Abstract: Disclosed is a negative electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery that includes a current collector and a negative active material layer on the current collector, the negative active material layer having an active mass density in a range of about 1.6 g/cc to about 2.1 g/cc and including graphite and a pore-forming agent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon nanotube includes following steps. A carbon nanotube structure comprising of a plurality of carbon nanotubes is provided. Metal is applied to outer surfaces of the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube structure is heated in vacuum to a first temperature and a second temperature greater than the first temperature. At the first temperature, there is a reaction between the carbon nanotubes and the metal layer to form metal carbide particles. At the second temperature, the carbon nanotube structure breaks having at least one tip portion.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene substrate, which is manufactured by: bringing a metal layer into contact with a carbon-containing layer and heating the metal layer to dissolve carbon in the carbon-containing layer into the metal layer; and cooling the metal layer to precipitate the carbon in the metal layer as graphene on any substrate surface.

Abstract: A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell is capable of suppressing capacity degradation caused by the repetition of charging and discharging cycles, storage in a charged state, floating charging and the like. A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell, in which Lc (112), which is a crystallite size in a c-axis direction calculated from a (112) diffraction line measured using powder X-ray diffraction method, is within 4.0 nm to 30 nm, a carbon-derived spectrum appearing in electron spin resonance spectroscopy, which is measured using an X band, is in a range of 3200 gauss (G) to 3400 gauss (G), a relative signal intensity ratio (I4.8K/I40K) of the signal intensity (I4.8K) of the spectrum measured at a temperature of 4.8 K to the signal intensity (I40K) of the spectrum measured at a temperature of 40 K is within 1.5 to 3.0, and ?Hpp, which is a line width of the spectrum calculated from a primary derivative spectrum of the temperature of 4.

Abstract: An electrode comprises an acid treated, cathodically cycled carbon-comprising film or body. The carbon consists of single walled nanotubes (SWNTs), pyrolytic graphite, microcrystalline graphitic, any carbon that consists of more than 99% sp2 hybridized carbons, or any combination thereof. The electrode can be used in an electrochemical device functioning as an electrolyser for evolution of hydrogen or as a fuel cell for oxidation of hydrogen. The electrochemical device can be coupled as a secondary energy generator into a system with a primary energy generator that naturally undergoes generation fluctuations. During periods of high energy output, the primary source can power the electrochemical device to store energy as hydrogen, which can be consumed to generate electricity as the secondary source during low energy output by the primary source. Solar cells, wind turbines and water turbines can act as the primary energy source.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for exfoliation of graphene, comprising a chamber which has a through-hole formed at one surface thereof; a cylinder which receives graphite and a volatile material to be vaporized at room temperature and has an opening to be corresponding to the through-hole of the chamber, and which is disposed at an outside of the chamber; a clamp which is disposed in the chamber to pass through the through-hole of the chamber and thus selectively seal the opening of the cylinder; and an operation mechanism which is connected with the clamp and moves the clamp so that the opening of the cylinder is selectively sealed by the clamp. Therefore, it is not necessary to use an acid like sulfuric acid, and it is also not necessary to perform a thermal treatment process for removing sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Method for making graphene sheets exfoliated by oxidation from graphite by mixing graphite powder with a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid and subjecting the resultant mixture to microware irradiation until a finely dispersed suspension graphene sheets is formed in the solution. Graphene sheets exfoliated by oxidation from graphite are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for fabricating an electrode, including the steps of: providing a plurality of carbon nanotubes; shaping the carbon nanotubes to form a plurality of carbon nanotube granules; and mixing the carbon nanotube granules with one or more polymers to form the electrode. The present disclosure also provides an electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to the growth of carbon nanotubes on a substrate, in particular a carbon or metal substrate on which the growth of such nanotubes is usually difficult. Accordingly, the invention includes a first phase that comprises depositing a ceramic sub-layer, followed by a second phase that comprises depositing carbon nanotubes on said sub-layer in a single step and in a single and same growth reactor. The growth can advantageously be carried out by chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A coating for turbomachinery comprises graphite-based sold film lubricant material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a porous graphene film representing superior electrical properties. The method includes preparing a graphene/polymer composite dispersed solution by adding polymer particles to a first graphene dispersed solution obtained by dispersing graphene powders into a solvent, manufacturing a graphene/polymer composite film by using the graphene/polymer composite dispersed solution, and manufacturing the porous graphene film by removing the polymer particles from the graphene/polymer composite film.

Abstract: Apparatus to deliver predetermined forces, containers to hold particulate material and media, media, and the associated parameters for operating such equipment along with methods and compositions provided by the apparatus and methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to ground expanded graphite agglomerate compositions, methods for making such agglomerates, their use as conductive additive, and conductive composites including such ground expanded graphite agglomerates. The disclosure also pertains to methods for making such composites and the use of such composites in preparing thermally conductive materials. The agglomerates may be characterized by a certain softness allowing the agglomerates to dissolve, e.g., through shear forces applied during compounding, thereby leading to an improved feedability and a highly homogenous distribution of the expanded graphite material in the composite matrix.

Abstract: A graphite material for a negative electrode is provided which can suppress capacity degradation due to repeated charging and discharging cycles, storage in a charged state, and floating charging. A method of manufacturing a graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery is provided in which an atomic ratio H/C of hydrogen atoms H and carbon atoms C in the raw coke composition is in a range of 0.30 to 0.50 and a microstrength of the raw coke composition is in a range of 7 wt % to 17 wt %.

Abstract: A metal carbide ceramic fiber having improved mechanical properties and characteristics and improved processes and chemical routes for manufacturing metal carbide ceramic fiber. Metal carbide ceramic fibers may be formed via reaction bonding of a metal-based material (e.g. boron) with the inherent carbon of a carrier medium. One embodiment includes a method of making a metal carbide ceramic fiber using VSSP to produce high yield boron carbide fiber. Embodiments of the improved method allow high volume production of high density boron carbide fiber. The chemical routes may include a direct production of boron carbide fiber from boron carbide powder (B4C) and precursor (e.g. rayon fiber) having a carbon component to form a B4C/rayon fiber that may be processed at high temperature to form boron carbide fiber, and that may be subsequently undergo a hot isostatic pressing to improve fiber purity. Another route may include a carbothermal method comprising combining boron powder (B) with a precursor (e.g.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube composite preform includes a substrate and a plurality of carbon nanotubes formed thereon. Each carbon nanotube includes a first end adjacent to the substrate and a second end away from the substrate. Gaps between the second ends of the carbon nanotubes are bigger than gaps between the first ends thereof. The method for making the carbon nanotube composite preform includes the following steps: (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a plurality of carbon nanotubes (e.g., a carbon nanotube array) on the substrate; (c) placing the carbon nanotubes and the substrate in a solvent for some time; (d) removing the carbon nanotubes and the substrate from the solvent; (e) drying the carbon nanotubes and the substrate to form a carbon nanotube composite preform.

Abstract: A method of producing nano-scaled graphene platelets with an average thickness smaller than 30 nm from a layered graphite material. The method comprises (a) forming a carboxylic acid-intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical reaction; (b) exposing the intercalated graphite compound to a thermal shock to produce exfoliated graphite; and (c) subjecting the exfoliated graphite to a mechanical shearing treatment to produce the nano-scaled graphene platelets. Preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid and acetic acid. The exfoliation step in the instant invention does not involve the evolution of undesirable species, such as NOx and SOx, which are common by-products of exfoliating conventional sulfuric or nitric acid-intercalated graphite compounds. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites. Nano-scaled graphene platelets are much lower-cost alternatives to carbon nano-tubes or carbon nano-fibers.

Abstract: A method is used for releasing a graphene layer from a substrate. A graphene layer is first formed on a surface of a first substrate. A metal layer is then formed on a surface of the graphene layer. A pulling force is then applied to the metal layer to detach the graphene layer from the first substrate. The released graphene layer is bonded by intermolecular force onto a surface of a second substrate separate from the first substrate or onto a surface of a bonding layer formed on the surface of the second substrate. The metal layer is then removed, by for example, etching.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon film that is remarkably excellent in current voltage (IV) characteristics. This is achieved by way of a carbon film structure, two or more carbon film assembly units 12 are formed on a substrate 10. The carbon film assembly units 12 comprise: a stem-like carbon film 14 which is made into a film in the shape of a long and thin needle; and a branch-like carbon film cluster 16 which is made into a film so as to surround the stem-like carbon film 14 from the halfway to the lower part of this stem-like carbon film 14. The stem-like carbon film 14 has the shape of a long and thin needle having a configuration which has a spiral streak-like step part 18 towards the distal end at the circumference face of a near tip and in which the radius becomes small as going to the distal end.

Abstract: A graphene sheet is provided. The graphene sheet includes a carbon lattice and a spatial distribution of defects in the carbon lattice. The spatial distribution of defects is configured to tailor the buckling properties of the graphene sheet.

Abstract: Provided are methods for growing large-size, uniform graphene layers on planarized substrates using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) at atmospheric pressure; graphene produced according to these methods may have a single layer content exceeding 95%. Field effect transistors fabricated by the inventive process have room temperature hole mobilities that are a factor of 2-5 larger than those measured for samples grown on commercially-available copper foil substrates.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for producing graphene are generally disclosed. A seed crystal may be affixed to a support substrate such that the seed crystal faces substantially downwardly and such that the formed graphene crystal hangs substantially downwardly. Feedstock may be provided adjacent to the seed crystal, and a laser beam may be applied to heat the seed crystal and the feedstock to grow a graphene crystal.

Abstract: A graphite film having excellent thermal conductivity, surface hardness, surface adhesion and appearance can be obtained. Further, a thick graphite film in which each of such properties is excellent can be obtained. There is provided a process for producing a graphite film in which a polymer film is thermally treated at a temperature of 2,000° C. or more, the process comprising the step of bringing a polymer film into contact with a substance containing a metal during graphitization treatment. When a polymer film having a high plane orientation is used as a raw material and the raw material is brought into contact with a metal to thermally treat the material, a problem of separation of graphite from the surface can be solved which has not been solved by the prior art, and furthermore a graphite can be obtained having excellent thermal conductivity, surface hardness, density and surface adhesion.

Abstract: A heat dissipater has a graphite-containing flat material provided for adjacent positioning against one or more battery cells, as well as an electrical energy storage device with at least one battery cell and a heat dissipater for removing heat from the battery cell. The heat dissipater has a graphite-containing flat material and is disposed on at least one external face of the battery cell. Accordingly, the graphite-containing flat material contains graphite expandate.

Abstract: Microwave irradiation is used to synthesize graphene and metallic nanocatalysts supported on graphene either by solid or solution phase. In solid phase methods, no solvents or additional reducing agents are required so the methods are “environmentally friendly” and economical, and the graphene and nanocatalysts are substantially free of residual contaminants. Recyclable, high efficiency Pd nanocatylysts are prepared by these methods.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to the use of graphene as a transparent conductive coating (TCC). In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films grown on large areas hetero-epitaxially, e.g., on a catalyst thin film, from a hydrocarbon gas (such as, for example, C2H2, CH4, or the like). The graphene thin films of certain example embodiments may be doped or undoped. In certain example embodiments, graphene thin films, once formed, may be lifted off of their carrier substrates and transferred to receiving substrates, e.g., for inclusion in an intermediate or final product. Graphene grown, lifted, and transferred in this way may exhibit low sheet resistances (e.g., less than 150 ohms/square and lower when doped) and high transmission values (e.g., at least in the visible and infrared spectra).

Abstract: In the bundle of long thin carbon structures of the present invention, end parts of the bundle are interconnected in a carbon network. The interconnected end parts form a flat surface. By this, an electrical connection structure with low resistance and/or a thermal connection structure with high thermal conductivity are obtained. The bundle of long thin carbon structures can be used suitably as a via, heat removal bump or other electronic element.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.

Abstract: Graphite nanoplatelets of expanded graphite and polymer composites produced therefrom are described. The graphite is expanded from an intercalated graphite by microwaves or radiofrequency waves in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere. The composites have barrier and/or conductive properties due to the expanded graphite.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite electrode having a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/gm for use in an electrochemical capacitor. The method comprises (a) providing exfoliated graphite flakes that are substantially interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite network comprising pores; and (b) incorporating an electrochemically active material into at least a pore of the graphite network to form the composite electrode. The exfoliated graphite flakes are preferably obtained from the intercalation and exfoliation of a laminar graphite material selected from natural graphite, spheroidal graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, meso-carbon micro-bead, carbon/graphite fiber, carbon/graphite whisker, carbon/graphite nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, or a combination thereof. A supercapacitor featuring such a composite electrode exhibits an exceptionally high capacitance value and low equivalent series resistance.

Abstract: An investment composition comprising a reducing agent containing carbon.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of graphene oxide and its use in various applications. The invention provides a method for the preparation of graphene oxide which involves treating a mixture of graphene oxide and impurities with a solution of a base. The impurities in the graphene oxide include oxygen-containing species that are associated with it i.e. bound to the graphene oxide but which are not covalently bonded to the graphene. The graphene oxide of the present invention has improved purity relative to the poorly characterised graphene oxide that is produced by existing methods.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a graphite film, and a graphite composite film both having an excellent thermal diffusivity which can sufficiently manage heat dissipation of electronic instruments, precision instruments and the like, along with an excellent flex resistance which can withstand application to bent portions. Means for Resolution of the present invention is a graphite film exhibiting the number of reciprocal foldings being 10,000 times or more as measured using a rectangular strip test piece having a width of 15 mm until the test piece breaks in a MIT folding endurance test under conditions of: a curvature radius R of the bending clamp being 2 mm; a left-and-right bending angle being 135°; a bending rate being 90 times/min; and a load being 0.98 N.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing high yields of carbon nanostructures is disclosed. The apparatus includes an electric arc furnace and a feeder that directs solid carbon dioxide into an electrical arc generated by the electric arc furnace.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making graphenic carbon particles. The method includes introducing a hydrocarbon precursor material capable of forming a two-carbon-fragment species into a thermal zone, heating the hydrocarbon precursor material in the thermal zone to form the graphenic carbon particles from the hydrocarbon precursor material, and collecting the graphenic carbon particles. Apparatus for performing such a method, and graphenic particles produced by the method, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a graphite oxide while purging chlorine dioxide. The invention process employs starting materials comprising a sulfuric acid, a nitric acid, a chlorate salt, and a graphite and further employs an inert purge gas.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making graphenic carbon particles. The method includes introducing a methane precursor material into a thermal zone, heating the methane precursor material in the thermal zone to form the graphenic carbon particles from the methane precursor material, and collecting the graphenic carbon particles. Apparatus for performing such a method, and graphenic particles produced by the method, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for synthesizing continuous graphene sheets are provided. The systems and methods include passing a catalyst substrate through a heated chemical vapor deposition chamber and exposing the substrate to a reaction gas mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbon at a preselected location within the chamber. The reaction gas mixture can include hydrogen having a partial pressure of between about 0 Torr and 20 Torr, hydrocarbon having a partial pressure of between about 20 mTorr and about 10 Torr, and one or more buffer gases. The buffer gases can include argon or other noble gases to maintain atmospheric pressure within the chemical deposition chamber. The resulting graphene can be made with continuous mono and multilayers (up to six layers) and have single crystalline hexagonal grains with a preselected nucleation density and domain size for a range of applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of growing carbon nanotubes (5) on a substrate (1) using a hot-wire-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. The inventive method consists in first depositing a bilayer of titanium (12) and cobalt (13) on the substrate such that: the thickness of the titanium layer is between 0.5 and 5 nm, the thickness of the cobalt layer is between 0.25 and 10 nm, and the thickness of the cobalt layer is between half and double that of the titanium layer.

Abstract: In the method for making graphene, an electrolyte solution is formed by dissolving an electrolyte lithium salt in an organic solvent. Lithium ions are separated out from the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte solution. Metal lithium and graphite are disposed in the electrolyte solution, and the metal lithium and the graphite are in contact with each other. In the electrolyte solution, lithium ions and organic solvent molecules jointly insert between adjacent layers of the graphite to form a graphite intercalation compound. The graphene is peeled off from the graphite intercalation compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming graphene. A graphite positive electrode (or positive electrode together with graphite material) wrapped in a semipermeable membrane and a negative electrode are dipped in an acidic electrolyte to conduct an electrolysis process. As such, a first graphene oxide having a size larger than a pore size of the semipermeable membrane is exfoliated from the graphite positive electrode (or the graphite material). The electrolysis process is continuously conducted until a second graphene oxide is exfoliated from the first graphene oxide, wherein the second graphene oxide has a size which is smaller than the pore size of the semipermeable membrane to penetrate through the semipermeable membrane. The second graphene oxide diffused into the acidic electrolyte outside of the semipermeable membrane is collected. Finally, the collected second graphene oxide is chemically reduced to obtain a graphene.

Abstract: A graphite film which is low in graphite dust generation can be produced by properly selecting acid dianhydride and diamine which constitute a polyimide film, which polyimide film is a raw material of the graphite film. Specifically, the graphite film which is low in graphite dust generation can be obtained if (1) the acid dianhydride is PMDA and the diamine has a molar ratio of ODA/PDA in a range of 100:0 to 80:20, or (2) the acid dianhydride has a molar ratio of PMDA/BPDA in a range of 80:20 to 50:50, and the diamine has a molar ratio of ODA/PDA in a range of 30:70 to 90:10.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating graphene ribbons which are high-functional carbon materials. Provided a method of fabricating graphene ribbons, including (a) preparing a graphene helix carbon structure which is formed by spiral growing of a unit graphene , and (b) applying energy to the carbon structure to obtain ribbon-shaped graphenes.

Abstract: Small particle size expandable graphite materials are described which are highly expandable, as well as methods of making such unique graphite materials. In one embodiment, expandable graphite particles are described having a particle size nominally between about 100 and 200 US mesh, a chromium content of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) and an expansion of about 80 cc/g or greater when heated at about 500° C.

Abstract: A method including providing graphene on a growth substrate; providing a target substrate on the graphene to form a first composite including the target substrate and graphene; and removing at least a portion of the first composite from the growth substrate.

Abstract: A piece of composite having a non-metal substrate such as glass or plastic glass coated with a graphene layer is provided. The graphene layer on the substrate can prevent bullet penetration, cracks, and scratches thereof. The piece of composite can be used as one of, a windshield glass, a door glass, a building window glass, an eye-glass lens, and the like.

Abstract: This disclosure includes a process that unexpectedly can produce very inexpensive graphene, functionalized graphenes, and a new compound called graphenol in particulate or dispersions in solvents. The process can also produce graphene layers on metallic and nonmetallic substrates. Further, the graphenol, functionalized graphenes, and graphene can be utilized to form nanocomposites that yield property improvements exceeding anything reported previously.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide materials and methods for forming a graphene product by vacuum induction heating expandable graphite. The graphene product can include graphene nano-sheets with high purity and uniform thickness. The graphene nano-sheets can contain carbon of more than about 99% by weight. The graphene nano-sheets can be exfoliated or dispersed within a matrix of a semiconducting polymer to form a graphene-containing composite.

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries having an anode comprising at least one graphene layer in electrical communication with titania to form a nanocomposite material, a cathode comprising a lithium olivine structure, and an electrolyte. The graphene layer has a carbon to oxygen ratio of between 15 to 1 and 500 to 1 and a surface area of between 400 and 2630 m2/g. The nanocomposite material has a specific capacity at least twice that of a titania material without graphene material at a charge/discharge rate greater than about 10 C. The olivine structure of the cathode of the lithium ion battery of the present invention is LiMPO4 where M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a graphene composition having liquid crystalline properties and a preparation method thereof, and more particularly to a graphene composition wherein graphene having useful electrical properties is uniformly dispersed in a medium, whereby it is chemically and physically stable, exhibits a liquid crystal phase in a wide temperature range and has good compatibility with other compounds, and to a preparation method thereof. In the graphene composition, liquid crystalline properties are imparted to graphene, which can be produced in large amounts and has excellent mechanical, chemical and electrical properties, and thus the graphene composition can provide a chance to apply functional carbon materials in various fields, including nanocomposites, energy storage materials, and photonics.