Abstract: A graphene wiring structure of an embodiment has: an amorphous or polycrystalline insulating film; and a multilayer graphene on the insulating film. The multilayer graphene including a plurality of graphene crystals having a zigzag direction is oriented at 17 degrees or less with respect to an electric conduction direction on the insulating film.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing a mixed metal oxide composition comprising oxides of nickel, cobalt, copper and iron in a hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of the respective metals, the improvement wherein the atmosphere further comprises water vapor at a concentration, temperature and time to effect selective reduction of the oxides of nickel cobalt and copper relative to the iron oxide to produce the metallic mixture having a reduced ratio of metallic iron relative to metallic nickel, cobalt and copper.

Abstract: A method for preparing a suspension of LDH particles comprises the steps of preparing LDH precipitates by coprecipitation to form a mixture of LDH precipitates and solution; separating the LDH precipitates from the solution; washing the LDH precipitates to remove residual ions; mixing the LDH precipitates with water; and subjecting the mixture of LDH particles and water from step (d) to a hydrothermal treatment step by heating to a temperature of from greater than 80° C. to 150° C. for a period of about 1 hour to about 144 hours to form a well dispersed suspension of LDH particles in water.

Abstract: The formation method of graphene includes the steps of forming a layer including graphene oxide over a first conductive layer; and supplying a potential at which the reduction reaction of the graphene oxide occurs to the first conductive layer in an electrolyte where the first conductive layer as a working electrode and a second conductive layer with a as a counter electrode are immersed. A manufacturing method of a power storage device including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator includes a step of forming graphene for an active material layer of one of or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the formation method.

Abstract: A method of modifying a carbon material is disclosed. The method comprises: bonding a metal to a carbon material to form a metal-carbon complex comprising the metal and a benzene unit, wherein the carbon material comprises extended sp2-bonded carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new rhenium compounds of formula (I) with medical utility, corresponding pharmaceutical compositions as well as medical uses thereof.

Abstract: An olefin metathesis catalyst and method for producing same is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser hydrolysis. For this purpose, a precursor interacts with a laser beam (LAS) in a pyrolysis reactor (REAC) for producing nanoparticles (nP), characterized in that the precursor is firstly in the liquid state and is then converted into the vapor phase and in that the flow rate of the precursor is controlled in the liquid phase.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for providing an Au-containing layer onto a surface of a work piece, which method comprises: providing 510 a deposition fluid comprising Au(CO)Cl; depositing 520 the fluid on at least part of the surface of the work piece; and directing 530 a charged particle beam toward the surface of the work piece onto which at least part of the fluid is deposited to decompose Au(CO)Cl thereby forming the Au-containing layer on the surface of the work piece. By using Au(CO)Cl as a precursor for charged particle induced deposition, a gold Au layer may be deposited with a very high purity compared to methods known in the art.

Abstract: A high efficiency method or process is provided for converting CO2 (carbon dioxide) to a mineralised compound. The method provides for the preparation of an aqueous solution of water and coal ash or coal residue which when contacted by CO2 bind or convert the CO2 into carbonates. The process can be carried out in in situ coal liquefaction mines. This process may be used to convert CO2 in large quantities where the CO2 is in concentrated volumes possibly sourced as a by-product from some process of industry. In another variation of the application of this process CO2 may be directly captured from the atmosphere utilizing airflow over a contact surface or by spraying of one of the aqueous solutions of this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of nanoparticles by laser hydrolysis. For this purpose, a precursor interacts with a laser beam (LAS) in a pyrolysis reactor (REAC) for producing nanoparticles (nP), characterized in that the precursor is firstly in the liquid state and is then converted into the vapour phase and in that the flow rate of the precursor is controlled in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A chlorine-containing resin composition for covering an electric wire of the present invention, has a heat stability of not less than 240 minutes and a volume resistivity of 5.0?1013 to 1.0×1016 ?·cm when measured according to JIS K6723, and comprises: 100 parts by weight of a chlorine-containing resin, and 1.5 to 10 parts by weight of Mg—Al-based hydrotalcite-type particles having a composition represented by the formula: [MgxCay]·Alz·(OH)2·An?p·mH2O wherein 0.2?z/(x+z)?0.6; 0.01?y/(x+z)?0.20; x+y+z=1; p=(2(x+y?1)+3z)/n; A is a n-valent anion; and m is more than 0 and not more than 0.75, having a plate surface diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 ?m and a thickness of 0.02 to 0.08 ?m, and containing calcium at a molar ratio of Ca to a sum of Mg and Al of 0.01:1 to 0.20:1, and having a heat-resisting time of not less than 4 hours upon a chlorine-containing resin composition containing the Mg—Al-based hydrotalcite-type particles.

Abstract: Iron pentacarbonyl is prepared by reacting iron with carbon monoxide in suspension and in the presence of a mixture of alkali metal sulfide and sulfur as a catalyst.

Abstract: Iron pentacarbonyl is prepared by reacting iron with carbon monoxide in suspension and in the presence of a polysulfide of the general formula RSxR? as a catalyst, where R is an organic radical and x is a number from 2 to 8.

Abstract: A process for producing Ni(CO)4 from carbon monoxide and a source of nickel selected from the group consisting of elemental nickel, a nickel compound or mixtures thereof, provided the nickel compound is not nickel chloride per se or in admixture with a nickel carbonate ore, in an amount greater than 50% W/W nickel chloride; which process comprises (a) treating the nickel source with hydrogen at a pressure of at least atmospheric pressure and an effective temperature, in the presence of chloride anion or an in situ generator thereof precursor, to produce a resultant nickel; (b) reacting the carbon monoxide with the resultant nickel to produce the Ni(CO)4; and collecting the Ni(CO)4. The process offers the production of Ni(CO)4 at atmospheric pressure and at a sufficiently high rate for direct use in subsequent deposition processes without the need for storage facilities.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and optionally nitrogen, from at least a hydrocarbon such as methane, propane, butane or LPG or natural gas, which comprises performing a partial catalytic oxidation of one or several hydrocarbons, at a temperature of 500° C., at a pressure of 3 to 20 bars, in the presence of oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, such as air, to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Recuperating the gas mixture, which can subsequently be purified or separated, by pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption or by permeation, to produce hydrogen having a purity of at least 80% and a residue gas capable of supplying a cogeneration unit. In another embodiment, the gas mixture can subsequently be purified of its water vapor impurities and carbon dioxide to obtain a thermal treatment atmosphere containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen.

Abstract: A process for producing Ni(CO)4 from carbon monoxide and a source of nickel selected from the group consisting of elemental nickel, a nickel compound or mixtures thereof, provided the nickel compound is not nickel chloride per se or in admixture with a nickel carbonate ore, in an amount greater than 50% W/W nickel chloride; which process comprises (a) treating the nickel source with hydrogen at a pressure of at least atmospheric pressure and an effective temperature, in the presence of chloride anion or an in situ generator thereof precursor, to produce a resultant nickel; (b) reacting the carbon monoxide with the resultant nickel to produce the Ni(CO)4; and collecting the Ni(CO)4. The process offers the production of Ni(CO)4 at atmospheric pressure and at a sufficiently high rate for direct use in subsequent deposition processes without the need for storage facilities.

Abstract: Transition metals may be recovered from a salt-containing mixture containing at least one transition metal compound, salts, and organic compounds by separating from the salt-containing mixture a mixture of the transition metal compound and the salts. This mixture, together with any organic impurities, is introduced into a combustion zone, and the flue gas/salt mixture leaving the combustion zone is quenched with water. The combustion residue, containing the transition metal, is separated from the resulting quench solution, dried, and converted to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: Processes for producing tungsten nitride and tungsten nitride films are provided in which a tungsten carbonyl compound and a nitrogen-containing reactant gas are reacted at a temperature below about 600° C. Tungsten nitride precursors are also included which comprise a tungsten carbonyl compound capable of forming a tungsten nitride film in the presence of a nitrogen-containing reactant gas at a temperature of less than about 600° C.

Abstract: Reticulated vitrified carbon compositions which contain particles of Cu, Sn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, or alloys or mixtures thereof dispersed therein and reticulated vitreous carbon compositions wherein some or all of said metal or alloy particles have been converted into salts or mixtures of salts thereof. Processes for the preparation of such compositions.

Abstract: Novel stable forms of technetium and methods for their production are provided. These methods have particular application for the removal of technetium from industrial waste compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the recovery and refining of rhodium starting from a mixture containing rhodium and other transition metals, including those of the platinum Group, as well as metals of the main Groups, said process comprising the following passages: a) formation of an adduct between rhodium trichloride and a halide of a metal selected from metals of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IVB, VB and VIB; b) carbonylation of the precipitated adduct, deriving from passage a) with the formation of rhodium halogen carbonyls and c) sublimation of the carbonylated product obtained in the previous passage. The main advantage of the above process consists in the production of an extremely pure product, with excellent yields.

Abstract: Primarily dedicated to the production of ultrafine particles with good dispersion stability on a industrial scale, the invention provides ultrafine particles characterized in that each of its constituent particles comprises a shell substantially composed of a metal organic compound and a core substantially composed of the metal derived from the metal organic compound, the ultrafine particles having a mean diameter of 1-100 nm, and a process for producing the ultrafine particles.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbonyl iron silicide comprises heat treatment of an iron/silicon mixture comprising a) from 20 to 99.9% by weight of finely divided carbonyl iron and b) from 0.1 to 80% by weight of finely divided silicon powder. Also provided are a carbonyl iron silicide obtainable by alloying carbonyl iron with silicon and a carbonyl iron suicide which has a higher inductance than carbonyl iron powder.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for preparing gaseous compositions comprising a metal carbonyl, preferably at ppm concentration, are disclosed. The methods comprise placing metal, preferably in the form of filings, of the metal carbonyl to be produced into a first test vessel at a first temperature, and then pressurizing the first test vessel with a gas comprising carbon monoxide from a carbon monoxide source vessel. The contents of the first vessel are then heated to a second temperature and at a rate sufficient to initiate metal carbonyl formation, thereby forming a gas composition comprising a metal carbonyl. The reaction is then quenched by transferring some of the gas composition comprising a metal carbonyl from the first test vessel to a second test vessel which is at a third temperature, the third temperature being lower than the second temperature. Finally, the gas composition is diluted in the second test vessel with an inert gas (preferably argon) from an inert gas source container.

Abstract: A process and composition for removing metal carbonyls and moisture from a gas wherein the gas is contacted with a metal oxide, an organometallic oxide or mixtures thereof having a reduction potential greater than about 0.175 volts and a composition capable of removing moisture from the gas.

Abstract: A process and composition for removing metal carbonyls and moisture from a gas wherein the gas is contacted with a metal oxide, an organometallic oxide or mixtures thereof having a reduction potential greater than about 0.175 volts and a composition capable of removing moisture from the gas.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor crystal has a reduced dislocation density reduced. The compound semiconductor crystal doped with an impurity satisfies the following relations, wherein c.c. represents its carrier concentration and .eta. represents its activation factor:.eta..ltoreq.c.c./(7.8.times.10.sup.15) (1).eta..ltoreq.(10/19).times.(197-2.54.times.10.sup.-17 .times.c.c.) (2).eta..gtoreq.c.c./(3.6.times.10.sup.16) (3)A method which can prepare a compound semiconductor crystal doped with an impurity and having a prescribed carrier concentration with excellent reproducibility comprises the steps of melting a raw material for the compound semiconductor crystal in a crucible, and controllably cooling raw material melt, making thereby growing a crystal. The time required for cooling the raw material melt from the melting point T of the raw material to 2/3T is so controlled as to adjust the carrier concentration to a prescribed level.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for the removal of gaseous impurities from an impure gas stream of hydrogen contaminated with carbon monoxide, and with one or more additional impurities such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, water, methane.The impure gas stream is first contacted with elemental nickel in a first reaction zone under nickel-carbonyl forming conditions thereby converting substantially all the carbon monoxide to nickel carbonyl, thereby producing a partially purified gas stream.The partially purified gas stream is then contacted with Ti.sub.2 Ni or certain manganese-containing alloys in a second reaction zone to produce a fully purified gas stream.

Abstract: Glass vessels are coated by spraying a solution containing 86 to 1,290 g/L of (HO).sub.x Sn(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.y on the 500.degree. to 600.degree. C. hot outer surface of the vessels. The solution may contain oxalic acid, HCl and a portion of the (HO).sub.x Sn(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.y compound may be substituted by a compound (OH).sub.2 SnCl.sub.2. The coatings are uniform.

Abstract: Metal carbides can be formed by the pyrolysis of a composition comprising metal and carboxylic acid residues bonded therein, the composition being substantially free of extraneous carbon and also having metal moieties that are not in the substituent position. Dicarboxylic acids, for example, can be reacted with either metal alkoxides or metal halides to form an oligomer or polymer which can be calcined to the metal carbide. Alternatively, a metal alkoxide can be reacted with a monocarboxylic acid to form a metal alkoxide carboxylate which can be heated to the metal carbide. Finally, a metal carboxylate can be heated to form the desired metal carbide.

Abstract: Cobalt is recovered from the oil/water mixed reaction product of oxonation by increasing the carbon dioxide level in the reaction product and adjusting the temperature to enhance the carbon dioxide level in the oil water phase to promote the formation of cobalt carbonate which is allowed to settle and may be removed and/or recycled increasing cobalt utilization and reducing environmental problems.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for the production of vapors of a liquid iron compound. The apparatus contains a vertical evaporator element which has an internal heating unit and an apparatus for introducing a regulated amount of the liquid iron compound onto the surface of the evaporator element. The evaporator element being enclosed in a gas tight housing into which a purge gas may be introduced to carry the resultant vapors out of the housing to a reactor chamber.Also disclosed is a method for evaporating a liquid iron compound comprising placing the liquid iron compound onto the surface of the heated evaporator element, thereby causing the iron compound to vaporize and then carrying the vaporized iron compound out of the evaporator with a purge gas.Further disclosed is a method for forming iron oxide using the evaporator.

Abstract: Catalysts suitable for the dimerization of a diolefin, e.g. butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene, are prepared by reacting (1) iron chloride and sodium nitrite or alternatively (2) iron nitrosyl chloride with (3) carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of iron. The catalyst solution is preferably filtered prior to use. While the reaction employing iron chloride and sodium nitrile is preferred, the catalyst produced by either method contains a minimum of reducing agent and by-products. It can be isolated and stored in the absence of diolefin monomer and carbon monoxide while retaining its stability and activity.

Abstract: Iron nitrosyl carbonyl catalyst is prepared by dissolving impure iron nitrosyl carbonyl in a solvent solution, then adding sufficient miscible non-solvent to the solution to result in separation of the mixture into an upper layer and a lower layer containing iron nitrosyl carbonyl. Preferably, the solvent is used in preparation of the iron nitrosyl carbonyl, and the solution is, therefore, the product of the preparation. The miscible non-solvent is added to the product solution to effect separation of layers for isolation of purified iron nitrosyl carbonyl product.

Abstract: A chromium additive of the formula: Cr.sub.x C.sub.y O.sub.z where 0.04.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35, and 0.03.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.30 for x=1, said additive having an X ray diffraction peak at d=3.32 .ANG. (2.theta.=26.8.degree.).

Abstract: Catalysts suitable for the dimerization of a diolefin, e.g. butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene, are prepared by reacting (1) iron chloride and sodium nitrite or alternatively (2) iron nitrosyl chloride with (3) carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of a readily oxidizable metal, e.g. tin. The catalyst solution is filtered prior to use to remove particulate matter such as unreacted tin.While the reaction employing iron chloride and sodium nitrite is preferred, the catalyst produced by either method contains a minimum of reducing agent and by-products. It can be isolated and stored in the absence of the butadiene monomer while retaining its stability and activity.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of Iron-cobalt powders by reacting iron tricobalt hydrido dodecacarbonyl with iron pentacarbonyl and pyrolyzing the resulting metal-organic iron cobalt clusters.

Abstract: Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is prepared by carbonylating diammonium oxopentachloromolybdate (V) (NH.sub.4).sub.2 (MoOCl.sub.5) at pressures up to about 2000 psig and temperatures up to about 150.degree. C. in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, using a metallic reductant such as magnesium and an oxygen scavenger such as aluminum trichloride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for deironing red mud and bauxite and for the preparation of a raw material for alumina industry and of iron pentacarbonyl which comprises(a) activating the red mud or bauxite starting material at 150.degree.-800.degree. C. under a pressure of 0.1-100 bars in a reducing gas stream in the presence of one or more promoter(s) and thereafter(b) carbonylating at 50.degree.-300.degree. C. under a pressure of 25-300 bars with carbon monoxide or a gas containing carbon monoxide and removing the iron pentacarbonyl formed from the system.The advantage of the present invention is that it provides a process for the effective removal of the iron content of red mud or bauxite and moreover it enables the utilization of the removed iron in the valuable form of iron pentacarbonyl which is suitable for use in iron metallurgy.

Abstract: Alkali or alkaline earth metal cobalttetracarbonylates well suited for catalyzing carbonylation reactions, e.g., the carbonylation of organic compounds comprising halomethyl functions, are facilely prepared by reacting a cobalt (II) compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of (i) an inorganic base which comprises an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or an alkali or alkaline earth metal bicarbonate and (ii) at least one sulfur compound having at least one sulfur atom, the oxidation state of which being no greater than +3, and in a reaction medium comprising water, an alcohol, an ether, or admixture of water and an alcohol or an ether.

Abstract: An improved process for making tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl, Rh.sub.4 (CO).sub.12, reacts RhCl.sub.3.xH.sub.2 O with CO under about 200 psig (14.06 kg/cm.sup.2) at a temperature of about 50.degree. C. in the presence of copper metal and an alkali metal halide, e.g. NaCl. The product mixture is contacted with a chlorinated solvent, e.g. CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, which dissolves the desired product and is subsequently recovered by evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides the novel ruthenium carbonylate anions [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.11 ].sup.6- and [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.17 ].sup.4- and [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.16 ].sup.6-, together with the salts and acids of these anions. The former anion can be prepared by reduction of either Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 or [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 ].sup.4- with controlled amounts of an alkali metal in the presence of an electron carrier compound, while the latter two anions are prepared by a similar reduction of [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.18 ].sup.2-. [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.16 ].sup.6- can also be prepared by a similar reduction of [Ru.sub.6 (CO).sub.17 ].sup.4-.

Abstract: This invention relates to the formation of metal carbonyls from metal oxides and specially the formation of molybdenum carbonyl and iron carbonyl from their respective oxides. Copper is used here in admixed form or used in chemically combined form as copper molybdate. The copper/metal oxide combination or combined copper is utilized with a solvent, such as toluene and subjected to carbon monoxide pressure of 25 atmospheres or greater at about 150.degree.-260.degree. C. The reducing metal copper is employed in catalytic concentrations or combined concentrations as CuMoO.sub.4 and both hydrogen and water present serve as promoters. It has been found that the yields by this process have been salutary and that additionally the catalytic metal may be reused in the process to good effect.

Abstract: Compositions conforming to the formula A.sub.x.sup.++ B.sub.y.sup.+++ (OH).sub.2x+3y-nz D.sub.z.sup.n-.tH.sub.2 O wherein A is a divalent metal, B is a trivalent metal, D is a polyanion, x, y, z and t are numbers greater than zero and n is a whole number preferably from 1 to 10 and the ratio of x:y is equal to or greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 10 and a method for preparing said compositions are described.

Abstract: A homogeneous catalytic process for the conversion of methanol to methyl acetate. The process comprises contacting CO with methanol in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an iron-cobalt carbonyl complex of the formula M[FeCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 ] or M[CoFe.sub.3 (CO).sub.13 ] where M is hydrogen or a cation and an iodide promoter, heating the resultant mixture at temperatures of from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. at pressures of from 5 to 100 MPa.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the improved process of this invention, dicobalt octacarbonyl is produced in an olefinic medium by contacting an aqueous solution of a tetracarbonylcobaltate metal salt with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an olefinic extractant for dicobalt octacarbonyl to oxidize the tetracarbonylcobaltate anion to dicobalt octacarbonyl which is efficiently extracted into the olefinic phase, thereby producing an organic phase which can then be recovered and passed to a cobalt-catalyzed olefin hydroformylation reaction zone as source of at least a portion of the catalyst and olefin required in the olefin hydroformylation reaction to form the corresponding aldehydes.

Abstract: A process for producing a tri-osmium heteronuclear metal carbonyl compound comprises establishing a reaction mixture comprising an electron deficient cobalt, nickel, iron, molybdenum or rhodium carbonyl, H.sub.2 Os.sub.3 (CO).sub.10 and a solvent in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and recovering the tri-osmium heteronuclear metal carbonyl compound from the reaction mixture. Some of the cobalt, molybdenum and rhodium carbonyls produced are new.

Abstract: Disclosed are the novel cluster compounds [HRu.sub.4 (CO).sub.13 ].sup.1-, [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.13 ].sup.2-, [Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 ].sup.4-, [HRu.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 ].sup.3-, and salts thereof, and H.sub.4 Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.12. Also disclosed are novel procedures for synthesizing these cluster compounds in high yield. Further disclosed is a novel procedure for making H.sub.2 Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.13 and H.sub.4 Ru.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 in high yield. Also disclosed are [Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.11 ].sup.2- and the corresponding osmium dianion.