Abstract: Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) prill including ammonium nitrate and a potassium salt are provided. The PSAN prill can be explosive grade and low density. The PSAN prill may include a porosity enhancing agent such as an interfacial surface modifier or a pore former. Methods of preparing the PSAN prill and related emulsions are also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing urea ammonium nitrate solution from waste nitric acid after stripping tin from circuit board includes: causing the waste nitric acid after stripping tin and the ammonia water to undergo neutralizing and precipitating reaction through acid-base neutralization, filtering, thereby obtaining tin-containing filter mud and a primary filtrate; adding iron powders into to the primary filtrate to initiate copper-iron replacement reaction, filtering, thereby obtaining iron-containing coarse copper powders and a secondary filtrate; adding hydrogen peroxide to the secondary filtrate, filtering, thereby obtaining an iron-containing sludge and a tertiary filtrate; adding a heavy metal capturing agent to the tertiary filtrate, filtering, thereby obtaining a heavy metal sludge and an ammonium nitrate solution; measuring a concentration of the ammonium nitrate solution, adding urea and liquid fertilizer corrosion inhibitor to obtain a urea/ammonium nitrate dilute solution, evaporating and concentrating

Abstract: Oxycombustion systems and oxycombustion methods include thermally integrated ammonia synthesis. The oxycombustion systems may include an air separation unit that separates air into an oxygen stream and a nitrogen stream. An ammonia synthesis unit synthesizes ammonia from a hydrogen feed and the nitrogen stream to form a crude ammonia stream. An ammonia separation unit condenses the crude ammonia stream and separates the ammonia from any unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen to form a purified ammonia stream. An oxycombustion reactor combusts a fuel from a fuel feed stream in the presence of the oxygen stream from the air separation unit to generate hot water or steam. At least one thermal integration may be present in the oxycombustion systems and may be chosen from a reactor thermal linkage of the ammonia synthesis unit with the oxycombustion reactor, a separator thermal linkage of the air separation unit with the ammonia separation unit, or both.

Abstract: The present technology provides methods and processes of producing ammonium sulfate nitrate 1:2 double salts by combining ammonium sulfate solution, nitric acid and ammonia in an aqueous reaction mixture. The methods include reacting the aqueous reaction mixture, followed by removing water to form the ammonium sulfate nitrate 1:2 double salt.

Abstract: A system for the production of ammonium sulfate granules including a pipe cross reactor (PCR) configured to contact concentrated sulfuric acid with anhydrous ammonia to produce a PCR product comprising ammonium sulfate; and a granulator fluidly connected to the PCR, whereby PCR product extracted from the PCR can be introduced into the granulator, an inlet for ammonium sulfate seed material, an ammonia sparger configured to spray liquid anhydrous ammonia onto a bed of ammonium sulfate granules within the granulator, and a granulator product outlet configured for extraction of granulator product comprising ammonium sulfate granules from the granulator. A method of producing ammonium sulfate granules is also provided.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of producing passivated urea or urea based compounds for fertilizer blends wherein the urea particles are treated with a mineral acid that reacts with urea and creates a grasping layer. Thereafter a solid base in powder form is added in excess to the particles to coat the acidified particle surface. The invention also concerns a fertilizer blend comprising the passivated urea or urea based compounds with one or more of AN or AN-based compound, NS products, superphosphates, and more generally with a priori most compounds that urea is susceptible to react with when in direct contact. A safe blend comprises more than 40 weight % of the passivated urea.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition comprising ammonium nitrate, of which the potential misuse as a precursor for an explosive is limited on the one hand, without hampering its legitimate use by farmers for food production on the other hand, to a method for the preparation of said fertilizer composition, and to the use thereof. The fertilizer composition comprising ammonium nitrate comprises a non-hygroscopic agent which is able to form a non-hygroscopic fertilizer composition with ammonium nitrate under normal conditions of storage and use, and to form an hygroscopic composition with ammonium nitrate after said fertilizer composition is contacted with water, and optionally a foaming agent. According to one embodiment, the non-hygroscopic agent is selected from the group of non-hygroscopic urea double salts, in particular urea calcium nitrate (UCaN).

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for recovery of nano zeolites from an aqueous suspension are provided. The process comprises the steps of applying centrifugal force to the aqueous suspension to separate a supernatant phase from a solid phase that comprises the nano zeolites and residuals. The solid phase is contacted with a solution effective to dissolve or digest the residuals and to agglomerate the nano zeolites forming agglomerated nano zeolites. The solution is filtered to recover the agglomerated nano zeolites.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium nitrate is disclosed, which process comprises exposing a gaseous oxidiser feed composed at least substantially of ammonia, steam and an oxidising gas to conditions whereby the ammonia is oxidised to produce a reaction mixture including nitrogen monoxide and water vapour. The reaction mixture is cooled in a heat exchanger whereby the nitrogen monoxide is oxidised, the water vapour is condensed and the products of the nitrogen monoxide oxidation react with and are absorbed by the condensed water to form a nitric acid stream, with substantially all of the nitrogen monoxide in the reaction mixture being converted to nitric acid. The nitric acid stream is reacted with a stream of ammonia to form the ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: An example system includes a combustion chamber including at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and at least one reflective surface to direct shock waves in a pattern that meets at a midline nodal point. The example system also includes an ignition source to generate high enthalpy colliding and reverberating shock pressure waves and detonation gasses for dynamic pressurization. An example method for using high enthalpy colliding and/or reverberating shock pressure waves for chemical and material processing. The example method includes providing a combustion chamber including at least one inlet and at least one outlet, and at least one reflective surface to direct shock waves in a pattern that meets at a midline nodal point. The example method also includes colliding reflected or opposing combustion-induced or detonation-induced wave fronts within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Preferred aspects of the present invention provide ammonium nitrate compositions comprising ammonium nitrate and at least one stabilizing agent, and preferably a third compound. In certain preferred embodiments, the stabilizing agent, together with third compound, is present under conditions and in amounts effective to substantially reduce the detonation sensitivity of the composition and/or to otherwise improve a desired property of the composition.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes an intake chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the intake chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas with a cooling agent. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium nitrate is disclosed and in which: a) a gaseous oxidizer feed composed at least substantially of ammonia, steam and an oxidizing gas is exposed to conditions whereby the ammonia is oxidized to produce a reaction mixture including nitrogen monoxide and water vapor, b) the reaction mixture is cooled in a heat exchanger whereby the nitrogen monoxide is oxidized, the water vapor is condensed and the products of the nitrogen monoxide oxidation react with and are absorbed by the condensed water to form a nitric acid stream, with substantially all of the nitrogen monoxide in the reaction mixture being converted to nitric acid, and c) the nitric acid stream is reacted with a stream of ammonia in an ammonium nitrate producing stage to form the ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: Methods for the production of ammonium sulfate nitrate include (a) providing at a temperature of less than about 175° C. a melt including ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and water and the water content is greater than about 2 wt % based on the total weight of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and water in the melt, and (b) solidifying from the melt 1:2 ANS double salt by cooling at least a portion of the melt at a rate of less than about 100° C./min.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the combined production of (i) a fertilizer selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates or a combination thereof, (ii) a concentrated stream of CO2 through an indirect neutralization of ammonia with an acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, a salt thereof and a combination thereof; said method comprising: (I) reacting a carbonate product with a reagent selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, a salt thereof, and a mixture thereof to form CO2, and a fertilizer containing an ammonia component; and (II) separating at least a portion of said carbon dioxide from said fertilizer in a condensed and relatively concentrated stream.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium nitrate is disclosed, which process comprises exposing a gaseous oxidiser feed composed at least substantially of ammonia, steam and an oxidising gas to conditions whereby the ammonia is oxidised to produce a reaction mixture including nitrogen monoxide and water vapour. The reaction mixture is cooled in a heat exchanger whereby the nitrogen monoxide is oxidised, the water vapour is condensed and the products of the nitrogen monoxide oxidation react with and are absorbed by the condensed water to form a nitric acid stream, with substantially all of the nitrogen monoxide in the reaction mixture being converted to nitric acid. The nitric acid stream is reacted with a stream of ammonia to form the ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: A process for producing ammonium nitrate is disclosed and in which: a) a gaseous oxidiser feed composed at least substantially of ammonia, steam and an oxidising gas is exposed to conditions whereby the ammonia is oxidised to produce a reaction mixture including nitrogen monoxide and water vapour, b) the reaction mixture is cooled in a heat exchanger whereby the nitrogen monoxide is oxidised, the water vapour is condensed and the products of the nitrogen monoxide oxidation react with and are absorbed by the condensed water to form a nitric acid stream, with substantially all of the nitrogen monoxide in the reaction mixture being converted to nitric acid, and c) the nitric acid stream is reacted with a stream of ammonia in an ammonium nitrate producing stage to form the ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: Desirable chemicals are recovered from a raw material that is formed in substantial amounts during the production of cellulose pulp from renewable lingo-cellulose material. An ammonia/ammonium-containing methanol/water mixture is acidified with an acid that has the ability of forming ammonium salt with the ammonium. The mixture is circulated and passed through an apparatus that has an indirect heat exchanger combined with an storage volume fitted with a gas collection device.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes an intake chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the intake chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas with a cooling agent. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: Processes are presented for the production of ammonium sulfate nitrate. The processes provide for producing a highly uniform product and having a substantially uniform size. The processes include reacting ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to form an FASN slurry melt. The slurry melt is continuously stirred and heated to keep the slurry melt under a shear thinned condition and at a uniform temperature until the slurry melt is extruded, cooled and solidified.

Abstract: A catalyst charge for ammonia oxidation, including the Andrussow process, comprises a first stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of oxidizing 20 to 99% of designed ammonia throughput, to produce a first stage product gas comprising unreacted ammonia, oxygen and nitrogen oxides, and a second stage ammonia oxidation catalyst capable of completing the oxidation of unreacted ammonia. Low levels of nitrous oxide are produced an extended campaign lengths may be seen.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the combined production of (I) a sulfur oxide containing product and (II) a fertilizer selected from a group consisting of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphates and a combination thereof, through an indirect neutralization of ammonia with an acid selected from the group consisting of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and a combination thereof, the method comprising: a. contacting a precipitate containing calcium sulfite with a solution of nitric acid and a solution of ammonia in two separate steps, to form the fertilizer, the sulfur oxide containing product and a precipitate containing calcium hydroxide; and b. separating at least portion of the fertilizer, the sulfur oxide and the calcium hydroxide into three separated streams.

Abstract: Preferred aspects of the present invention provide ammonium nitrate compositions comprising ammonium nitrate and at least one stabilizing agent, and preferably a third compound. In certain preferred embodiments, the stabilizing agent, together with third compound, is present under conditions and in amounts effective to substantially reduce the detonation sensitivity of the composition and/or to otherwise improve a desired property of the composition.

Abstract: A method of sequestering a multi-element gas emitted by an industrial plant is described herein, the method comprising: contacting a solution, including a first reactant comprising a multi-element gas emitted by an industrial plant and at least one gas absorber comprising nitrogen, for example ammonia or an amine, with a solid, including a second reactant, under conditions that promote a reaction between the first reactant and the second reactant to provide a first product, which incorporates one or more elements of the multi-element gas, thereby sequestering the multi-element gas.

Abstract: A process is presented for the production of ammonium sulfate nitrate. The process provides for producing a highly uniform product and having a substantially uniform size. The process includes reacting ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to form an FASN slurry melt. The slurry melt is continuously stirred and heated to keep the slurry melt under a shear thinned condition and at a uniform temperature until the slurry melt is extruded, cooled and solidified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment and purification of dangerous wastes containing ammonium salts, particularly ammonium chloride, derived from pharmaceutical and chemical technologies. The process includes the following steps: removing the organic solvent content of the waste mixture, containing an aqueous and non-aqueous phase, by phase separation based on the difference in the special weight and/or by azeotrop distillation, and heating the obtained aqueous solution at its boiling point or at a temperature belonging to the maximal saturation boiling point of the ammonium salt until the non-solvent type organic substances precipitate in the form of a well separable polymerisate phase, whereafter this phase is separated from the aqueous solution of the ammonium salt and the ammonium salt, preferably the ammonium chloride is purified by a method known per se.

Abstract: A method for reducing the explosive potential of a nitrogen-based fertilizer product includes coating the product with a composition including a coal combustion by-product. The coal combustion by-product may be oxidized prior to coating the product, and further may be one or more of Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, and flue gas desulfurization waste. A primary binder and one or more secondary binders may be included. The primary binder may be water. The secondary binder may be one or more of an organic and an inorganic binder.

Abstract: Methods for the production of ammonium sulfate nitrate include (a) providing at a temperature of less than about 175° C. a melt including ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and water and the water content is greater than about 2 wt % based on the total weight of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and water in the melt, and (b) solidifying from the melt 1:2 ANS double salt by cooling at least a portion of the melt at a rate of less than about 100° C./min.

Abstract: This invention relates to explosive grade ammonium nitrate porous granules. The granules are produced in a fluidized bed and are formed through a combination of layering and agglomeration to produce ammonium nitrate granules are spherical in shape, smooth, hard and dry and do not break down easily during handling. Ammonium nitrate granules of a specific size range and density can be prepared and the size range and density of the granules can be varied, depending on the application of the granules, and this has particular advantages in preparing granules for use in ANFO explosive compositions.

Abstract: Methods for scrubbing gas streams to remove acid gases including sulfur dioxide, mercury-containing substances, and/or nitrogen oxides from the gas stream. The gas stream is contacted with a potassium-based sorbent effective for removing at least a portion of the acid gases. The partially cleaned gas stream is then contacted with an oxidant effective to remove at least a portion of the nitrogen oxides and/or mercury-containing substances after partially removing the acid gas substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing ammonia as an aqueous salt solution from an acid gas comprising ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. A strong acid, such as sulfuric acid, is used as a scrubbing agent to convert ammonia to an ammonium salt. Control of pH and stripping in combination with reboiler or evaporators reduces hydrogen sulfide concentration. The ammonium salt is produced as an aqueous solution, which may crystallized to form a solid product. The ammonium salt solution or solid may be used as a fertilizer.

Abstract: Energy in the form of heat is recoverable and controllable in a process that reacts an acid and a base in the presence of steam. The recovered heat energy can be used to vaporize water to form steam which when used in conjunction with a turbine will produce electricity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing thermally and mechanically stable ammonium nitrate by dissolving in nitric acid 1–3% by weight of reticulated metal silicate, before treatment with ammonia. The ammonium nitrate granules produced by this method swell very little, they do not considerably cake, and their granule strength is high.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing thermally and mechanically stable ammonium nitrate by dissolving in nitric acid 1–3% by weight of reticulated metal silicate, before treatment with ammonia. The ammonium nitrate granules produced by this method swell very little, they do not considerably cake, and their granule strength is high.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and NOx from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants. The process and apparatus convert NOx, and particularly nitric oxide, to nitrogen dioxide, which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct. The process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas. The intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide-containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas. The nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide-containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct.

Abstract: Addition of an aminosulfonate product to an inorganic nitrogen-containing salt provides a composition of matter with improved properties. In particular, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and its derivatives can be added to ammonium nitrate to provide improved prills.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of reducing density in an ammonium nitrate product. The method comprises providing a gas generating agent in the form of a water-insoluble solid compound capable of generating gas by chemical reaction and providing an ammonium nitrate product. The water-insoluble solid gas generating agent is introduction into the ammonium nitrate product under conditions causing gas generation by the gas generating agent in the ammonium nitrate product. The ammonium nitrate product is particulated to form a particulated prilled ammonium nitrate product with reduced density. The invention also relates to a particulated ammonium nitrate product produced by this method and to the use of a gas generating agent in the form of a water-insoluble solid compound reduce density in a particulate ammonium nitrate product.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ecofriendly method for preparing dinitramidic acid and its salts by nitration of ammonium sulfamate with fuming nitric acid as a nitrating agent using solid acid catalysts selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite clay catalyst and metal ion exchanged K10 montmorillonite clay catalysts and surface supported catalysts and preparation of ammonium dinitramide by neutralization of the dinitramidic acid with ammonia and separation of ammonium dinitramide.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and NOx from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants. The process and apparatus convert NOx, and particularly nitric oxide, to nitrogen dioxide, which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct. The process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas. The intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide-containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas. The nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide-containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for removing acidic gases and NOx from flue gases produced by utility and industrial plants. The process and apparatus convert NOx, and particularly nitric oxide, to nitrogen dioxide, which is then reacted to form a valuable byproduct. The process generally entails contacting a flue gas with a scrubbing medium to absorb acidic gases from flue gas and produce an intermediate flue gas. The intermediate flue gas is then cooled to cause nitric oxide present therein to be oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed from the flue gases to produce a nitrogen dioxide-containing solution and a scrubbed flue gas. The nitrogen dioxide in the nitrogen dioxide-containing solution is then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium nitrate as a valuable byproduct.

Abstract: A process for preparing phase stabilized ammonium nitrate comprises the following steps. A solution of ammonium nitrate (12), a phase stabilizer (26), and an inert liquid (20) is prepared. The solution is atomized to form a stream of droplets. The droplets (54) are freeze dried to form phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: The invention provides an effective and efficient method of making a hexammine cobaltic salt, such as hexammine cobaltic nitrate, in a consistent fashion through the control of one or more selected parameters of manufacture. Specific parameters considered and evaluated as a part of the invention included: order of addition of reactants, reaction temperature, oxidation, air or oxidant flow, catalyst content, and amount of ammonia.

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonium nitrate bodies in particulate form wherein an ammonium nitrate/water liquid mixture containing at least 92% and preferably at most 97.5% by weight ammonium nitrate, optionally with a proportion of the ammonium nitrate substituted by alkali- and/or alkaline earth metal nitrate, and a small amount of poly-styrene sulphonate crystal-habit modifier is sprayed as droplets into an atmosphere in which cooling effects crystallization of the ammonium nitrate and which the crystallized particles are dried to remove moisture, wherein the liquid mixture also contains ammonium sulphate, the concentration of poly-styrene sulphonate in the liquid mixture being at least 0.01%, preferably in the range 0.02 to 0.06%, by weight, and the concentration of ammonium sulphate in the liquid mixture being greater than that of the poly-styrene suphonate and at least 0.04%, preferably in the range 0.06 to 0.15%, by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing thermally and mechanically stable ammonium nitrate by dissolving in nitric acid 1-3% by weight of reticulated metal silicate, before treatment with ammonia. The ammonium nitrate granules produced by this method swell very little, they do not considerably cake, and their granule strength is high.

Abstract: A method for producing phase-stabilized particulate ammonium nitrate (AN) through integration of a diamine complex of the metals copper, nickel or zinc into the crystal lattice of AN, wherein AN is reacted with inorganic CU, Ni and/or Zn compounds, is characterized in that carbonates and/or hydroxide carbonates and/or hydroxides are added as inorganic compounds of the metals Cu, Ni and/or Zn. Moreover, additives are added to reduce the melting temperature of AN.

Abstract: Oxygen is removed from natural gas by contacting oxygen-containing natural gas with nitric oxide under conditions sufficient to produce nitrogen dioxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing phase stabilized ammonium nitrate comprises the following steps. A solution of ammonium nitrate (12), a phase stabilizer (26), and an inert liquid (20) is prepared. The solution is atomized to form a stream of droplets. The droplets (54) are freeze dried to form phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of residual liquors from the ammoniation and carbonation of alkali metal salts containing ammonium salts, sodium salts, soluble sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and water and producing purified ammonium salts, comprising the steps of: eliminating the sodium bicarbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate mixed in the residual liquor by mixing sulfuric acid with the residual liquor in order to obtain a solution of an ammonium salt and a sodium salt; and separating the sodium salt from the solution or mixing the solution with sodium chloride crystals in order to obtain a magma containing sodium salt crystals and ammonium chloride crystals and separating the sodium salt crystals and the ammonium chloride crystals from the magma.

Abstract: A phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and a method of making the same wherein ammonium nitrate is stabilized through the presence of a stabilizing metal diammine dinitrate without requiring or necessitating the isolation of explosive metal tetrammine nitrate complexes.

Abstract: A system for the production of ammonium sulfate granules including a pipe cross reactor (PCR) configured to contact concentrated sulfuric acid with anhydrous ammonia to produce a PCR product comprising ammonium sulfate; and a granulator fluidly connected to the PCR, whereby PCR product extracted from the PCR can be introduced into the granulator, an inlet for ammonium sulfate seed material, an ammonia sparger configured to spray liquid anhydrous ammonia onto a bed of ammonium sulfate granules within the granulator, and a granulator product outlet configured for extraction of granulator product comprising ammonium sulfate granules from the granulator. A method of producing ammonium sulfate granules is also provided.