Abstract: A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.

Abstract: A multi-tubular reactor (1) comprising a cylindrical shell (2), a plurality of reaction tubes (10) located in the shell, and a disk-and-doughnut type baffle (5), wherein the reaction tubes (10) are arranged so as to be in a triangular configuration, one or more of the reaction tubes (10) is/are a temperature-measuring reaction tube(s) provided with a thermometer (20), and a line (BL) through a central axis of the temperature-measuring reaction tube and a central axis of the shell (2) forms an angle from 0 to 15 degree with a line (CL) through the central axis of the temperature-measuring reaction tube and a central axis of at least one adjacent reaction tube next to the temperature-measuring reaction tube, in a cross section of the reactor (1) perpendicular to the central axis of the shell (2), as well as a design and production method thereof.

Abstract: An efficient process is provided in which sulfur is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid phase to produce carbonyl sulfide. In the presence of a base catalyst, carbon monoxide is continuously introduced into a reactor in which a liquid reaction mixture obtained by dissolving or suspending sulfur in an organic solvent is held, and the sulfur is reacted with the carbon monoxide at a pressure of 0.2-3.0 MPa and a temperature of 40-120° C. to yield carbonyl sulfide. The gaseous-phase part is withdrawn from the reactor, and the withdrawn gaseous-phase part is cooled with a cooler to condense the carbonyl sulfide contained in the gaseous-phase part. The condensed carbonyl sulfide is continuously withdrawn, and the gas that has not been condensed with the cooler is returned to the reactor. Thus, carbonyl sulfide is continuously produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to purify COS and remove H2S without hydrolyzing or trapping the desired COS product.

Abstract: Methods of producing fibrous solid carbon forests include reacting carbon oxides with gaseous reducing agents in the presence of a catalyst having a predetermined grain size to cause growth of fibrous solid carbon forests upon a surface of the metal. The fibrous solid carbon forests are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the metal thus creating the “forests”. A bi-modal forest composition of matter is described in which a primary distribution of fibrous solid carbon comprises the forest and a secondary distribution of fibrous solid carbon is entangled with the primary distribution. A reactor includes a catalyst, a means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the catalyst, and a means for removing the solid carbon forest from the surface of the metal catalyst.

Abstract: A metal organic framework (MOF) includes a coordination product of a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic ligand, where the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas. A porous organic polymer (POP) includes polymerization product from at least a plurality of organic monomers, where the organic monomers are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the

Abstract: A method for preparing a suspension of LDH particles comprises the steps of preparing LDH precipitates by coprecipitation to form a mixture of LDH precipitates and solution; separating the LDH precipitates from the solution; washing the LDH precipitates to remove residual ions; mixing the LDH precipitates with water; and subjecting the mixture of LDH particles and water from step (d) to a hydrothermal treatment step by heating to a temperature of from greater than 80° C. to 150° C. for a period of about 1 hour to about 144 hours to form a well dispersed suspension of LDH particles in water.

Abstract: An efficient process is provided in which sulfur is reacted with carbon monoxide in a liquid phase to produce carbonyl sulfide. In the presence of a base catalyst, carbon monoxide is continuously introduced into a reactor in which a liquid reaction mixture obtained by dissolving or suspending sulfur in an organic solvent is held, and the sulfur is reacted with the carbon monoxide at a pressure of 0.2-3.0 MPa and a temperature of 40-120° C. to yield carbonyl sulfide. The gaseous-phase part is withdrawn from the reactor, and the withdrawn gaseous-phase part is cooled with a cooler to condense the carbonyl sulfide contained in the gaseous-phase part. The condensed carbonyl sulfide is continuously withdrawn, and the gas that has not been condensed with the cooler is returned to the reactor. Thus, carbonyl sulfide is continuously produced.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to purify COS and remove H2S without hydrolyzing or trapping the desired COS product.

Abstract: A method and system for storing and generating hydrogen. The method comprises generating hydrogen and heat from the reaction of a metal or metal compound with water. The heat generated from this reaction may then be converted to other forms of energy such as by passing the heat through a thermal electric device to recover electrical energy for storage in a battery. In an alternative and preferred embodiment, the heat is used to drive additional reactions for generating more hydrogen and is preferably used to drive an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction resulting in increased hydrogen generation and consumption of the heat.

Abstract: An improved activated carbon adsorbent for disk drives that has improved or increased adsorption capacity for moisture between 25% RH and 45% RH while optionally maintaining good capacity for organic vapors, acid gasses and moisture at 95% RH.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing carbonyl difluoride. This process includes the steps of (a) reacting carbon monoxide with a first metal fluoride in a reactor, thereby obtaining carbonyl difluoride and a second metal fluoride having in the molecule a fluorine atom number less than that of the first metal fluoride; and (b) reacting the second metal fluoride with fluorine in the reactor, thereby obtaining the first metal fluoride. The steps (a) and (b) are alternately repeated in the reactor, thereby repeatedly producing carbonyl difluoride.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and optionally nitrogen, from at least a hydrocarbon such as methane, propane, butane or LPG or natural gas, which comprises performing a partial catalytic oxidation of one or several hydrocarbons, at a temperature of 500° C., at a pressure of 3 to 20 bars, in the presence of oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, such as air, to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Recuperating the gas mixture, which can subsequently be purified or separated, by pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption or by permeation, to produce hydrogen having a purity of at least 80% and a residue gas capable of supplying a cogeneration unit. In another embodiment, the gas mixture can subsequently be purified of its water vapor impurities and carbon dioxide to obtain a thermal treatment atmosphere containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen.

Abstract: A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing carbonyl difluoride. This process includes the steps of (a) reacting carbon monoxide with a first metal fluoride in a reactor, thereby obtaining carbonyl difluoride and a second metal fluoride having in the molecule a fluorine atom number less than that of the first metal fluoride; and (b) reacting the second metal fluoride with fluorine in the reactor, thereby obtaining the first metal fluoride. The steps (a) and (b) are alternately repeated in the reactor, thereby repeatedly producing carbonyl difluoride.

Abstract: A fuel processing system is operative to remove substantially all of the sulfur present in a logistic fuel stock supply. The fuel stock can be gasoline, diesel fuel, or other like fuels which contain relatively high levels of organic sulfur compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and the like. The system is a part of a fuel cell power plant. The fuel stock supply is fed through a reformer where the fuel is converted to a hydrogen rich fuel which contains hydrogen sulfide. The hydrogen sulfide-containg reformer exhaust is passed through a sulfur scrubber, to which is added a small quantity of air, which scrubber removes substantially all of the sulfur in the exhaust stream by means of the Claus reaction. The desulfurizing step causes sulfur to deposit on the scrubber bed, which after a period of time, will prevent further sulfur from being removed from the reformer exhaust stream.

Abstract: A process of preparing individually-isolated, carbon-coated nanoscale metal particles is disclosed. The process is effected by sonicating a mixture of a metal carbonyl and a hydrocarbon solvent that is selected so as to polymerize during sonication. Air-stable and aqueous solution-stable, carbon-coated nanoscale metal particles and a process of preparing same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process and composition for removing metal carbonyls and moisture from a gas wherein the gas is contacted with a metal oxide, an organometallic oxide or mixtures thereof having a reduction potential greater than about 0.175 volts and a composition capable of removing moisture from the gas.

Abstract: A process for producing phosgene is disclosed which involves contacting a mixture comprising CO and Cl.sub.2 (e.g, at about 300.degree. C. or less) with a silicon carbide catalyst having a surface area of at least 10 m.sup.2.g.sup.-1.

Abstract: A process and composition for removing metal carbonyls and moisture from a gas wherein the gas is contacted with a metal oxide, an organometallic oxide or mixtures thereof having a reduction potential greater than about 0.175 volts and a composition capable of removing moisture from the gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of light olefins comprising olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule from a crude oxygenate feedstock. The crude oxygenate feedstock comprises an alcohol, and water. The process comprises passing the crude oxygenate feedstock to catalyst to a distillation with reaction zone to convert the alcohol to an ether and produce an ether product having a reduced water relative to the crude oxygenate feedstock and a first water stream. The ether product is passed to an oxygenate conversion zone containing a metal aluminosilicate catalyst to produce a light olefin stream.

Abstract: A method for producing cyclopentadienes which comprises the step of cyclodehydration of an unsaturated carbonyl compound having a specific chemical structure in a vapor phase in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst. The cyclopentadienes of the invention can be produced in a high yield from inexpensive starting materials through a simplified reaction process and are useful as intermediate compounds for organic synthesis.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the catalytic production of hydrogen from the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide with the elimination of the carbonyl sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide by-products. The carbonyl sulfide and the sulfur dioxide are combusted or reacted in one or more reaction steps with each other, oxygen and/or hydrogen sulfide to produce carbon dioxide, water, sulfur or sulfuric acid or a combination of these.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing continuous CVD diamond films with at least two controlled diamond thermal conductivity layers having improved thermal conductivity in the direction parallel to the diamond film plane to increasing the lateral heat spreading ability of the diamond film. Also, disclosed is a method to decrease the time to deposit high thermal conducting diamond by chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An improved catalytic reduction process for the direct recovery of elemental sulfur from various SO.sub.2 -containing industrial gas streams. The catalytic process provides combined high activity and selectivity for the reduction of SO.sub.2 to elemental sulfur product with carbon monoxide or other reducing gases. The reaction of sulfur dioxide and reducing gas takes place over certain catalyst formulations based on cerium oxide. The process is a single-stage, catalytic sulfur recovery process in conjunction with regenerators, such as those used in dry, regenerative flue gas desulfurization or other processes, involving direct reduction of the SO.sub.2 in the regenerator off gas stream to elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A thermochemical cycle for the recovery of hydrogen and sulfur by splitting hydrogen sulfide, based upon initial reactions between the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. The cycle exists in three versions, two utilizing the initial reaction of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioixide. One of these versions utilizes high temperature for the initial step for production of carbon monoxide for use in the shift reaction to produce hydrogen. The other conducts the initial step of moderate temperature in the presence of a desiccant to increase the yields of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide, which are subsequently subjected to high temperature reactions to produce the carbon monoxide for the shift reaction.

Abstract: A process for the removal of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans from a hydrocarbon-containing feed gas:(a) contacting the feed gas with an adsorbent capable of removing hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans from the feed gas at effective conditions to produce a treated gas having reduced concentrations of hydrogen sulfide alkyl mercaptans;(b) contacting the treated gas with a liquid medium capable of removing carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans from the treated gas at effective conditions to produce a product gas having reduced concentrations of carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans;(c) contacting a spent absorbent laden with hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans with a normally liquid fraction at effective desorption conditions to produce a regenerated adsorbent and a regeneration effluent having increased concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and alkyl mercaptans; and(d) utilizing the regenerated adsorbent as at least a portion of the adsorbent in step (a).

Abstract: Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is prepared by carbonylating diammonium oxopentachloromolybdate (V) (NH.sub.4).sub.2 (MoOCl.sub.5) at pressures up to about 2000 psig and temperatures up to about 150.degree. C. in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, using a metallic reductant such as magnesium and an oxygen scavenger such as aluminum trichloride.

Abstract: Process for the removal of hydrogen sulphide from a gas mixture comprising passing the gas mixture through a reactor (2) filled with catalyst for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide to carbonyl sulphide, and separating the gas mixture leaving reactor (2) in a separator (7) at a temperature below the boiling point of carbonyl suplhide in a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction in which the carbonyl sulphide is absorbed.

Abstract: An integrated process for removal of hydrogen sulfide and water from a natural gas stream by contacting a natural gas stream containing hydrogen sulfide, water, and CO.sub.2 with molecular sieves that act both as an adsorbent for hydrogen sulfide and water and as a catalyst for the reaction for conversion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide to carbonyl sulfide. About 92 to about 95 volume percent of an inlet natural gas stream is passed into contact with molecular sieves to produce a salable gas. A portion of this salable gas is used as regeneration fluid for the molecular sieve contactors and the regeneration gas effluent from the regeneration process is diluted with the remainder of the inlet gas stream and subjected to further adsorption/conversion contact with molecular sieves to produce salable gas that is mixed with the first treated gas stream.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytic composition containing an oxide and/or sulfide of at least one of molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium and vanadium in combination with at least one promoter metal, e.g. a catalyst of the formulaCs Cu.sub.0.2 Zn.sub.0.5 Mn.sub.0.5 Sn.sub.2.4 Mo O.sub.x S.sub.y.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal intercalate of graphite catalyst, e.g. cobalt Graphimet.sup.(R).

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a precious metal promoted multi-metal oxide/sulfide catalytic composition, e.g. a catalyst of the formula:Ag.sub.0.1 Ni.sub.0.45 Cu.sub.0.45 MoO.sub.x S.sub.y.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contracting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a heteropolymolybdate or tungstate complex. Use of these catalysts reduce the amount of by-product carbon dioxide and methane formation and thus enhance the make of hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide.

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide are produced by a process comprising contacting gaseous hydrogen sulfide with gaseous carbon monoxide in the presence of a metal boride, carbide, nitride and/or silicide catalyst, such as titanium carbide, vanadium boride, manganese nitride or molybdenum silicide.

Abstract: An integrated process to selectively remove and separate H.sub.2 S, CO.sub.2 and COS from a feed gas stream is disclosed. The process involves three separate absorption/regeneration steps. In the first step the feed gas is contacted with an absorbent solution to selectivity remove CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S but not COS. The COS-rich stream is then contacted in another stage to selectively remove the COS. After stripping the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 S gaseous stream from the first stage, the acid gas stream is contacted with a separate absorption stream to selectively remove the H.sub.2 S. As a result four separate gaseous streams are produced--a purified acid gas-free stream, a COS stream, an H.sub.2 S stream and a CO.sub.2 stream.

Abstract: Chlorine-containing organic compounds are reacted with a sulfur-containing stream to produce hydrogen chloride, carbon disulfide, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen chloride and carbon disulfide are recovered as products. Hydrogen sulfide is recovered as a product or converted into elemental sulfur for recycle using chlorine or oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: Shaped titanium oxide catalysts/carriers useful, e.g., for sulfur recovery via Claus catalysis, are prepared by (i) intimately admixing powdered, poorly crystalline and/or amorphous titanium oxide, said titanium oxide powder being characterized by a weight loss on ignition ranging from 1 to 50%, water and from 0 to about 15% by weight of a shaping additive, (ii) next shaping the intimate admixture which results, and (iii) thence, optionally after drying, calcining the product shaped article.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for gasifying solid carbonaceous material at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a gas consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which comprises forming a slurry at atmospheric pressure of the carbonaceous material with a liquid having a specific gravity of from 1.1 to 1.9, a boiling temperature of at least 70.degree. F., a latent heat of vaporization less than about 200 BTU per pound, a critical temperature which is less than the incipient coking temperature of the carbonaceous material, a stability at temperatures up to 600.degree. F., an essentially inert chemical reaction with the carbonaceous material at temperatures less than about 600.degree. F., an immiscibility with water or solubility in water at no more than 5%, and a dissolving ability for hydrogen sulfide at temperatures of from -40 to 250.degree. F.

Abstract: Carbonyl sulfide is prepared with an enhanced purity by a process wherein carbon monoxide is caused to bubble through molten sulfur maintained at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 440.degree. C.; and, the resulting gaseous mixture is maintained at a reaction temperature exceeding 510.degree. C. but not higher than 650.degree. C.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide is reacted with sulfur in the vapor phase at 250.degree.-650.degree. C. to prepare carbonyl sulfide, wherein a reactor is used, in which at least the inner surface is made of an alloy consisting essentially of, based on the weight of the alloy, 20-60% of Cr, 40-65% of Ni, 0-10% of Mo, 0-4% of Nb+Ta, and 0-3% of Fe. The reactor not only possesses good corrosion resistance to the gaseous reaction mixture, but also minimizes the reduction in the purity of carbonyl sulfide produced, which reduction occurs with the lapse of operation time.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of carbon disulfide from a flue gas. A stream of sulfur dioxide is removed from a flue gas and introduced into a first reduction reactor containing a chromium promoted iron oxide catalyst where the sulfur dioxide is reduced to carbonyl sulfide. The carbonyl sulfide is introduced into a second reduction reactor which contains an active alumina catalyst. The carbonyl sulfide decomposes to carbon disulfide which is recovered.

Abstract: Methyl mercaptan is prepared by hydrogenating carbonyl sulfide in the presence of a sulfactive catalyst. The carbonyl sulfide is prepared by reacting carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide in the presence of a supported phosphotungstic acid catalyst.

Abstract: A reducing gas stream containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and water, as steam, is passed through a molten sulfur to vaporize sulfur. The gas stream containing the vaporized sulfur is passed through a catalytic conversion zone where at a controlled temperature of from about 500.degree. to about 800.degree. F sulfur is converted to hydrogen sulfide. The introduced steam optionally coupled with a water quench following hydrogenation of sulfur serves to suppress carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide formation.

Abstract: Carbonyl sulfide is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with sulfur in the presence of an alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium or barium sulfides sulfates and halides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cobalt-platinum catalyst for promoting the addition of .tbd.Si-H compounds to unsaturated organic compounds which comprises reacting platinum dichloride with dicobalt octacarbonyl in the presence of an inert solvent at a temperature up to about 52.degree. C.