Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel carbon black materials characterized by a good retention of their structure in the compressed state, as shown, e.g., by a relatively high ratio of compressed OAN/OAN. The materials may inter alia be characterized by a low viscosity in dispersions and by exhibiting low electrical resistivity. Such materials can be advantageously used in various applications, for example in the manufacture of electrochemical cells such as lithium ion batteries or as conductive additive in polymer composite materials. The disclosure also describes a procedure for making such a material as well as well as downstream uses and products comprising said carbon black material.

Abstract: A method of treating an offgas includes purifying the offgas to remove particulate matter, water, undesirable gaseous components and inert gases to produce a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock, and converting at least a portion of carbon oxides in the dried carbon oxide gas feedstock into solid carbon. In other embodiments, a method includes passing a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock through a multi-stage catalytic converter. A first stage is configured to catalyze methane-reforming reactions to convert methane into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen with residual methane. A second stage is configured to catalyze the Bosch reaction and convert carbon oxides and hydrogen to solid carbon and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a fume treatment center (FTC) (23), scrubbing the baking fumes from a rotary baking furnace (1), in which the fumes are drawn in through at least one suction manifold (11) of the baking furnace (1) and collected in a duct (20, 20?) that conveys said fumes to the fume treatment center (23). The fume treatment center includes a tower (24) which sprays water into the fumes in order to cool same and a least one reactor (25) for the physico-chemical neutralization of the fumes, comprising contact with a reagent powder, such as alumina, followed by filtering (36) of the loaded reagent and the fume dust and recycling in the reactor (25) of at least one fraction of the filtered reagent and mixing of the same with fresh reagent.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the apparatus including a reaction tube that provides a space for carbon nanotubes and is formed vertically long, a heating unit that is formed at the outer side of the reaction tube, and heats the reaction tube, a gas-supply unit that sprays reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes by reacting with catalysts positioned inside the reaction tube, an exhaustion unit that is connected to the upper portion of the reaction tube, and discharges non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes, and a blocking unit that is formed inside the reaction tube, discharges only the non-reacted reaction gas for synthesizing the carbon nanotubes to the exhaustion unit, and blocks the discharge of the carbon nanotubes and catalysts, in which the cross-section of the blocking unit is divided in a plurality of polygon structures, and downward-slanted blocking wings are formed at each divided cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel composite metal oxide catalyst, a method of making the catalyst, and a process for producing synthesis gas using the catalyst. The catalyst may be a nickel and cobalt based dual-active component composite metal oxide catalyst. The catalyst may be used to produce synthesis gas by the carbon dioxide reforming reaction of methane. The catalyst on an anhydrous basis after calcinations has the empirical formula: M a m + ? N b n + ? Al c 3 + ? Mg d 2 + ? O ( am 2 + bn 2 + 3 2 ? c + d ) Mm+ and Nn+ are two transition metals serving as dual-active components and selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn or mixtures thereof, a+b+c+d=1, and 0.001?a?0.8, 0.001?b?0.8, 0.1?c?0.99, 0.01?d?0.99.

Abstract: Carbon blacks containing silicon and a process for manufacturing them. The carbon blacks containing silicon are suitable as reinforcing carbon blacks for rubber mixtures and give the latter viscoelastic properties such as reduced rolling resistance in tires. At the same time, the wet traction is even improved in the process.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic production of hydrogen, from a wide variety of low heating value fuel gases containing carbon monoxide, comprises circulating a carbonaceous material between two reactors--a carbon deposition reactor and a steaming reactor. In the carbon deposition reactor, carbon monoxide is removed from a fuel gas and is deposited on the carbonaceous material as an active carbon. In the steaming reactor, the reactive carbon reacts with steam to give hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The carbonaceous material contains a metal component comprising from about 75% to about 95% cobalt, from about 5% to about 15% iron, and up to about 10% chromium, and is effective in suppressing the production of methane in the steaming reactor.

Abstract: A fluidized bed disproportionation of carbon monoxide is effected using ferrous metal component-containing catalysts in particulate form. The bed also contains an abradant to continuously remove from the surface of those particles a substantial quantity of the carbonaceous fibers formed on those surfaces. The method produces a carbonaceous material of desired carbon and ferrous metal content. The process allows the use of two beds in series for producing high carbon content products.

Abstract: Coal is gasified to produce carbon monoxide which is converted to carbon by a reverse Boudouard reaction2CO.fwdarw.CO.sub.2 +CThe carbon dioxide is recycled and reacted with coal to create more carbon monoxide by the Boudouard reactionCO.sub.2 +C.fwdarw.2COThe resulting carbon is recovered and mixed with a liquid to form a liquid slurry of particulate carbon which is useful as a liquid fuel. The liquid may be water or hydrocarbonaceous liquids. The process optimizes recovery of carbon from coal in a usable form, substantially free of sulfur, hydrogen, ash and nitrogen.

Abstract: A fluidized bed disproportionation of carbon monoxide is effected using ferrous metal component-containing catalysts in particulate form. The bed also contains an abradant to continuously remove from the surface of those particles a substantial quantity of the carbonaceous fibers formed on those surfaces. The method produces a carbonaceous material of desired carbon and ferrous metal content. The process allows the use of two beds in series for producing high carbon content products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing carbon filaments by dissociating a carbon-containing gas at a temperature to about 800.degree. C. in the presence of iron monoxide. The iron monoxide can be produced by treating a sample of substantially pure iron with steam at a temperature from about 540.degree. C.

Abstract: A carbon-containing solid (such as oil shale or tar sand) is treated with air in a six-stage vertical shaft to make producer gas, oil and a pure carbon as products. The top and bottom stages of the vertical shaft are fed to pre-heat incoming solid and to scavenge sensible heat from the processed solid. One stage is a direct retort and makes a gas stream which is a mixture of producer gas and oil. Another stage is a gas producer which converts fixed carbon on the solid to carbon monoxide by reaction with air and carbon dioxide. A fifth stage preheats incoming air. The sixth stage cools and purifies hot carbon monoxide-rich producer gas.The oil and producer gas products are made by direct retorting of the solid with air followed by a separation step. The pure carbon product is made by separating pure carbon monoxide from the carbon monoxide-rich producer gas followed by reacting the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and the pure carbon product.

Abstract: A method for applying electrical energy within a reactant chamber to enhance a process being carried out in said chamber. The chamber is filled solely or in part with an electrical energy-producing material which will produce electrical energy when excited. In one embodiment the electrical energy-producing material is a piezoelectric material, e.g. Rochelle salt, which is excited by a stress exerted by a piston within the chamber. In another embodiment, the electrical energy-producing material is a ferroelectric material, e.g. barium titanate, which is excited by an external electrical field applied through an electrode within the chamber. In certain processes, e.g. adsorption, catalysis, etc., the electrical energy-producing material may be mixed with an appropriate process material, e.g. adsorbent, catalyst, etc., to form the bed of material in the chamber.

Abstract: Plant for thermochemically dissociating water by solar energy, the improvement therein including at least one substance enclosed in electromagnetic fields and heatable by solar energy absorption to a temperature above 1.100.degree. C., and method of operation of the plant.

Abstract: Methane and/or carbon are produced when carbon monoxide and hydrogen are passed through a molten salt bath containing suspended therein a finely divided material capable of catalyzing the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to carbon and/or methane containing gases.

Abstract: Finely divided carbon is manufactured by a process including producing a gaseous stream containing carbon monoxide by reacting coal and air in a slagging ash gasifier, separating carbon monoxide from the gaseous mixture, and disproportionating the carbon monoxide to produce finely divided carbon and carbon dioxide, the latter of which is recycled to the gasifier.

Abstract: A method for introducing ash-free solid carbon into a reaction vessel while under pressure or vacuum conditions and the conversion of said carbon to a metal carbide for the production of acetylene for use as such and as a precursor in the preparation of other organic compounds. The technique is also used for de-ashing and desulfurizing coal or char and is a method for extracting carbon from any charable substance, including wastes. It is, in addition, used as a method of exploiting the gases evolved from underground carbonaceous deposit fires.

Abstract: A process wherein a blast furnace is operated with oxygen instead of air to provide hot metal and a top gas of essentially carbon monoxide which is disproportionated, or decomposed, to carbon black.