Abstract: Compounds are provided comprising at least one neutral, positive, or negative hydrogen species having a binding energy greater than its corresponding ordinary hydrogen species, or greater than any hydrogen species for which the corresponding ordinary hydrogen species is unstable or is not observed. Compounds comprise at least one increased binding energy hydrogen species and at least one other atom, molecule, or ion other than an increased binding energy hydrogen species. One group of such compounds contains one or more increased binding energy hydrogen species selected from the group consisting of Hn, Hn?, and Hn+ where n is a positive integer, with the proviso that n is greater than 1 when H has a positive charge.

Abstract: A mixture of Zinc Oxides or Hydroxides with Aluminum Hydroxides and Vanadium Oxide (V2O5) co-reacts in high temperature aqueous slurry to form highly crystalline forms of Hydrotalcite, containing the Decavanadate ion as a source of corrosion inhibition. The subject compositions, free of hexavalent chromium, are highly effective in providing blister-free corrosion prevention in typical coil and aerospace grade epoxy primer and color coat combinations.

Abstract: Wide mesoporous alumina composites are produced by an “in situ reaction” route comprising agglomeration of an alumina powder that is capable of rehydration together with a second reactive powder such as carbonate. In one method of production, the powders are fed to a rotating forming device that is continuously sprayed with liquid under conditions to form particulates. The discharging beads are then subjected to curing and thermal activation to produce the final catalyst or adsorbent. The alumina participates in a pore altering process involving the carbonate component upon formation of hydroxycarbonate intermediates such as Dawsonite. Large fraction of the pore volume of the final product consists of wide mesopores in the 15-50 nanometers range. The alumina composites exhibit a characteristic trimodal pore structure that includes also small micro-meso pores and macropores larger than 200 nanometers.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound, in which carrier particles are made to adsorb and carry carried fine particles having a diameter smaller than that of the carrier particles. The method is characterized by comprising: a first step of charging the carrier particles or their precursors to a potential inverse to that of the carried fine particles or their precursors to adsorb the carrier particles or their precursors; and a second step of synthesizing the carried fine particles hardly soluble or their precursors, and causing the carrier particles or their precursors immediately after or during the synthesization to adsorb the hardly soluble carried fine particles or their precursors.

Abstract: Oxidic composition consisting essentially of oxidic forms of a first metal, a second metal, and optionally a third metal, the first metal being either Ca or Ba and being present in the composition in an amount of from about 5 to about 80 wt %, the second metal being Al and being present in the composition in an amount of from about 5 to about 80 wt %, the third metal being selected from the group consisting of La, Ti, and Zr, and being present in an amount of from 0 to about 17 wt %—all weight percentages calculated as oxides and based on the weight of the oxidic composition, the oxidic composition being obtainable by (a) preparing a physical mixture comprising solid compounds of the first, the second, and the optional third metal, (b) optionally aging the physical mixture, without anionic clay being formed, and (c) calcining the mixture. This composition is suitable for use in FCC processes for the passivation of metals with only minimal influence on the zeolite's hydrothermal stability.

Abstract: Multimetallic anionic clays (MACs) are prepared using economical raw materials or reactants and a procedure for obtaining a series of multimetallic mixed oxides derived from the thermal decomposition of the MACs which comprises: (1) dissolving water-soluble bimetallic and/or trimetallic sources in water, (2) dispersing and homogenizing separate water-insoluble divalent and/or trivalent metal precursors with a high-speed stirrer in order to obtain small and reactive particles; depending on the nature of the water-insoluble divalent and/or trivalent metal precursors, this process can be adjusted to a desired pH, (3) adding the suspension obtained in (2) to solution (1) with the reaction medium still dispersed to facilitate solid particle's reduction/dissociation, and (4) afterwards the slurry is aged for several hours and finally dried. This process enables raw materials or reactants to be easily handled, and eliminates unit operations involving product washing and/or purification steps.

Abstract: A hydrotalcite-like substance that is capable of ion exchange with target anions, being of small crystal size and that exhibits large basal spacing, excelling in anion exchange performance; a process for producing the same; and a method of immobilizing hazardous substances. A hydrotalcite-like substance is produced by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing an alkali to thereby synthesize a hydrotalcite-like substance, followed by, without ageing, water removal or neutralization. The molar ratio of aluminum ions and magnesium ions is preferably in the range of 1:5 to 1:2. Hazardous substances can be immobilized by pulverizing the hydrotalcite-like substance after synthesis and adding the powder to a subject, or adding a hydrotalcite-like substance in slurry form to a subject, or carrying out addition so as to cause the synthesis directly at the position of the subject.

Abstract: A number of materials with the composition Li1+xNi?Mn?Co?M??O2?zFz (M?=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti) for use with rechargeable batteries, wherein x is between about 0 and 0.3, ? is between about 0.2 and 0.6, ? is between about 0.2 and 0.6, ? is between about 0 and 0.3, ? is between about 0 and 0.15, and z is between about 0 and 0.2. Adding the above metal and fluorine dopants affects capacity, impedance, and stability of the layered oxide structure during electrochemical cycling. Another aspect of the invention includes materials with the composition Li1+xNi?Co?Mn?M??OyFz (M?=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti), where the x is between 0 and 0.2, the ? between 0 and 1, the ? between 0 and 1, the ? between 0 and 2, the ? between about 0 and about 0.2, the y is between 2 and 4, and the z is between 0 and 0.5.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a manganese carbonate useful as a material for spinel-type LiMn2O4, having a spherical morphology, and a method of preparing the same. The spheric manganese carbonate has a high packing density and shows superior lifetime characteristics, leading to spinel-type LiMn2O4 resistant to structural changes and having superior lifetime characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clean method for preparing layered double hydroxides (LDHs), in which hydroxides of different metals are used as starting materials for production of LDHs by atom-economical reactions. The atom efficiency of the reaction is 100% in each case because all the atoms of the reactants are converted into the target product since only M2+(OH)2, M3+(OH)3, and CO2 or HnAn? are used, without any NaOH or other materials. Since there is no by-product, filtration or washing process is unnecessary. The consequent reduction in water consumption is also beneficial to the environment.

Abstract: A process for producing a cobalt III encapsulated nickel hydroxide or basic nickel carbonate product including the steps of: (i) providing an ammoniacal solution including cobalt ammine complexes and nickel II ammine complexes; (ii) progressively lowering the ammonia content to sequentially precipate the nickel as an hydroxide or basic carbonate; and (iii) further lowering the ammonia content to precipitate the majority of the cobalt as cobalt III oxide hydroxide; wherein the majority of cobalt III oxide hydroxide coats on the surface of the precipitate nickel hydroxide or basic nickel carbonate to form a coated particle.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that a) at least one of the Components A and/or B which is not used in the form of a solution, shortly before or during mixing of the components, and/or b) the mixture containing the Components A and B is subjected to intensive grinding until an average particle size (D50) in the range of approx. 0.1 to 5 ?m is obtained, and optionally, after aging treatment or hydrothermal treatment, the resulting hydrotalcite product is separated, dried, and optionally calcinated.

Abstract: Methods of making zirconium basic carbonate are further described which involve titrating an aqueous slurry of sodium zirconium carbonate to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.0 with an acidic agent wherein the sodium zirconium carbonate has a moisture content of from about 15% to about 25% LOD in solid form. The process further involves washing the aqueous slurry containing the formed zirconium basic carbonate with water. A novel zirconium basic carbonate is further disclosed which has a minimum adsorption capacity of from about 30 to about 35 mg/PO4-P/gm SCZ; a minimum HCO3- content of from about 2 to about 4 mEq HCO3-gm/SCZ; a leachable Na+ content of from about 1.5 to about 2.0 mEq Na+/gm SCZ; and/or a pH range of titrated sodium zirconium carbonate of from about 6 to about 7.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the preparation of surface modified hydrotalcite. The process comprises reacting a precursor of magnesium and aluminium in the presence of suitable alkali carbonate at high temperature. The product has a BET surface area of ?20 m2/gm and average particle size of ?0.5 ?m and is useful as halogen scavenger and fire retardant.

Abstract: A non-aluminum containing mixed metal compound for pharmaceutical use, which may, for example, be a mixed metal hydroxy carbonate containing magnesium and iron, and may have a hydrotalcite structure, preferably a non-aged hydrotalcite structure. Other metals, including, for example, calcium, lanthanum and cerium, may also be used. Metal sulphate compounds, especially calcium sulphate, lanthanum sulphate and/or cerium sulphate, compounds are also useful. The mixed metal compounds have a phosphate binding capacity of at least 30%, by weight, based on the test methods 1, 2 or 3, described in the specification, over a pH range from 3 to 7, such as from 2 to 8. The compound is especially useful in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia.

Abstract: An FCC catalyst which not only deactivates catalyst poison metals, such as nickel, vanadium and the like, in feedstock oils, inhibits the generation of hydrogen or coke, has excellent cracking activity and bottom oil-treating ability, and can yield a gasoline and LCO fraction in high yields, but also retains the performances on a high level over long and has an improved catalyst life; and an FCC method using the catalyst. The FCC catalyst has a compound of a bivalent metal or of bivalent and trivalent metals showing an XRD pattern of a carbonate of the bivalent metal; an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein; or an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein together with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and relates to an FCC method in which at least one of the catalysts are used in combination with an FCC catalyst obtained by evenly dispersing a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in an inorganic oxide matrix.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to extract and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from a stream or volume of gas wherein said method and apparatus hydrates CO2, and reacts the resulting carbonic acid with carbonate. Suitable carbonates include, but are not limited to, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably carbonates of calcium and magnesium. Waste products are metal cations and bicarbonate in solution or dehydrated metal salts, which when disposed of in a large body of water provide an effective way of sequestering CO2 from a gaseous environment.

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal, zinc metal and a divalent metal as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, exhibiting peaks at 2&thgr;=2 to 15°, 2&thgr;=19.5 to 24° and 2&thgr;=33 to 50°, and a single peak at 2&thgr;=60 to 64° in the X-ray diffraction (Cu-&agr;).

Abstract: The present invention provides new compositions of matter, referred to as quasi-crystalline carboxylates (QCCs), their preparation and use. The materials comprise a quasi-crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium hydroxy carboxylate and are characterised by the presence of at least a strong reflection in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at a basal spacing in the range of 5 to 15 Å. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the QCCs, Mg—Al solid solutions and anionic clays under acidic conditions. The QCC is prepared by aging an acidic mixture of a magnesium carboxylate and an aluminium source. Calcination of the QCC results in a Mg—Al solid solution; rehydration of this solid solution gives an anionic clay.

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal, zinc metal and a divalent metal as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, exhibiting peaks at 2&thgr;=2 to 15°, 2&thgr;=19.5 to 24° and 2&thgr;=33 to 50°, and a single peak at 2&thgr;=60 to 64° in the X-ray diffraction (Cu-&agr;).

Abstract: Mg—Zn—Al-based hydrotalcite-type particles comprise core particles composed of Mg—Al-based hydrotalcite and an Mg—Zn—Al-based hydrotalcite layer formed on the surface of the core particle, and have an average plate surface diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 &mgr;m and a refractive index being adjustable to a required value in the range of 1.48 to 1.56; and a resin composition contains the Mg—Zn—Al-based hydrotalcite-type particles. The Mg—Zn—Al-based hydrotalcite-type particles can exhibit a large plate surface diameter and an appropriate thickness whose refractive index is adjustable to various values, and the resin composition can show not only higher resin stability and functional properties, but also an excellent transparency as compared to those using conventional hydrotalcite-type particles.

Abstract: A method of making sodium zirconium carbonate is described which involves forming a mixture of zirconium oxychloride with soda ash and then heating at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to form the sodium zirconium carbonate. Subsequent washing and filtration steps can further form parts of this process. A novel sodium zirconium carbonate is further described which contains from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % Na+; from about 44 wt % to about 50 wt % ZrO2; from about 12 wt % to about 18 wt % CO32−; and from about 32 wt % to about 35 wt % H2O. Methods of making zirconium basic carbonate are further described which involve titrating an aqueous slurry of sodium zirconium carbonate to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.0 with an acidic agent wherein the sodium zirconium carbonate has a moisture content of from about 15% to about 25% LOD in solid form. The process further involves washing the aqueous slurry containing the formed zirconium basic carbonate with water.

Abstract: The present invention provides DASC compositions, which upon introduction into aqueous solutions, form stable, non-gritty suspensions. The present invention also provides stable, non-gritty suspensions comprising the DASC compositions of the present invention admixed in aqueous solutions. In addition, the present invention provides processes for preparing the suspensions which comprise admixing the DASC compositions of the present invention with aqueous solutions. Finally, the present invention provides processes for preparing the DASC compositions of the present invention.

Abstract: A method is described for the manufacture of hydrotalcites by using at least one compound of a bivalent metal (Component A) and at least one compound of a trivalent metal (Component B), wherein at least one of these components is not used in the form of a solution, characterized in that

Abstract: An improved process is described for the preparation of surface modified hydrotalcite. The process comprises reacting a precursor of magnesium and aluminium in the presence of suitable alkali carbonate at high temperature. The product has a BET surface area of ≦20 m2/gm and average particle size of ≦0.5 &mgr;m and is useful as halogen scavenger and fire retardant.

Abstract: A process for producing a cobalt III encapsulated nickel hydroxide or basic nickel carbonate product including the steps of:

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal and magnesium as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, and further has a degree of orientation (Io) of not smaller than 1.5.

Abstract: A method of making sodium zirconium carbonate is described which involves forming a mixture of zirconium oxychloride with soda ash and then heating at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to form the sodium zirconium carbonate. Subsequent washing and filtration steps can further form parts of this process. A novel sodium zirconium carbonate is further described which contains from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % Na+; from about 44 wt % to about 50 wt % ZrO2; from about 12 wt % to about 18 wt % CO32−; and from about 32 wt % to about 35 wt % H2O. Methods of making zirconium basic carbonate are further described which involve titrating an aqueous slurry of sodium zirconium carbonate to a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.0 with an acidic agent wherein the sodium zirconium carbonate has a moisture content of from about 15% to about 25% LOD in solid form. The process further involves washing the aqueous slurry containing the formed zirconium basic carbonate with water.

Abstract: This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Mg-containing non-Al anionic clays. It involves a one-step process wherein a suspension comprising a trivalent metal source and at least a magnesium containing source as a divalent metal source is reacted to obtain a magnesium-containing non-Al anionic clay. The anionic clay has interlayers containing anions comprising hydroxycarbonate, carbonate, bicarbonate, acetate, hydroxyacetate, oxalate, nitrate, hydroxyl, and/or formate or mixtures thereof. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: A method of making sodium zirconium carbonate is described which involves forming a mixture of zirconium oxychloride with soda ash and then heating at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to form the sodium zirconium carbonate. Subsequent washing and filtration steps can further form parts of this process. A novel sodium zirconium carbonate is further described which contains from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % Na+; from about 44 wt % to about 50 wt % ZrO2; from about 12 wt % to about 18 wt % CO32−; and from about 32 wt % to about 35 wt % H2O.

Abstract: A perovskite feedstock (powder or preform) is placed in a high-pressure cell of a high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) apparatus and subjected to pressures in excess of about 2 Kbar and temperatures above about 800° C. for a time adequate to increase the density of the preform.

Abstract: A treating method and apparatus for treating a manganese containing water by crystalizing and removing a soluble manganese in a water to be treated containing carbonic acid ions by passing the water to be treated as an upward flow through a fluidized bed reaction tower having no support bed and containing manganese sand as a fluidized bed material and by adjusting a pH value of the water to be treated in said fluidized bed. A suspended manganese is also removed together with said soluble manganese in the water to be treated by forming a suspended solid in the water to be treated into a layer on said manganese sand fluidized bed by removing said layer of suspended solid. Further, a desired quantity of the treated water is introduced into the water to be treated for circulatory use.

Abstract: The present invention provides new compositions of matter, referred to as quasi-crystalline carboxylates (QCCs), their preparation and use. The materials comprise a quasi-crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium hydroxy carboxylate and are characterised by the presence of at least a strong reflection in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern at a basal spacing in the range of 5 to 15 Å. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the QCCs, Mg—Al solid solutions and anionic clays under acidic conditions. The QCC is prepared by aging an acidic mixture of a magnesium carboxylate and an aluminium source. Calcination of the QCC results in a Mg—Al solid solution; rehydration of this solid solution gives an anionic clay.

Abstract: A process for the production of powders by precipitation from a liquid reaction mixture comprises passing along a tubular reactor a segmented reaction flow comprised of discrete volumes of the reaction mixture separated by discrete volumes of a separating fluid which is substantially immiscible with said reaction mixture, the residence time of said discrete volumes of reaction mixture in the reactor being sufficient for the precipitation reaction to be effected.

Abstract: This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Mg-containing non-Al anionic clays. It involves (hydro)thermally reacting a slurry comprising a Mg metals source with a trivalent metals source to directly obtain Mg-containing non-Al anionic clay, the Mg sources being an oxide, hydroxide or a carbonate. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: This patent describes economical and environment-friendly processes for the synthesis of Al-containing non-Mg anionic clays. It involves hydrothermally reacting a slurry comprising a divalent metals source with a trivalent metals source to directly obtain Al-containing non-Mg anionic clay, at least one of the metal sources being an oxide, hydroxide or a carbonate. There is no necessity to wash or filter the product. It can be spray dried directly to form microspheres or can be extruded to form shaped bodies. The product can be combined with other ingredients in the manufacture of catalysts, absorbents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, and other commodity products that contain anionic clays.

Abstract: Cartridges useful in regenerating or purifying dialysis solutions are described as well as methods to regenerate or purify spent dialysis solutions. Dialysis systems using the sorbent cartridges of the present invention are further described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rare-earth borate, to a precursor thereof, to processes for their preparation and to the use of this borate as a luminophore.

Abstract: A method of making a rheology modified aqueous composition, particularly useful for drilling, milling and mining applications, is disclosed. The method includes admixing, with a clay and water, a material or materials whose constituents substantially conform to the proportions of the empirical formula M′mM″n(OH)(2m+3n+qa+br)(Aq)a(Br)b.

Abstract: A method of preparing a modified cationic layer compound which includes providing a layer compound of the general formula (I): [EeZzDdVv(OH−)x](An−)a.qH2O  (I) wherein E represents one or more monovalent alkali metal cations, e represents a number of from 0 to about 2, Z represents one or more divalent metal cations, z represents a number of from 0 to about 6, D represents one or more trivalent metal cations, d represents a number of from 0 to about 3, V represents one or more tetravalent metal cations, v represents a number of from 0 to about 1, (An−) represents an acid anion wherein n represents an integer of from 1 to 3, q represents a number of from about 1 to about 10, and wherein x>a and e+2z+3d+4v=x+na; subjecting the layer compound to crystallization to provide a resultant material; and subjecting the resultant material to steam drying at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 260° C.

Abstract: Hydrotalcite compounds useful as additives to synthetic resins such as epoxy resins which are used as, in particular, sealant for semiconuctor devices such as transister, IC, LSI and the like, which are characterized by having a composition represented by the formula (1) below:

Abstract: Novel, fine particulate synthetic chalcoalumite, process for preparation thereof, and a heat insulating agent and agricultural film containing said fine, particulate synthetic chalcoalumite. The above objects are met by synthetic chalcoalumite represented by formula (1) below: (M12+)a−x(M22+)Al3+4(OH)b(An−)c. mH2O  (1)  (in which M12+ stands for Zn2+ or Cu2+,  M22+ is at least one divalent metal ion selected from Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mg2+,  a is 0.3<a<2.0 (with the proviso that M1 and M2 are not the same),  x is 0 ≦x<1.0, and x<a  b is 10<b<14,  An− is at least one selected from SO42−, HPO42−, CO32−, SO32−, HPO32−, NO3−, H2PO4−, Cl−, OH− and silicate ion,  c is 0.4<c<2.

Abstract: Hydrotalcite compounds useful as additives to synthetic resins such as epoxy resins which are used as, in particular, sealant for semiconductor devices such as transister, IC, LSI and the like, which are characterized by having a composition represented by the formula (1) below: M1−X2+AlX3+(OH)2A2−X/2·mH2O  (1) in which M2+ is at least one of Mg2+ and Zn2+, x is a positive number in the range of 0.2≦x≦0.5, A2− is at least one of CO32− and SO42−, and m is a number in the range of 0-2, and having a uranium (U) content of not more than 10 ppb, an average secondary particle size of not more than about 3 &mgr;m and a BET specific surface area of not more than 30 m2/g.

Abstract: A method of producing a new type of cement, hereafter called Conch-krete. Conch-krete is created by adding sodium carbonate (also known as soda ash, natron, etc.) and one or more minerals from the calcium carbonate group (including aragonite, limestone, calcite, marble, dolomite, etc.) and the addition of water to the mix that will harden into a cement-like material. The combination of sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate can be either layered or in a mixed state. An exothermic reaction starts after the addition of water. The composition of Conch-krete can vary between 20% sodium carbonate and 80% calcium carbonate to 80% sodium carbonate and 20% calcium carbonate. Conch-Icrete can be used in a variety of applications not inclusive of forming bricks, interior architecture, table or counter tops, ornaments, repairing damaged cement products, casting and other applications not mentioned above.

Abstract: An infrared absorber which comprises containing as an effective ingredient a hydroxide complex salt represented by the formula [Al2(Li(1−x).+M2+(x+y)(OH)(6+2y)]n(An−)(1+x).mH2O (wherein M2+ is a divalent metal, An− is an anion having a valence of n, and m, x and y are numbers respectively in the ranges of 0≦m<5, 0.01≦x≦0.5 and 0≦y≦0.5), which has a high ability to absorp infrared rays and a refractive index close to that of the resin so that it has a good dispersibility with the resins when incorporated in the resin and the shaped film therefrom is excellent in the heat insulation property and transparency so that it is suitable as an agricultural film.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity hydrotalcites by reacting alcohols or alcohol mixtures with at least one or more divalent metal(s) and at least one or more trivalent metal(s) and hydrolysing the resultant alcoholate mixture with water. The corresponding metal oxides can be produced by calcination.

Abstract: Enhanced macromixing, mesomixing, and micromixing of multiple discrete reactant streams, particularly for precipitation reactions of low density pumpable fluids, are obtained by controlled continuous high pressure multiple reactant streams flowing into a chemical mixer/reactor. Individual reactant streams are pressurized to about 8,000 to 50,000 psi and achieve velocities up to about 250 meters/second in the final stage of the chemical mixer/reactor. Reactant flows are controlled by a combination of a fixed restriction and a variable driving pump.

Abstract: Zinc-containing hydrotalcite particles which satisfy the following requirements (1) to (4): (1) the chemical composition should be represented by the following formula (A): ZnxAl2(OH)4+2xCO3.mH2O  (A) wherein x and m satisfy 3.5≦x≦4.5 and 0≦m≦4, respectively, (2) the average secondary particle size should be 2 &mgr;m or less, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 &mgr;m, (3) the amount of particles having a particle size of 10 &mgr;m or more out of all the particles should be 1 wt % or less, preferably 0.5 wt % or less, and (4) the specific surface area measured by a BET method should be 20 m2/g or less, preferably 4 to 15 m2/g; and a resin composition comprising 0.001 to 5 parts by weight of the zinc-containing hydrotalcite particles based on 100 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin. This resin composition has excellent heat deterioration resistance, rust formation preventing properties, coloration preventing properties, dispersibility and filter permeability.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer phase locked loop includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) providing a variable frequency signal, a reference frequency oscillator providing a reference frequency signal, a phase comparison circuit for comparing the phases of the variable frequency and reference frequency signals and providing an output signal to a loop filter, the output of the loop filter providing a frequency control signal to the VCO. The phase comparison circuit includes a digital phase detector providing an output signal on an output line coupled to a charge pump for providing a first output signal to the loop filter; and an analog phase detector including a sample and hold circuit, and a control circuit responsive to the variable and reference frequency signals for providing a signal for sampling to the sample and hold circuit, the sample and hold circuit providing a second output signal to the loop filter.