Abstract: The present invention relates to a pigment and a coating composition comprising such a pigment, wherein it is contemplated that a coating composition containing such pigment is capable of inhibiting corrosion of a substrate to which it is applied. In one embodiment, the pigment comprises a filler having calcium borate, calcium molybdate, and calcium phosphate deposited on the surface of the filler. In an exemplary embodiment, the filler is calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Carbon nanotube apparatus, and methods of carbon nanotube modification, include carbon nanotubes having locally modified properties with the positioning of the modifications being controlled. More specifically, the positioning of nanotubes on a substrate with a deposited substance, and partially vaporizing part of the deposited substance etches the nanotubes. The modifications of the carbon nanotubes determine the electrical properties of the apparatus and applications such as a transistor or Shockley diode. Other applications of the above mentioned apparatus include a nanolaboratory that assists in study of merged quantum states between nanosystems and a macroscopic host system.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method for obtaining particulate calcium carbonate and activated carbon particles and methods for using same, and more particularly, to a method for obtaining activated carbon particles having an average particle size less than about 12 microns from a pulp mill.

Abstract: A filler for powder coating materials is provided, which comprises inorganic parties having a Mohs hardness of 1 to 4 and satisfying the following particle size distribution of the following relationships (1) to (5): 2?A?30??(1); Cumulative 50 vol. % diameter (median diameter) determined by Microtrac FRA [?m]; 0?B?35??(2); Cumulative undersize for one-half the cumulative 50 vol. % diameter (median diameter) determined by Microtrac FRA [vol. %]; 1?C?25??(3); Value obtained by dividing cumulative 90 vol. % diameter determined by Microtrac FRA by cumulative 10 vol. % diameter [-]; 1?D?6??(4); Value obtained by dividing cumulative 75 vol. % diameter determined by Microtrac FRA by cumulative 25 vol. % diameter [-]; and E?100??(5); Maximum particle diameter in particle-diameter fraction frequency distribution determined by Microtrac FRA [?m].

Abstract: The method proposed consists in superheating a stream of calcined material (normally CaO) to a temperature above the calcination temperature and circulating this superheated stream of calcined material to the calciner, where the solids release heat. This calciner is also supplied with the stream of material to be calcined (normally preheated CaCO3), so that the heat released by the hot CaO stream gives rise to decomposition of the supplied CaCO3 to CO2 and CaO. A portion of the CaO leaving the calciner is the calcined product and the remainder is recycled for superheating in a combustor.

Abstract: Particles of precipitated calcium carbonate with a rhombohedral crystal morphology exhibiting a low sodium content and a particle size distribution with a low cutoff value. Process for making such particles. Use of the particles as filler in polymer films.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a carbonate crystal, which has oriented birefringence, is needle- or rod-like, and is able to negate the birefringence without sacrificing the light transmittance of a transparent polymeric resin when it exists in the transparent resin; a manufacturing method of the carbonate crystal; and a transparent optical resin composition comprising the carbonate resin. The carbonate crystal has an aspect ratio of two or greater, the average major axis length of 400 nm or shorter, and the variation coefficient expressed in Formula (1) below is 0.40 or less: 1 r × { 1 n - 1 ? ? i = 1 n ? ( r i - r ) 2 } 1 2 Formula ? ? ( 1 ) wherein r denotes an average major axis length, n denotes the number of particles used for the measurement of the major axis length, and n denotes the major axis length of the ith particle measured.

Abstract: Process for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate particles, structured at the nanoscale, by carbonation of milk of lime in the presence of a crystallization controller selected from the following list: polyaspartic acid, dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate, polyacrylic acid, the molecular weight of which is between 500 and 15 000, and citric acid. When the crystallization controller is citric acid, its concentration in the milk of lime is between 5 and 15%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combined process for the adsorption of metals in a liquid and for the neutralisation of metal-containing waste acids. The adsorption material used in the process is in the form of a geological mineral containing at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, e.g. wollastonite (CaSiO3) , magnesite (MgCO3) or burnt magnesite (MgO). The spent adsorption material that has been used in the adsorption process is thereafter used as neutralisation agent for the neutralisation of waste acids, such as spent pickling baths. The application moreover relates to an adsorption material comprising a geological mineral containing at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, which mineral has been concentrated by crushing, milling and shake sieving in a dry state.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process to obtain a calcium carbonate material comprising GCC and PCC, presenting a fraction of particles finer than 1 ?m of greater than 80%, preferably of greater than 85%, more preferably of greater than 90%, and even more preferably of greater than 95%, and a specific surface area of less than 25 m2/g, in a cost efficient manner, wherein GCC and PCC are co-ground, possibly with at least another mineral material. An other object of the present invention lies in the co-ground calcium carbonate material in the form of an aqueous suspension and in the form of a dry product. An other object of the present invention lies in the uses of such products in any sector making use of mineral material, and notably in the paper, paint and plastic industries.

Abstract: Combinatorially generated peptides are provided that have binding affinity for calcium carbonates. The peptides may be used to deliver benefit agents to various calcium carbonate surfaces.

Abstract: A high solids precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) suspension and method for producing the suspension are provided, with the PCC having a PCC particle size distribution d90 value of about 0.7 microns or less, a PCC particle size distribution d50 value of about 0.4 microns or less, a PCC particle size distribution d90/d50 ratio of from about 1.2 to about 2.2 and a PCC specific surface area of about 10.0 meters squared per gram or greater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pigment and a coating composition comprising such a pigment, wherein it is contemplated that a coating composition containing such pigment is capable of inhibiting corrosion of a substrate to which it is applied. In one embodiment, the pigment comprises a filler having calcium borate, calcium molybdate, and calcium phosphate deposited on the surface of the filler. In an exemplary embodiment, the filler is calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing carbonates capable of effectively and easily forming carbonates shaped to have an orientational birefringence and an aspect ratio greater than 1 as well as capable of controlling the particle size. For this end, it is a method of which a metallic ion source containing at least one selected from Sr2+ ions, Ca2+ ions, Ba2+ ions, Zn2+ ions, and Pb2+ with a carbonate source in a solution to thereby produce carbonates shaped to have an aspect ratio greater than 1, and the method include increasing the number of carbonate particles and increasing the volume of carbonate particles.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for making micron/nano meter sized particles of various inorganic materials such as minerals/oxides/sulphides/metals/ceramics at a steadily expanding liquid-liquid interface populated by suitable surfactant molecules that spontaneously organize themselves into superstructures varying over large length-scales. This experiment is realized in a radial Hele-Shaw cell where the liquid-liquid interfacial growth rate and consequently time scales such as arrival of surfactant molecules to the interface, the hydrodynamic flow effect to modulate the material organization into super structures at the dynamic charged interface.

Abstract: A silicon carbide-based porous material characterized by comprising silicon carbide particles as an aggregate, metallic silicon and an oxide phase containing Si, Al and an alkaline earth metal; it is high in porosity and strength and superior in oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance and, when used as a filter, is very low in risk of having defects such as cuts (which cause leakage of fluid) and the like, as well as in pressure loss.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing carbonate particles, capable of efficient, easy formation of carbonate particles which have high crystallinity, less prone to agglomeration and offer orientation birefringence, particularly carbonate particles that are needle- or rod-shaped, and of controlling the particle size. In the process a metal ion source and a carbonate ion source are heated together in a liquid of 55° C. or higher for reaction to produce carbonate particles with an aspect ratio of greater than 1, wherein the metal ion source contains at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. The carbonate particles are preferably needle- or rod-shaped, pH of the liquid after heating reaction is preferably 8.20 or more, and in its X-ray diffraction spectrum the full-width at half maximum of the diffraction peak corresponding to (111) plane is preferably less than 0.8°.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for making micron/nano meter sized particles of various inorganic materials such as minerals/oxides/sulphides/metals/ceramics at a steadily expanding liquid-liquid interface populated by suitable surfactant molecules that spontaneously organize themselves into superstructures varying over large length-scales. This experiment is realized in a radial Hele-Shaw cell where the liquid-liquid interfacial growth rate and consequently time scales such as arrival of surfactant molecules to the interface, the hydrodynamic flow effect to modulate the material organization into super structures at the dynamic charged interface.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing carbonate particles, particularly carbonate particles that are needle- or rod-shaped, which can efficiently and readily form carbonate particles which offer orientation birefringence without heating at approximately room temperature, and can control the particle size. In the process, a carbon dioxide gas from a carbonate source is released into the gas phase and the carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in a liquid containing a metal ion source to produce carbonate particles which have an aspect ratio of greater than 1, wherein the metal ion source contains at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. The carbonate particles are preferably needle- or rod-shaped, the metal ion source is a hydroxide of a metal such as Sr, the carbon dioxide gas is released in a closed vessel, and the liquid contains a solvent.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a carbonate, including: growing seed crystals, wherein the seed crystals are grown in a reaction solution containing at least urea. An aspect in which the seed crystals are strontium carbonate particles, an aspect in which the reaction solution contains a metal ion source and the metal ion source is a hydroxide of strontium, and the like are favorable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing carbonates, which includes at least adding an aqueous solution containing a carbonate source into an alcoholic solution containing a metal ion source, wherein an alkaline chemical is added when the carbonate source is reacted with the metal ion source.

Abstract: A method for obtaining particulate calcium carbonate having an average particle size less than about 12 microns is provided. The method includes the steps of (1) withdrawing from a pulp mill a mixture containing calcium carbonate; (2) treating the mixture to remove contaminants contained in the mixture to produce a treated mixture containing calcium carbonate and further having a chemical composition and/or purity which substantially inhibits the fusing together of calcium carbonate particulates; (3) recovering from the treated mixture particulate calcium carbonate having an average particle size less than about 12 microns. The calcium carbonate produced has a high surface area to volume ratio and is therefore highly reactive and suitable for numerous applications such as in the treatment of soil, filler paper production, paint production, and contaminant containment in coal stack emission assemblies.

Abstract: A process for the removal of pollutants from a combustion process and, more particularly, a process for removing pollutants such as carbon dioxide, mercury, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen compounds and oxygen compounds from a combustion process. The process includes the removal of pollutants from a combustion process that produces an emission comprising: cooling the emission to a temperature of about 200° C.; removing nitrogen, water and oxygen from the emission to produce a gas containing a concentration of pollutants; contacting the gas with an aqueous magnesium chloride solution, wherein a slurry mixture is formed; and cooling the gas and the slurry mixture, wherein hydrochloric acid vapour and a sludge are formed.

Abstract: The surface-treated calcium carbonate is disclosed which is surface-treated with an organic surface treating agent, said surface-treated calcium carbonate satisfies the particular BET specific surface area (Sw), reduced heat amount per unit specific surface area (As), average pore diameter (Dxp) at which an increased amount of mercury penetration reaches the maximum value in a method of mercury penetration, and amount of an average pore diameter [maximum value of an increased amount of mercury penetration (Dyp)/average pore diameter (Dxp)]. The surface-treated calcium carbonate of the present invention is particularly useful for resins and it not only improves adhesion of resin compositions to a subject to be adhered, but forms a rigid coating film when blended into resins.

Abstract: A high solids precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) suspension and method for producing the suspension are provided, with the PCC having a PCC particle size distribution d90 value of about 0.7 microns or less, a PCC particle size distribution d50 value of about 0.4 microns or less, a PCC particle size distribution d90/d50 ratio of from about 1.2 to about 2.2 and a PCC specific surface area of about 10.0 meters squared per gram or greater.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyacrylic acids which contain organic terminal groups containing sulphur, comprising at least two carbon atoms, having an average molecular weight Mw of 5 000-30 000 g/mol and which are at least partially neutralized by a base which is selected from the group of alkali hydroxides and ammonia as auxiliary agents for wet grinding of calcium carbonate. The invention also relates to fine particle aqueous suspensions of calcium carbonate which are produced by wet grinding of calcium carbonate in the presence of said polyacrylic acids.

Abstract: A new and useful method of simultaneously producing and granulating composite materials for simultaneous internal delivery of high amounts of calcium and phosphate to a subject (person or animal) is provided. Such a method entails the dropwise addition of concentrated phosphoric acid within a specified amount of water into a vessel containing a powdered material of lime and/or calcium carbonate, with the lime and/or calcium carbonate present in an excessive amount of the phosphoric acid, with subsequent, mixing, drying, milling, and sieving to provide the correct target particle size range for the resultant granulated materials. Such specifically produced granulated calcium carbonate/dicalcium phosphate materials exhibit very high available calcium levels, very high available phosphate levels, excellent flow characteristics, and very high capability for compression into tablets. Products including such particularly produced composite materials are also encompassed within this invention.

Abstract: Inexpensive spindle- or rice-like calcium carbonate giving useful properties for brightness, opacity and wire abrasion resistance as a paper filler is provided by taking advantage of the causticization step. When a white liquor is used for slaking a quick lime, the quick lime used in the slaking reaction of a first step has a calcium carbonate content of 10% by weight or less and is slaked with the white liquor at a concentration of 20 to 60% to prepare a milk of lime. When a green liquor is used for slaking a quick lime, the quick lime used in the slaking reaction of a first step has a calcium carbonate content of 0.1 to 10% by weight and is slaked with the green liquor at a concentration of 20 to 60% to prepare a milk of lime. In a second step, causticization reaction takes place at a green liquor loading rate of 0.02 to 0.5 cc (green liquor)/min/g (quick lime) at a reaction temperature of 20 to 105° C. to afford spindle- or rice-like calcium carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing nano-powders and powders of nano-particle loose aggregate, which includes: (a) providing at least two reactant solutions A and B capable of rapidly reacting to form deposits; (b) supplying the at least two reactant solutions A and B at least at the reaction temperature into a mixing and reaction precipitator respectively, in which mixing reaction and precipitation are continuously carried out in sequence, the mixing and reaction precipitator being selected from at least one of a tubular ejection mixing reactor, a tubular static mixing reactor and an atomization mixing reactor; and (c) treating the deposit-containing slurry continuously discharged from the mixing reaction precipitator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for application to the mucosa to be used in drug therapy comprising a water-insoluble and/or water-low soluble substance, a medicament, and an aqueous medium, and having an osmotic pressure of less than 290 mOsm. This composition is superior over conventional pharmaceutical compositions for application to the mucosa, due to efficient and high permeability to the blood at the mucosa. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for application to the mucosa comprising a hemostatic agent and a medicament. This composition is superior over conventional pharmaceutical compositions for application to the mucosa, due to permeability and retentivity at the mucosa.

Abstract: A pressure container is filled with a base material having at least part of the surface coated with an organic matrix including at least one member selected from the specific functional groups, and a material solution containing a carbonate material as a material for carbonate film and an organic polymer including at least one member selected from the specific groups. In succession, by supplying CO2 into the pressure container at 2 atm or higher, a carbonate film is deposited on the surface of the organic matrix.

Abstract: Highly compactable granulations and methods for preparing highly compactable granulations are disclosed. More particularly, highly compactable calcium carbonate granulations are disclosed. The granulations comprise powdered materials such as calcium carbonate that have small median particle sizes. The disclosed granulations are useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical tableting and provide smaller tablet sizes upon compression than previously available.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of platy precipitated calcium carbonate comprising the steps of providing a suspension of calcium hydroxide, carbonating the suspension of calcium hydroxide, adding a polyacrylate to the suspension prior to the completion of carbonation to precipitate platy calcium carbonate. Also provided are a paper that is filled and a paper that is coated using the platy precipitated calcium carbonate according to the present invention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of platy PCC comprising the steps of providing a suspension of calcium hydroxide, carbonating the suspension of calcium hydroxide, adding a condensed phosphate to the suspension prior to the completion of carbonation to precipitate platy calcium carbonate. A paper that is filled is also provided and a paper that is coated and a polymer that is filled are envisioned that use the platy PCC according to the present invention.

Abstract: Bleaching a particulate calcium carbonate aqueous slurry with a reductive bleaching agent such as formamidine sulfinic acid increases the viscosity of the slurry. Combining the slurry with a metal material such as strontium hydroxide reduces any increase in viscosity of the bleached calcium carbonate slurry. Addition of the reductive bleaching agent and/or the metal material takes place prior to, during or after the manufacture of the slurry or the bleaching step. Metal materials in one embodiment include those that form substantially water insoluble precipitates of the reductive bleaching reaction products.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite crystals suitable for use as a filler for papermaking to give useful properties for bulk, whiteness, opacity, wire abrasion and yield is obtained by taking advantage of the causticization step. Herein disclosed is a process for producing calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite crystals which is useful as a filler for papermaking via the causticization step of the sulfate or soda pulping process, comprising adding an aqueous alkaline solution having a hydroxide ion level of 3 mol/l or less and containing 0.25 mol or less of carbonate ion per 1 mol of quick lime to quick lime and/or slaked lime at a quick lime concentration of 1–60% by weight with stirring to prepare milk of lime, and then adding green liquor to said milk of liquor at a loading rate of 0.002–0.12 g (sodium carbonate)/min/g (quick lime) to perform a causticization reaction at a temperature of 30–105° C.

Abstract: Silica-calcium carbonate composition particles having the characteristics of both synthetic silica and calcium carbonate are described along with paper having the particles internally filled therein and a method for making the particles. In the carbonation reaction, which typically involves a step of forming calcium carbonate, while agitating a calcium hydroxide slurry, a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and air is introduced thereinto and synthetic silica, such as colloidal silica or the like, is added before the carbonation rate arrives at 95% but after commencement of the carbonation reaction, followed by further introduction of the mixed gas to continue the carbonation reaction and completion of the carbonation reaction at the time when the pH of the slurry reaches 7, thereby providing the composite particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of calcium carbonate and calcium silicate in common superatmospheric reactors. Multiple reactors can be provided for switching production between reactors, and advantageously utilizing process waste heat. On site production of both PCC and Calcium Silicate Hydrates is thus achieved in a paper mill.

Abstract: A process for producing hydrogen gas from a reaction of an organic substance and a base with a recycling of a carbonate or bicarbonate by-product and a regeneration of the base. In one embodiment, reaction of an organic substance and a base produces hydrogen gas and a metal carbonate. The instant invention provides recycling of the metal carbonate by-product. In a preferred embodiment, the metal carbonate by-product is soluble and recycling includes a three step process. In a first step, the soluble metal carbonate is reacted with a metal hydroxide to form a weakly soluble or insoluble metal carbonate that precipitates in a metathesis reaction. The metal hydroxide reactant of the hydrogen producing reaction is also formed in the metathesis reaction and remains in solution. Precipitation of the carbonate thus permits ready isolation of the carbonate by-product, while leaving behind an aqueous metal hydroxide phase that can be returned to and further utilized in the hydrogen producing reaction.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide-calcium carbonate composite particles capable of realizing characteristic properties inherent in titanium dioxide such as a high opacity, a process for producing the same, and a complex composition or complex incorporated with the same are provided. The composite particles were prepared by adding titanium dioxide particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m in a carbonation step, typically a step of introducing a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and air into a calcium hydroxide slurry with stirring, to conduct a carbonation, and continuing the reaction till pH of the slurry becomes 7 by continuous introduction of the gaseous mixture. Moreover, by incorporating the formed composite particles, complexes such as coatings and paints for paper making or composite materials such as paper, plastic molded materials, and rubber molded materials are produced.

Abstract: An abrasive precipitated calcium carbonate is provided that provides excellent cleaning properties without being excessively abrasive or damaging to gums or tooth surfaces. The abrasive, precipitated calcium carbonate has a primary particle size of about 1 ?m to about 4 ?m, and an aggregate size of about 3 ?m to about 10 ?m. Also disclosed is a method for forming calcium carbonate comprising the steps of: providing a reaction medium; introducing carbon dioxide and the calcium hydroxide slurry simultaneously into a reaction medium to form calcium carbonate while maintaining constant pH during calcium carbonate precipitation; and optionally drying the calcium carbonate slurry to form a dried calcium carbonate product. Also disclosed is a dentifrice containing the aforementioned abrasive, precipitated calcium, and one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of humectants, thickening agents, binders, gums, stabilizing agents, antibacterial agents, fluorides, sweeteners, and surfactants.

Abstract: A method for growing a crystal includes steps of providing a 3D framework with an collection of solid structures and flowing a liquid starting material around and between individual ones of the solid structures of the 3D framework. The method also includes a step of growing a single crystal through the collection of solid structures by adjusting a property of the liquid starting material.

Abstract: An FCC catalyst which not only deactivates catalyst poison metals, such as nickel, vanadium and the like, in feedstock oils, inhibits the generation of hydrogen or coke, has excellent cracking activity and bottom oil-treating ability, and can yield a gasoline and LCO fraction in high yields, but also retains the performances on a high level over long and has an improved catalyst life; and an FCC method using the catalyst. The FCC catalyst has a compound of a bivalent metal or of bivalent and trivalent metals showing an XRD pattern of a carbonate of the bivalent metal; an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein; or an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein together with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and relates to an FCC method in which at least one of the catalysts are used in combination with an FCC catalyst obtained by evenly dispersing a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in an inorganic oxide matrix.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to extract and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from a stream or volume of gas wherein said method and apparatus hydrates CO2, and reacts the resulting carbonic acid with carbonate. Suitable carbonates include, but are not limited to, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably carbonates of calcium and magnesium. Waste products are metal cations and bicarbonate in solution or dehydrated metal salts, which when disposed of in a large body of water provide an effective way of sequestering CO2 from a gaseous environment.

Abstract: A dentrifice comprising granules consisting essentially of calcium carbonate particles, the granules having an average size of 50 to 500 um and a crushing resistance of 1 to 20 g/granule, and the calcium carbonate particles having a primary particle size of 0.01 to 0.5 um.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions comprising inorganic solids for use as pigments in paints, papers and plastics.

Abstract: A halogen scavenging system is provided for inhibiting the corrosion-causing tendency and coloration of halogen-containing olefin polymers or copolymers, comprising incorporating about 0.01% to about 1% of a hydroltalcite-like solid solution having the formula Al2(Mg)a(OH)b(CO3)c(G)d.eH2O and a crystallite size in the <003> direction of about 190 Å to about 225 Å, and having bidentate coordination for carbonate ion as shown by an infrared spectrum, and wherein 3≦a≦5.5; 8≦b≦14; 1.2≦c≦3; 0≦d≦1; 1≦e≦10 and G is a surface active agent into the halogen containing olefin polymer.

Abstract: An environmentally friendly process for the production of finely divided calcium carbonate suitable for industrial application from a calcium carbonate-rich by-product of nitrophosphate fertilizer plant by adopting purification steps of thermal treatment, pulverization and coating using an emulsion of a fatty acid or it's a fatty acid derivatives.

Abstract: A process for mineral carbonation with carbon dioxide wherein carbon dioxide is reacted with a bivalent alkaline earth metal silicate, selected from the group of ortho-, di-, ring, and chain silicates, which silicate is immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution. The invention further relates to the use of the mixture of carbonate and silica formed in such a process in construction materials and to the use of the carbonate formed by such a process for the production of calcium oxide.

Abstract: Mesoporous metal carbonate structures are formed by providing a solution containing a non-ionic surfactant and a calcium acetate salt, adding sufficient base to react with the acidic byproducts to be formed by the addition of carbon dioxide, and adding carbon dioxide, thereby forming a mesoporous metal carbonate structure containing the metal from said metal salt.