Abstract: A process is disclosed to synthesize fullerenes in a plasma reactor. It comprises introducing various amounts of carbon halides as the plasma forming gas in a plasma torch capable of producing a high enough temperature flame to dissociate the carbon bearing molecules into carbon and halogen atoms, hence forming a carbon cloud which condenses into a soot containing fullerenes. Also hydrocarbons can be introduced in the torch as the plasma forming gas and reacted with carbon halides or halogens injected therewith or directly into the plasma flame at the exit of the torch. Moreover, an inert gas, such as helium, may also be used as the plasma forming gas. The process can use a high enthalpy non-transferred d.c. plasma torch or an induction plasma torch as the plasma generating device.

Abstract: Carbonaceous materials based on the fullerene molecules have been developed which allow for high conductivity (comparable to or higher than those attained by n-type doped polyacetylene). The fullerene materials are soluble in common solvents.

Abstract: A carbon cluster film has a precisely controlled stable electrical conductivity which does not deteriorate in a short period of time in air. Such a carbon cluster film having a stable electrical conductivity is formed by introducing an impurity into a thin film of fullerenes by ion implantation. The fullerenes include C.sub.60, C.sub.70 or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition that is the reaction of a fullerene containing at least one corrannulene ring structure and Y.sub.2 X.sub.2, wherein Y is Se or S, and X is Cl or Br. Generally, these compounds may be represented by the formula C.sup.f.sub.n X.sub.6 Y.sub.2 or more particularly C.sup.f.sub.n X.sub.5 (YYX). In the formula C.sup.f.sub.n more specifically, is a fullerene having at least one corrannulene ring structure. The compositions may be made by reacting fullerenes with Se.sub.2 X.sub.2 or S.sub.2 X.sub.2 wherein X is Cl or Br, preferably in liquid form and preferably heated for a time sufficient to produce the novel compositions. The compositions may be isolated in crystalline form by precipitation with a solvent such as hexane. In crystalline form the compositions may be represented by the generic formula C.sup.f.sub.n X.sub.8 Y.sub.4, or more particularly, C.sup.f.sub.n X.sub.5 (YYX).mY.sub.2 X.sub.2 because in crystalline form the compositions are typically associated with .mY.sub.

Abstract: A method of encapsulating radioactive materials inside fullerenes for stable long-term storage. Fullerenes provide a safe and efficient means of disposing of nuclear waste which is extremely stable with respect to the environment. After encapsulation, a radioactive ion is essentially chemically isolated from its external environment.

Abstract: Superconducting, metal-doped fullerenes are provided, along with processes for their preparation in relatively high stoichiometric purity. In one embodiment, the processes provide fullerenes of the formula M.sub.x C.sub.q, where M is a metal, x is greater than 0 but less than about 10, and q is at least 60. The processes comprise contacting C.sub.q with metal in an amount and under reaction conditions effective to produce a compound having the formula M.sub.y C.sub.q, and contacting said M.sub.y C.sub.q with a portion of C.sub.q in an amount and under reaction conditions effective to produce said M.sub.x C.sub.q, wherein y is greater than x.

Abstract: Carbon clusters, such as C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 fullerenes are separated by means of a recognition selector having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is O, S or NR.sub.12 wherein R.sub.12 is independently hydrogen or P.dbd.O with the proviso that when R.sub.12 is P.dbd.O, then only one such group is present and all R.sub.2 's are additionally bonded to R.sub.12,R.sub.4 is independently O, S or NH,R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl,n and o are each independently zero, 1, 2 or 3,p, q, r, s and t are each independently zero or 1,Ar is a monocyclic or ortho-fused polycyclic aromatic moiety having up to 10 carbon atoms, either of which may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more lower alkyl, NO.sub.2, N(R.sub.6).sub.3.sup.+, CN, COOR.sub.7, SO.sub.3 H, COR.sub.8 and OR.sub.9 wherein R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;W is H or CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; andm is 1 to 10.

Abstract: A process and system for producing fullerenes by electron beam evaporation of a carbon target in a vacuum. A carbon target is evaporated by an electron beam in a vacuum to form a flux of carbon atoms or clusters. The evaporated carbon atoms or clusters are deposited onto collection substrates which are electrically charged and heated or neutral and chilled. The resulting carbon soot is extracted to recover fullerenes. The process produces carbon soot which is rich in C.sub.70 and higher fullerenes.

Abstract: A low-cost and facile method of purifying fullerenes to obtain a preparation enriched in a fullerene of selected molecular weight using activated carbon involves adding a fullerene mixture to the top end of a column comprising activated carbon, passing a solvent in which the selected molecular weight fullerene is soluble through the column, and recovering a fraction enriched in the selected molecular weight fullerene from the bottom end of the column. In addition to activated carbon, the column may further comprise silica gel, diatomaceous earth, or other materials which aid in column packing and eluent flow.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is described for the production of purified fullerenes using a non-reactive gas to collect and transport impure fullerenes from an evaporation zone to a heated filter zone in which solid impurities may be filtered out of the mixture. If one or more condensed fullerenes are present in the gas stream entering the filter zone, such condensed fullerenes may be vaporized in the filter zone and carried to a condensation zone in which one or more vaporized fullerenes may be recovered. When more than one vaporized fullerene is present in the gas entering either the filter zone or the condensation zone, a temperature gradient may be used to permit separation and recovery of purified portions of different fullerenes.

Abstract: Fullerenes are generated by vaporizing carbon with a laser beam and maintaining the vaporized carbon at conditions selected to promote fullerene growth and formation. This method of fullerene generation may be used to form new compounds including fullerenes surrounding one or more metal atoms, and fullerenes wherein one or more carbon atoms have been substituted with boron or nitrogen.

Abstract: A carbon powder is disclosed with 40 to 75% by weight QI or more than 90% by weight TI, an optical anisotropy of less than 50% by volume, a start of softening between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C., and an oxygen content of more than 2% by weight, and which can be used for without binding agent the production of shaped carbon bodies. The carbon powder is produced by means of distillation from bituminous product at a maximum of 5 mbars and a final temperature of at least 400.degree. C., grinding of the distillation residue to a particle size of less than 30 .mu.m, and oxidation of the powder into the particle core.

Abstract: A process has been developed to effectively separate and recover essentially pure amounts of both C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 from carbon soot and higher molecular weight fullerenes. This process first extracts the fullerenes from carbon soot and then sequentially separates the C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 molecules using high performance or low pressure adsorption chromatography packed column containing a gel polymer having aromaticity and a pore size ranging from 10 to 500 .ANG..In this process, a first stage of fractionation of the fullerenes is preferably accomplished by selective supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of C.sub.60. Unrecovered C.sub.60 and C.sub.70 molecules are then extracted by supercritical fluid extraction at a higher pressure and/or higher temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for making fullerenes having greater than seventy carbon atoms. The process involves electrical heating of a low density carbon rod in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for making a superconducting fullerine composition, includes reacting a fullerine with an alloy, and particularly reacting C.sub.60 with a binary alloy including an alkali metal or a tertiary alloy including two alkali metals in the vapor phase. Also, a Cesium-doped fullerine high T.sub.c superconducting composition has the formula Cs.sub.x C.sub.60, and particularly Cs.sub.3 C.sub.60. Also, a homogeneous bulk single phase high T.sub.c superconducting composition has the formula (Rb.sub.x K.sub.1-x).sub.3 C.sub.60.