containing both sugars and acid. Silica and silicates present in the biomass can then be removed for further processing. The remaining solids are then subjected to a second decrystallization if necessary and a second hydrolyzation to optimize the sugar yields.

Abstract: The invention provides a filler for ink jet recording paper which is composed of an amorphous silica containing 0.3-1.0% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and having a BET specific surface area of 250-400 m.sup.2 /g, a mean particle size of 3.6-10.0 .mu.m and a peak position of pore radius as measured by mercury injection method of 37.5-75 angstrom. A coat layer of ink jet recording paper formed of this filler excels not only in true circle property of dots and ink absorbing property when printed by ink jet recording system, but also in surface strength and writing quality. Furthermore, the coating liquid containing this filler has a low viscosity and hence exhibits good coating workability.

Abstract: Precipitated silicas, characterized in that they have a CTAB surface area (in accordance with ASTM D 3765-92) of 200 to 400 m.sup.2 /g, a DBP index (in accordance with ASTM D 2414) between 230 and 380 ml/100 g as powder and 180-250 g/100 g as granulate, a silanol group density (V.sub.2 -NaOH consumption) of 20 to 30 ml and the following macropore size distribution which is typical of the surface area range involved, determined by means of Hg porosimetry (DIN 66 133) for specific pore size intervals (incremental mode of application):______________________________________ CTAB surface CTAB surface CTAB surface area range: area range: area range: 200-250 250-300 300-400 Pore size m.sup.2 /g m.sup.2 /g m.sup.2 /g interval ?nm! Hg consumption in ml/g of silica ______________________________________ 10-20 0.27-0.49 0.35-0.50 0.32-0.42 20-30 0.22-0.32 0.15-0.30 0.17-0.22 30-40 0.15-0.21 0.12-0.17 0.12-0.15 40-50 0.11-0.16 0.09-0.12 0.08-0.11 50-60 0.08-0.12 0.06-0.10 0.06-0.

Abstract: The present invention provides silicic acid hydrate having a large pore volume and tiny particle diameters, and a process for preparing it. There is disclosed silicic acid hydrate obtained by neutralizing an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a mineral acid, which has particle properties represented by an oil absorption of 250 to 350 ml/100 g, a total pore volume of 4.0 to 6.0 cc/g, an average pore radius of 200 to 400 .ANG., and an average pore diameter of 3.0 to 15 .mu.m by the laser method, or 2.0 to 4.0 .mu.m by the coulter method, or 0.5 to 3.5 .mu.m by the centrifugal precipitation method.

Abstract: A temperature-activated polysilicic acid is prepared by heating an acidified aqueous alkali metal silicate. The temperature-activated polysilicic acid is used in the production of paper for improvement of retention and water removal.

Abstract: A method for forming a low temperature cofired ceramic package which is made using a multi-layered densified spherical powder formed via a sol-gel process. This densified powder is formed from layers of SiO.sub.2 reacted with trimethyl borate. The spherical powder has a preselected particle size and boron content sufficient to render the low temperature cofired ceramic package fully dense, even in the presence of a second phase filler ceramic, at a sintering temperature below 1000.degree. C. Binder material is added to the spherical powder and ceramic filler to form a plurality of tapes. A ceramic assembly is then formed by layering the plurality of tapes upon one another and firing the ceramic assembly at a temperature below 1025.degree. C. to form a fully dense cofired ceramic package. In order to form the multi-layered densified spherical powder, a silica core, which is formed using a sol-gel process, is reacted with trimethyl borate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a basic method for producing high purity silica and ammonium fluoride from silicon tetrafluoride-containing gas, particularly the gas generated by acidulation. The basic method comprises recovering silicon tetrafluoride-containing gas from the acidulation of a fluorine-containing phosphorus source, separating liquid entrainment from the gas, converting the gas recovered to an ammonium fluosilicate solution, and ammoniating said ammonium fluosilicate solution to produce high purity silica and ammonium fluoride.

Abstract: A fluorescent substance of which main component is comprised from 32 mol % to 35 mol % of silicon element and from 68 mol % to 65 mol % of oxygen element, and in which includes from 10 ppm to 1 wt % of silicon carbide and silicon nitride as an activator. And, a manufacturing method of the fluorescent substance by hydrolyzing silicon alkoxide by using alkali or acid catalyzer under the presence of carbon, and by heat treating the obtained precursor at the temperature of 500.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as oral gels and toothpastes, containing a novel abrasive.

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as oral gels and toothpastes, containing a novel abrasive.

Abstract: An amorphous silica has a pore volume in the range of from about 1.6 to about 2.5 cc g.sup.-1, a mean pore diameter in the range of from about 8.0 to about 20 nm, a surface area in the range from about 450 to about 1100 m.sup.2 g.sup.-1 and an oil absorption in the range of from about 250 to about 350 cc/100g.

Abstract: An amorphous silica has a pore size distribution wherein 90% of the pores have a diameter above 15 nanometers, and less than 20% of the pore volume is in pores having a pore diameter between 10 and 20 nanometers, the amorphous silica having a CTAB surface area of less than 100 m.sup.2 /g, the amorphous silica having a matting efficiency of below 20 gloss units at an incidence angle of 60.degree. and a loading of 5% by weight. It can be prepared by a precipitation route. It is used in thixotropic paints and lacquers.

Abstract: Novel precipitated silica particulates, well suited for conditioning/sorbing a wide variety of liquid active agents thereon, e.g., the vitamins, have (i) a BET surface area of at least 170 m.sup.2 /g; (ii) an oil absorption (DOP) ranging from 220 to 300 ml/g; (iii) a fill density in the packed state of at least 0.29; (iv) a mean particle diameter ranging from 80 to 150 .mu.m; and (v) a maximum grain size distribution index of 0.70.

Abstract: Amorphous silicas suitable for use as abrasives in transparent toothpastes can be prepared by a precipitation route. These silicas are distinguished by having a BET surface area of 10 to 90 M.sup.2 /g, a weight mean particle size of 5 to 15 micron, and a plastics abrasion value of 16 to 20, a transmission of at least 70% in the RI range from 1,430 to 1,443 and an oil absorbtion in the range from about 70 to about 150 cm.sup.3 /100 g.

Abstract: Particles comprising particulate amorphous precipitated silica in association with from 5 to 10 percent by weight sodium sulfate and less than 10 percent by weight water, wherein the percentages are based on the weight of the silica, the sodium sulfate, and the water, which particles have a BET surface area of from 100 to 300 m.sup.2 /g, a total intruded volume from 1.8 to 3.6 cm.sup.3 /g, and a DBP oil absorption of from 180 to 320 cm.sup.3 /100 g, may be employed in microporous battery separators to introduce all or a portion of the desired sodium sulfate to the battery electrolyte. Moreover the enhanced amount of sodium sulfate enhances silica characteristics and battery separator production.

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as oral gels and toothpastes, containing a novel abrasive.

Abstract: A more efficient utilization of geothermal energy by allowing flashing of the produced water to a lower temperature. This is accomplished by causing additional quantities of silica to precipitate out of the geothermal water as particles rather than as scale on process equipment. These particles are tertiary aggregate amorphous silica of Type I, II or III, which have high surface areas, good oil absorption and high reflectivity. They are useful as additives and opacifiers for paper, paints, rubbers, and plastics; as thixotropic thickening agents; and as absorbents. The improved energy recovery is accomplished by utilizing the addition (including recycle) of previously produced particles of amorphous tertiary aggregate silica of a selected Type I, II or III, as a heterogeneous precipitation agent, alone or in combination with other more conventional precipitation agents.

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as oral gels and toothpastes, containing a novel abrasive.

Abstract: In the present invention, minute spherular silica gel particles suitable as polymer catalyst carriers can easily be obtained without using organic substances simply by controlling the moisture content in a slurry of silica hydrogel particles and water. The obtained spherular silica gel particles have physical properties, such as specific surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volume, that may be easily controlled. The spherular silica gel particles also have sufficient particle strength.

Abstract: A method of making chromium containing oxide gel-based catalyst wherein an oxide hydrogel is convened to a xerogel by azeotropic distillation of a mixture of said hydrogel and an organic solvent, the improvement comprising impregnating the gel with a chromium compound during azeotropic distillation by incorporating said chromium compound into said mixture before azeotropic distillation and wherein the organic solvent used is selected from the group consisting of ethoxy ethyl acetate, tert-butyoxy propanol, methoxy propyl acetate, n-butoxy propanol, ethoxy ethyl propionate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A fine silica tube composed of silica gel and having an outer diameter of 0.05 to 2 .mu.m wherein the cylindrical wall portion of the tube has a cross-section defined by a substantially square outer periphery and a substantially square vacant center, or by a circular outer periphery and a substantially square vacant center; and a fine silica tube composed of silica glass and having an outer diameter of 0.05 to 1.4 .mu.m wherein the cylindrical wall portion of the tube has a cross-section defined by a substantially square outer periphery and a substantially square vacant center. The fine silica gel tube is made by treating a tetraalkoxysilane with ammonia or aqueous ammonia in a water-soluble alcohol medium in the presence of tartaric acid, citric acid, a tartaric acid salt or a citric acid salt, whereby the tetraalkoxysilane is hydrolyzed. The fine silica glass tube is made by calcining the fine silica gel tube at 800.degree. to 1,400.degree. C.

Abstract: A pozzolan for use in concrete products which is a silica by-product in the acid treatment of silica-containing ore is described. The pozzolan contains over 75% by weight amorphous silica and provides an increase in the early strength of concrete in comparison to traditional pozzolans as well as minimizing alkali-silica reactions due to the presence of less impurities.

Abstract: Amorphous silicas suitable for use as abrasives in transparent toothpastes can be prepared by a precipitation route. These silicas are distinguished by having a BET surface area of 100 to 450 m.sup.2 /g, a weight mean particle size of 5 to 15 microns, a plastics abrasion value of 16 to 26, a mean pore diameter from 2 to 12 nm, a transmission of at least 70% in the refractive index range from 1.430 to 1.443 and an oil absorption in the range from about 70 to about 130 cm.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures including resorcinol and silica which are used as adhesion promoters for improving the adhesion between textile or metal strength carriers and rubber or plastics. The mixtures in accordance with the invention exhibit a sharply limited sublimation behavior with regard to the resorcin.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-purity silica, which comprises the steps of reacting a crude silica with ammonium fluoride, acid ammonium fluoride or a mixture thereof in an aqueous medium to produce ammonium silicofluoride, separating the ammonium silicofluoride from an unreacted silica and impurities by the means of a solid/liquid separation, and reacting the thus-obtained ammonium silicofluoride with ammonia in an aqueous medium. This process is a low cost process, and enables to control properties of silica.

Abstract: Phossy water is a toxic liquid waste that is generated when elemental phosphorus is manufactured, stored, or processed into phosphorus-containing products. Elemental phosphorus may be present as a solution, as colloidal particles, and as settleable particles.The primary objects of the invention are as follows:1. To provide a process for the disposal of phossy water stored at the TVA National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center.2. To provide a process for the recovery of phossy water that will be generated when hazardous wastes stored at the TVA National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center are recycled.Phossy water can be disposed of by using it to quench and granulate molten slag at electric furnaces used to manufacture elemental phosphorus. The elemental phosphorus content of the phossy water is limited to about 2 parts per million.

Abstract: An amorphous silica, especially precipitated silica, suitable for use in toothpastes, has a high abrasivity represented by a perspex abrasion value in the range from about 23 to about 35.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of pure amorphous silica from rocks containing non-crystalline silica is described. The process comprises the steps of: (a) dissolution of said rock in an alkaline solution comprising sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, obtaining a solution of sodium silicate; (b) precipitation of pure amorphous silica by adding sodium bicarbonate into said sodium silicate and co-producing sodium carbonate, the weight ratio between SiO.sub.2 and Na.sub.2 O in said dissolution step is in the range of between 0.5 to 3.0; and (c) the sodium carbonate solution is transformed into crystalline sodium bicarbonate, by a salting out reaction with sodium chloride, being recycled to the process. According to a preferred embodiment, the alkaline solution is obtained by the caustification of sodium carbonate with calcium hydroxide. The preferred concentration of sodium hydroxide in said dissolution step is in the range of 4% to 14% by weight.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a crystal by crystal growth in the liquid phase from a seed in the form of a plate taken from a primary crystal, which method comprises at least two steps constituted firstly by forming first crystal growth to obtain a secondary crystal from a first seed taken from said primary crystal in a first growth zone, and secondly in performing second crystal growth from a second seed taken from said secondary crystal in a second growth zone, said first and second seeds being selected so that few of the dislocations that they contain propagate respectively into the second zone of the secondary crystal or into the first growth zone of the resulting crystal. According to the invention said first and second crystal growth steps are performed in different growth directions. Application to monocrystals of quartz, or of materials that are isomorphs of quartz, such as berlinite, and that are intended for use in making electronic components, in particular oscillators and filters.

Abstract: Uniquely dispersible precipitated silica particulates, e.g., beads, powders and granulates/extrudates, very well suited for the reinforcement of elastomer/rubber matrices, e.g., tires for the automotive industry, have characteristic particle sizes, BET and CTAB specific surface areas, DOP oil absorption values, total pore volumes and pore size distributions, and reduced degree of attrition.