Abstract: The present invention provides a powder for forming a black light-shielding film having a specific surface area of 20 to 90 m2/g, which is measured by the BET method, comprising zirconium nitride as a main component, and containing magnesium and/or aluminum. If containing the magnesium, the content of the magnesium is 0.01 to 1.0% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the powder for forming a black light-shielding film, and if containing the aluminum, the content of the aluminum is 0.01 to 1.0% by mass relative to 100% by mass of the powder for forming the black light-shielding film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for electrowinning a titanium metal from a titanium-containing soluble anode molten salt, and relate to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy. The method comprises: mixing a titanium-containing material and a carbon-containing reducing agent at a mol ratio of 5:1-1:20 as a raw material, press-molding after uniformly mixing, holding a temperature range of 1000° C.-2000° C. under a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, reacting for 30-600 min; preparing a titanium-containing compound with a good electrical conductivity; and then electrowinning a titanium metal in a halide molten salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal by using such a titanium-containing compound as an anode. The method for electrowinning a titanium metal from a titanium-containing soluble anode molten salt, provided by the present invention, is a simple in process and low in energy consumption, and can realize industrialized preparation of a high-purity titanium metal.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a high-purity metal nitride by simple processes with good yield. Specifically provided is a method for producing a metal nitride including heating a metal hydride under a nitrogen gas or an ammonia gas.

Abstract: A method of upgrading a titaniferous material includes nitriding and reducing a titaniferous material which includes TiO2 and Fe oxides in the presence of nitrogen and carbon to convert the TiO2 to TiN and to reduce most of the Fe oxides to Fe. The Fe is oxidized in preference to the TiN to form Fe2+ ions, whereafter the Fe2+ ions are removed to produce an upgraded low-Fe TiN bearing material.

Abstract: Provided are a macroporous titanium compound monolith and a production method thereof, the macroporous titanium compound monolith having a framework that is composed of a titanium compound other than titanium dioxide, having controlled macropores, and having electron conductivity, the titanium compound being oxygen-deficient titanium oxide, titanium oxynitride, or titanium nitride.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of synthesizing transition metal nitride by using supercritical ammonia. Transition metal nitride such as vanadium nitride, molybdenum nitride, titanium nitride, nickel nitride, neodymium nitride, iron nitride, etc. can be synthesized in supercritical ammonia with reducing mineralizers such as potassium, sodium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum. Since supercritical ammonia has characteristics of both gas and liquid, it can over complicated fine structure or fine particles. The new method is suitable for forming a protective coating on complicated structure or forming micro- to nano-sized particles.

Abstract: A plurality of mesoporous metal nitride materials may be formed by a method that includes treating with ammonia (or a related bonded nitrogen and hydrogen containing reducing material) a mixed metal oxide material that comprises at least one first metal that forms an unstable product with ammonia and at least one second metal that forms a stable product with ammonia to form the metal nitride materials that include the second metal but not the first metal. The method contemplates forming metal nitride materials, as well as metal oxynitride materials. A related method that uses a non-bonded nitrogen and hydrogen containing reducing material may yield a mesoporous metal oxide. In particular the at least one metal that forms an unstable product with ammonia comprises zinc metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a crystalline titanium oxide film useful as a photocatalyst, a photovoltaic element, etc. The crystalline titanium oxide film is produced by steps (a-1) and (b): (a-1) a step of heating titanium or titanium alloy under conditions (1) or (2) to form titanium nitride on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy; (1) in an atmosphere of nitrogen and/or ammonia gas in the presence of a carbon material acting as an oxygen trapping agent; or (2) in an atmosphere where a pressure is reduced to discharge atmospheric gas, and then nitrogen and/or ammonia gas are/is introduced in the presence of a carbon material acting as an oxygen trapping agent; and (b) a step of immersing the titanium or titanium alloy obtained in step (a-1) above in an electrolyte containing an inorganic acid and/or organic acid, and applying voltage for anodization.

Abstract: A vapor deposition reactor and a method for forming a thin film. The vapor deposition reactor includes at least one first injection portion for injecting a reacting material to a recess in a first portion of the vapor deposition reactor. A second portion is connected to the first space and has a recess connected to the recess of the first portion. The recess of the second portion is maintained to have pressure lower than the pressure in the first space. A third portion is connected to the second space, and an exhaust portion is connected to the third space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a low friction coating layer wherein the uniform concentration of a low friction metal in the coating layer is increased by increasing a turning-on power of a low friction metal source to be higher than a turning-off power thereof, decreasing a turning-on power of a Ti source to be lower than a turning-off power thereof. Alternatively the concentration is increased by increasing a flow rate or temperature of a nitrogen atmosphere gas upon introduction to be higher than upon termination of the introduction thereof.

Abstract: Method for performing a HIPIMS coating process, whereby a minimal distance 5 between target and substrate is reduced till achieving an essentially maximal bias current at substrate during coating process, and thereby improving considerably coating quality and increasing deposition rate in comparison with conventional HIPIMS coating processes.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for depositing a metal containing film on a substrate are disclosed. A reactor and at least one substrate disposed in the reactor are provided. A metal containing precursor is provided and introduced into the reactor, which is maintained at a temperature of at least 100° C. A metal is deposited on to the substrate through a deposition process to form a thin film on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following new polymers which are useful for hydrogen storage: (i) a polymer comprising -[MN2]— as a repeating unit, wherein M is selected from the group consisting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, Nb, Mo, and mixtures thereof; and (ii) a polymer comprising -[M2N3]— as a repeating unit, wherein M is selected from the group consisting Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zr, Nb, Mo, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In light of the recent analytical technology demanded of fast and accurate measurement of high purity materials, a zirconium crucible is provided for melting an analytical sample and is capable of inhibiting the inclusion of impurities from the crucible by using a high-purity crucible, improving the durability of high-purity zirconium as an expensive crucible material, and increasing the number of times that the zirconium crucible can be used. With this zirconium crucible used for melting an analytical sample in the pretreatment of the analytical sample, the purity excluding gas components is 3N or higher, and the content of carbon as a gas component is 100 mass ppm or less.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound. In particular, the disclosure provides a device and method used to produce a tubular structure made of a refractory metal compound by reacting a green tubular structure made of a refractory metal with at least one reactive gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for reducing halide-based contamination within deposited titanium-based thin films. Halide adsorbing materials are utilized within the deposition chamber to remove halides, such as chlorine and chlorides, during the deposition process so that contamination of the titanium-based film is minimized. A method for regenerating the halide adsorbing material is also provided.

Abstract: Nano-sized titanium nitride powder can be prepared by a simple process comprising subjecting mixed powder of titanium trichloride and lithium nitride to high-energy ball milling using a plurality of balls in an airtight reactor vessel under an inert gas atmosphere to form composite powder, and recovering the titanium nitride powder therefrom.

Abstract: A surface geometry for an implantable medical electrode that optimizes the electrical characteristics of the electrode and enables an efficient transfer of signals from the electrode to surrounding bodily tissue. The coating is optimized to increase the double layer capacitance and to lower the after-potential polarization for signals having a pulse width in a pre-determined range by keeping the amplitude of the surface geometry with a desired range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to proppants which can be used to prop open subterranean formation fractions. Proppant formulations are further disclosed which use one or more proppants of the present invention. Methods to prop open subterranean formation fractions are further disclosed. In addition, other uses for the proppants of the present invention are further disclosed, as well as methods of making the proppants.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a reactant comprises a reactant space and a reservoir space. The reactant space comprises a chemical complex capable of evolving the reactant when heated. The reservoir space, in turn, is in gas communication with the reactant space. The apparatus is operative to heat the chemical complex when a pressure of the reactant in the reservoir space is below a predetermined set-point, and to cool the chemical complex when the pressure of the reactant in the reservoir space is above the predetermined set-point.

Abstract: Metal containing materials and methods of forming the same are disclosed. One such method includes substantially concurrently feeding a flow of precursor gas containing a metal of a metal containing material and a flow of source gas containing a reducing agent so that the precursor gas and the source gas react to form a thickness of the metal containing material. The flow of precursor gas is discontinued, and while the flow of precursor gas is discontinued, the flow of source gas continues to be fed to contact the thickness of the metal containing material.

Abstract: A method and system for producing quantum confined metal nitride. The method includes immersing two electrodes into a nitrogen environment wherein at least one electrode includes an indium electrode, and passing an arc between the electrodes. The system includes a container for holding a bath of liquid nitrogen, two electrodes disposed inside the container so as to be immersed into the bath of liquid nitrogen, at least one of the two electrodes being a metal electrode, and a voltage source connected to the electrodes and configured to pass an arc between the electrodes.

Abstract: A polymer additive for improving the reheat characteristics of a polymer or polymeric composition comprises an inorganic material which is such that a 2.5 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate plaque incorporating the inorganic material has, when tested, an absorption ratio of less than 0.9, wherein the absorption ratio is either the ratio of A1/A2 or the ratio A1/A3, wherein: A1 is the maximum absorption between 400 nm and 550 nm; A2 is the maximum absorption between 700 to 1100 nm; A3 is the maximum absorption between 700 to 1600 nm. Preferred inorganic materials are titanium nitride, indium tin oxide and lanthanum hexaboride.

Abstract: Oxygen free, solution based zirconium precursors for use in ALD processes are disclosed for growing ZrO2 or other Zr compound films in a self-limiting and conformal manner. An oxygen free, solution based ALD precursor of (t-BuCp)2ZrMC2 is particular useful for depositing ZrO2 or other Zr compound films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pigment mixtures comprising at least two different particulate components A and B. The first component A comprises titanium suboxide(s), a titanium oxynitride or a titanium nitride species. Component B particle comprises inorganic, or organic pigments. The titanium suboxide particles display a bluish metallic luster, are new and form a further aspect of the present invention. When combined with particles from component B such as variously coated micas, for example, the bluish or bluish/black metallic color effect from component A leads to special color effects in the various mixtures.

Abstract: In the direct production of GaN by the metathesis of Li3N and GaCl3 or GaBr3 or GaI3, the reaction rate and yields can be greatly enhanced by including diethyl ether in the reaction system.

Abstract: Nano-sized titanium nitride powder can be prepared by a simple process comprising subjecting mixed powder of titanium trichloride and lithium nitride to high-energy ball milling using a plurality of balls in an airtight reactor vessel under an inert gas atmosphere to form composite powder, and recovering the titanium nitride powder therefrom.

Abstract: Hydrogen storage materials are provided that may be capable of a hydrogenated state and dehydrogenated state. The hydrogen storage material comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage molecular units. Each hydrogen storage molecular unit comprises a transition metal bonded to one or more elements from period 2 of the periodic table, wherein the hydrogen storage material includes at least 6.5% molecular hydrogen by weight when in the hydrogenated state and is stable at temperatures below about 200° C. and at pressures of about 1 atm and below. The hydrogen storage materials may be used in conjunction with fuel cells in portable electronic devices.

Abstract: A method for forming ammonia is disclosed and which includes the steps of forming a plasma; providing a source of metal particles, and supplying the metal particles to the plasma to form metal nitride particles; and providing a substance, and reacting the metal nitride particles with the substance to produce ammonia, and an oxide byproduct.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising titanium, such as nanoscale doped titanium metal compounds, inorganic titanium compounds, and organic titanium compounds, their methods of manufacture, and methods of preparation of products from nanoparticles comprising titanium are provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a powder, by which it is possible to adjust the strength of the obtained powder is provided. The manufacturing method of a powder involves a step of preparing a slurry containing agglomerated particles of a synthetic material which is produced by reacting a first material and a second material under agitation, and a step of drying the slurry to obtain a powder of the synthetic material. The method has a feature that the particle size of the agglomerated particles is adjusted by, in the step of preparing a slurry, controlling agitation power for agitating the slurry. In the step of preparing a slurry, it is preferable that the slurry is initially agitated at a first agitation power, and at the time when the viscosity of the slurry approaches its maximum value, or at the time when the pH value of the slurry reaches the vicinity of the isoelectric point of the synthetic material, the agitation power is lowered from the first agitation power to a second agitation power.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making alloys or ceramics by the subsurface injection of an equilibrium vapor of a boiling liquid of the ceramic or alloys constituents is disclosed. Various powders and products are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention pertains to complex mixtures of the formula M is a metal having a valence of from 2–6, L1 is an anionic ligand and L2 is a siloxide or silyl amide ligand suited for producing stable thin-film metal silicates, v is equal to the valence of the metal, and 0<x<v. The bonding is such that an M—O—Si or an M—N—Si linkage exists, respectively, and the stability for the complex is provided by the organic ligand. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the metal siloxide complexes. Thus, the complexes can be represented by the formulas (R)mM—(O—SiR1R2R3)n and (R)mM—[N—(SiR1R2R3)y(R4)2- y]n wherein M is a metal having a valence of 2–6, m and n are positive integers and m plus n is equal to the valence of the metal M. The R type groups, i.e., R, R1, R2, R3, and R4 represent an organo ligand.

Abstract: A method of continuously producing a non-oxide ceramic formed of a metal constituent and a non-metal constituent. A salt of the metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent and a compound of the non-metal constituent are introduced into a liquid alkali metal or a liquid alkaline earth metal or mixtures to react the constituents substantially submerged in the liquid metal to form ceramic particles. The liquid metal is present in excess of the stoichiometric amount necessary to convert the constituents into ceramic particles to absorb the heat of reaction to maintain the temperature of the ceramic particles below the sintering temperature. Ceramic particles made by the method are part of the invention.

Abstract: After an alloy powder including W, Cr, at least one of Ti, Zr, and Hf, and at least one of V, Nb, and Ta is produced, the alloy powder, a powdery carbon material, and a catalyst are heat-treated in the presence of a nitrogen gas. The alloy powder is carbonitrided into a multicomponent ceramics powder, and sintered into a sintered body. Alternatively, a powder of a first substance including at least two of Ti, Al, V, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mo, Ta, Cr, and W is molded into a molded body. Then, the surface of the molded body is surrounded by a second substance including a metal element which is not contained in the powder of the first substance, and the molded body is heat-treated in an atmosphere in which N is present. A porous sintered body thus produced is crushed into a multicomponent ceramics powder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oxides on suitable substrates, as converted from nitride precursors. A composition comprising a solid solution of zirconium nitride and yttrium nitride (YZN) represented by the formula (ZrxY1−x)N where x is a value from 0.1 to 0.9 is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises particle forming methods, laser pyrolysis particle forming methods, chemical mechanical polishing slurries, and chemical mechanical polishing processes. In but one preferred implementation, a particle forming method includes feeding a first set of precursors to a first energy application zone. Energy is applied to the first set of precursors in the first energy application zone effective to react and form solid particles from the first set of precursors. Application of any effective energy to the solid particles is ceased and the solid particles and a second set of precursors are fed to a second energy application zone. Energy is applied to the second set of precursors in the second energy application zone effective to react and form solid material about the solid particles from the second set of precursors. Preferably, at least one of the first and second applied energies comprises laser energy.

Abstract: A process for forming high quality crystalline refractory materials, particularly gallium (Ill) nitride (GaN), from solid precursors. By blending dry reactants in an oxygen and moisture free environment, placing the reactants in a sealed vessel, pressurizing the reactants to in excess of 5 kilobars (5000 atmospheres) and rapidly exposing the reactants to a temperature in excess of about 225.degree. C. The soluble salt by-products are then extracted from the resultant mixture, leaving high purity crystals of the nitride in the form of a fine powder.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing solid fine particulates has a substantially closed reaction vessel and a hollow gas input conduit inside the vessel formed with a multiplicity of similar outlet apertures each having a flow cross section of at most 2 mm.sup.2. The conduit has an overall cross-sectional area equal to at least 100 times the flow cross section of a one of the apertures. A foraminous structure in the vessel surrounds the conduit and an electrode is provided in the vessel outside the foraminous structure. A direct-current power supply has a negative side connected to the foraminous structure and a positive side connected to the electrode while the input conduit is at ground potential so that a glow discharge is created in the vessel between the foraminous structure and the electrode.

Abstract: Near net-shapeable nanostructured ceramic nitride powder and a process for producing the same by nitriding molecular precursor powder in a nitrogen containing atmosphere, e.g., in ammonia, to form nanostructured ceramic nitride powder.

Abstract: A method for making titanium nitride whiskers comprising reacting titanium in the presence of nitrogen in a direct nitridation reaction, concurrently reacting titania in the presence of nitrogen in a carbothermal nitridation reaction, optionally in the presence of a transport species reaction under conditions necessary to make titanium nitride whiskers.

Abstract: A spherical powder selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, titanium nitride containing a metal of the IVa, Va and VIa group of the periodic table, and titanium carbonitride containing a metal of the IVa, Va and VIa group of the periodic table, having an average grain size of more than 2 .mu.m and a narrow grain spectrum, is prepared by introducing into a reaction vessel a mixture of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of titanium metal, a metal of the IVa, Va and VIa group of the periodic table, and an oxide, carbide, nitride and carbonitride of said metals, and a carbon-containing substance, establishing a nitrogen atmosphere in the reaction vessel, heating the mixture in the reaction vessel to a temperature between 800.degree. C. and 2400.degree. C. and maintaining the temperature between 1400.degree. C. and 2000.degree. C.

Abstract: Processes for the direct manufacture of nitride powders suitable for low temperature sintering are provided. An elemental vapor is contacted with a nitriding gas at temperatures between 1400 and 1973 K and atmospheric pressure to produce nitride powder.

Abstract: A method for producing nitride ceramic powders includes steps of a) providing a powder, b) providing a nitride, c) providing a salt of ammonium halide, d) mixing the powder, the nitride, and the salt to form a reactant, e) wrapping up the reactant with an igniting agent, f) placing the reactant wrapped up with the igniting agent in a vessel, g) evacuating the vessel, h) igniting the igniting agent for initiating a combustion reaction to form the nitride ceramic powders. Such method can permit excellent nitride ceramic powders to be effectively produced.

Abstract: A process is described for producing ceramic fibres composed of titanium boride, zirconium boride or hafnium boride. The boride fibres are obtained by reacting a boron oxide precursor fibre with a titanium halide, zirconium halide or hafnium halide gas in the presence of hydrogen. Ceramic titanium, zirconium or hafnium nitride fibres may also be produced by the process, by means of the additional presence of nitrogen gas in the gas phase. The process is conducted at temperature higher than 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing titanium carbide, titanium nitride or titanium carbonitride. The process comprises placing particles of titanium, a titanium salt or titanium dioxide within a vessel and providing a carbon-containing atmosphere within the vessel. The vessel is heated to a pyrolysis temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the carbon to thereby coat the particles with a carbon coating. Thereafter, the carbon-coated particles are heated in an inert atmosphere to produce titanium carbide, or in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce titanium nitride or titanium carbonitride, with the heating being of a temperature and time sufficient to produce a substantially complete solid solution.

Abstract: A metal nitride powder can be made by heating a reactant powder that includes an oxide or hydroxide of Al, Ti, or Zr to a reaction temperature in a nonreactive atmosphere. The heated reactant powder is contacted with a gaseous reactant mixture comprising a nitrogen source and a carbon source. The molar ratio of nitrogen to carbon in the gaseous reactant mixture is at least about 15. The reactant powder is maintained at the reaction temperature for a sufficient time to convert a portion of it to metal nitride powder.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing and recovering metal nitrides from their ferrometal alloys and nickel metal alloys. Exemplary steps of the process involve niobium nitride prepared from ferroniobium alloys (FeNb) which are first hydrided to provide a friable, comminutable product which is then nitrided under conditions which form distinct phases of iron nitride and niobium nitride respectively.

Abstract: A metal nitride powder can be made by heating a reactant powder that includes an oxide or hydroxide of Al, Ti, or Zr to a reaction temperature in a nonreactive atmosphere. The heated reactant powder is contacted with a gaseous reactant mixture comprising a nitrogen source and a carbon source. The molar ratio of nitrogen to carbon in the gaseous reactant mixture is at least about 15. The reactant powder is maintained at the reaction temperature for a sufficient time to convert a portion of it to metal nitride powder.

Abstract: A powdered admixture of a boron, carbon, nitrogen or silicon derivative of a first metal is combined with a source of a second metal and, optionally, a source of a third metal or an iron-group metal, subjected to densification conditions (heat and pressure), partially reacted and converted to a hard, wear resistant material. The wear resistant material contains an amount of the first metal derivative as well as a material of varying stoichiometry which is the partial reaction product of components of the powdered admixture. The material may also contain residual, unreacted portions of components other than the first metal derivative. Articles formed from this material can be useful as, for example, nozzles in abrasive or nonabrasive waterjet cutting machines and various parts of wire drawing apparatus.