Abstract: Provided herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods useful for continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter. In certain aspects and embodiments, the invention presents continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas.

Abstract: The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems, methods, and devices for pyrolysis of methane in a microwave plasma for hydrogen production and structured carbon powder. Some methods are directed to producing a structured carbon powder using a microwave generated plasma comprising injecting a plasma gas comprising methane (CH4) into a liner, the liner in communication with a microwave waveguide; propagating microwaves through the microwave waveguide, the microwaves generated using a microwave generator; and generating a microwave plasma by contacting the plasma gas with the microwaves.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining carbon fiber from carbon fiber waste (e.g., pre-preg and CFP waste). The method and apparatus selects, or is controlled to select, between using an oxygen free pyrolytic process to volatilize the epoxy resin or other matrix in which the fibers are held to liberate the fibers therefrom and, depending upon the type of pre-preg waste, using a reactor environment where the reactor atmosphere has about 1% to about 2% oxygen by volume. The reactor has a counterflow such that the carbon fibers are moved in one direction and the off gasses are moved in the opposite direction. A combination of steam at the reactor outlet and vacuum pressure at the reactor inlet create the counter flow.

Abstract: A method of manufacture for a carbon/carbon part including a method to remove contamination from an intermediate product of the carbon/carbon part and furnace utilizing a gaseous reducing agent hydrogen gas to reduce the contaminates, thereby causing the contaminates to transition to a gaseous state at relatively lower temperatures. A method to remove contamination from an intermediate product of the carbon/carbon part and furnace utilizing hydrogen gas to reduce the contaminates, thereby causing the contaminates to transition to a gaseous state at relatively lower temperatures.

Abstract: A coating liquid includes: ultrafine zinc oxide particles; a polyester resin; an ammonium polycarboxylate salt; and water, in which an amount of the ammonium polycarboxylate salt is from 1 to 35 mass % with respect to that of the ultrafine zinc oxide particles.

Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, resins, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Abstract: A reactive process for converting hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen gas and sulfur and a reactor for effecting such process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for recovering (recycling) carbon fibers from carbon fiber-containing plastics, in particular from carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFPs), preferably from carbon fiber-containing and/or carbon fiber-reinforced composites (composite materials), and also to the recycled carbon fibers obtainable by the process according to the invention and the use thereof.

Abstract: A compound containing a structural unit derived from a novel vinyl ether compound. This compound contains a structural unit represented by formula (1), in which the rings (Z1, Z2, Y1, Y2) are aromatic hydrocarbon rings; X1 and X2 represent a single bond or —S—; R represents a single bond or a specific divalent group; R1a and R1b represent a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group; R2a and R2b represent a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon group; R3a and R3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon; m1 and m2 are integers of 0 or greater; n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4; V1 is a group represented by formulas (a1)-(a3); and V2 is a group represented by formulas (a1)-(a4). In formulas (a1)-(a4), * represents a bonding hand, while ** and *** represent a bonding hand with an oxygen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a transparent electrode using a carbon nanotube (CNT) film, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a transparent electrode, the method comprising the steps of forming a CNT film on a desired substrate using a dispersed solution of CNT and then reducing/forming metal nanoparticles on the surface of the CNT film. According to the present invention, a transparent electrode in which gold nanoparticles are formed on the surface of high density CNT film having high purity, can be prepared. The inventive transparent electrode has high visible ray penetration and an excellent electrical conductivity by hyperfine metal particles uniformly formed on the surface thereof as well as a uniform increase in electrical conductivity over the whole CNT film, and thus it can be applied to various displays as well as image sensors, solar cells, touch panels, digital papers, electromagnetic shielding agents, static charge preventing agents and the like.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbon supported catalyst includes a step of providing a first carbon supported catalyst having a platinum-group metal supported on a first carbon support. Characteristically, the first carbon support has a first average micropore diameter and a first average carbon surface area. The first carbon supported catalyst is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature less than about 450° C. for a predetermined period of time to form a second carbon supported catalyst, wherein the first carbon support or the second carbon supported catalyst is acid leached.

Abstract: Pyrolysis of machined osseous tissue results in a monolith of carbon interwoven within the HA scaffold native to the original tissue. This HA framework prevents the collapse of the carbon to dense forms during pyrolysis. Upon removal of the HA scaffold after pyrolysis, a monolith that preserves the macroscopic form of the carbon remains. The monolith is placed in a solution of catalyst, noble metal ions for example, which is then reduced to facilitate the precipitation of nanoparticles of the catalyst. The novelty of this invention is that a high number of particles are contained within a relatively small, extremely high surface area solid support. The current invention demonstrates that the pyrolysis of intact bovine cortical bone produces high-carbon-surface-area monoliths, which can be used as a scaffold for reusable catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of modifying electrical properties of carbon nanotubes by subjecting a composition of carbon nanotubes to one or more radical initiator(s). The invention also relates to an electronic component such as field-effect transistor comprising a carbon nanotube obtained using the method of the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the modified carbon nanotubes in conductive and high-strength nanotube/polymer composites, transparent electrodes, sensors and nanoelectromechanical devices, additives for batteries, radiation sources, semiconductor devices (e.g. transistors) or interconnects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon fiber-containing particles, preferably in the form of pellets or granules, which are suitable, in particular, for producing carbon fiber-containing (composite) materials, preferably carbon fiber-containing plastics, and also a process for producing them and their use.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for assembling semiconducting nanowires, which method can include providing a mixture comprising a dielectric solvent and two or more semiconducting nanowires, wherein the semiconducting nanowires can be the same or different; exposing the mixture to an electrostatic charge under lighting conditions; and allowing macroscopic nanowire alignment to occur, wherein each nanowire is substantially oriented along the direction of the applied electric field.

Abstract: A system and method for preparing a pelletized carbon black product is provided. The system includes a source of a carbon black product from a pyrolysis process. A mixer is in communication with the source of the carbon black product. A binder oil storage tank is in fluid communication with the mixer. The binder oil storage tank is configured to inject a desired amount of a binder oil into the mixer to form the pelletized carbon black product.

Abstract: A composite carbon material of negative electrode in lithium ion, which is made of composite graphite, includes a spherical graphite and a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is pyrolytic carbon of organic substance. Inserted transition metal elements are contained between layers of graphite crystal. Preparation of the negative electrode includes the steps of: crushing graphite, shaping to form a spherical shape, purifying treatment, washing, dewatering and drying, dipped in salt solution doped by transition metal in multivalence, mixed with organic matter, covering treatment, and carbonizing treatment or graphitization treatment. The negative electrode provides advantages of reversible specific capacity larger than 350 mAh/g, coulomb efficiency higher than 94% at first cycle, conservation rate for capacity larger than 8-% in 500 times of circulation.

Abstract: A method of purifying a nanodiamond powder includes preparing the nanodiamond powder, heating the nanodiamond powder at between 450° C. and 470° C. in an atmosphere including oxygen, performing a hydrochloric acid treatment on the heated nanodiamond powder, and performing a hydrofluoric acid treatment on the nanodiamond powder obtained after performing the hydrochloric acid treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for separating metallic CNT and semiconducting CNT, comprising treating with a physical separation means of centrifugation, freezing-thawing-squeezing, diffusion, permeation or the like using a gel containing CNT as a dispersed and isolated state (CNT-containing gel), to thereby make semiconducting CNT exist in gel and make metallic CNT exist in solution.

Abstract: A process for lowering the carbon content in ash includes introducing the ash having a carbon content of 1 to 20 wt-% into a reactor where the ash is burnt at a temperature between 700 and 1100° C. Fuel is also introduced into the reactor. During combustion, microwave radiation is fed into the reactor. At least part of the energy released during the combustion is recovered.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions useful in the separation of fullerenes from a mixture comprising fullerenes. Also provided herein are methods of making the compositions, as well as methods of using the compositions for fullerene separation.

Abstract: Amine-aldehyde resins are disclosed for removing a wide variety of solids and/or ionic species from the liquids in which they are suspended and/or dissolved. These resins are especially useful as froth flotation depressants, for example in the beneficiation of value materials (e.g., bitumen, coal, or kaolin clay) to remove impurities such as sand. The resins are also useful for treating aqueous liquid suspensions to remove solid particulates, as well as for removing metallic ions in the purification of water.

Abstract: Provided is a method of separating carbon and oxygen isotopes by using a laser. In one preferred embodiment, the method includes performing a photolysis process on formaldehyde including a carbon or oxygen isotope by irradiation with ultraviolet light having a wavelength ranging from 340 nm to 360 nm to generate carbon monoxide having a carbon or oxygen isotope enriched therein and hydrogen, performing a catalytic reaction on the carbon monoxide having a carbon or oxygen isotope enriched therein and the hydrogen to synthesize carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) having a carbon or oxygen isotope enriched therein, and cooling the H2O to recover CO2 having a carbon isotope enriched therein or H2O having an oxygen isotope enriched therein.

Abstract: The present teachings provide, in part, methods of separating two-dimensional nanomaterials by atomic layer thickness. In certain embodiments, the present teachings provide methods of generating graphene nanomaterials having a controlled number of atomic layer(s).

Abstract: A trap Including: an inlet configured to receive a fluid conveying nanostructures; ionic liquid configured to trap the nanostructures; and an outlet for the fluid.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention is a process for producing carbon nanotubes, the process comprising: a) the synthesis of alcohol(s) by fermentation of at least one vegetable matter and optionally the purification of the product obtained; b) the dehydration of the alcohol or alcohols obtained in a) in order to produce, in a first reactor, a mixture of alkene(s) and water and optionally the purification of the product obtained; c) the introduction, in particular the introduction into a fluidized bed, in a second reactor, of a powdery catalyst at a temperature ranging from 450 to 850° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a metallic carbon nanotube, by which a dispersion with a high concentration can be obtained. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing a metallic carbon nanotube, which comprises a fullerene addition step wherein fullerenes are added into a carbon nanotube-containing solution in which metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconductive carbon nanotubes are mixed, and a taking-out step wherein carbon nanotubes dispersed by the added fullerenes are taken out.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing an elongated (rolled) carbonaceous film by polymer pyrolysis while suppressing the fusion bonding and the rippling of the carbonaceous film. The method for producing a carbonaceous film includes the step of heat-treating a polymer film wound into a roll, wherein the heat treatment is performed after the polymer film is wound into a roll at a temperature lower than a pyrolysis onset temperature of the polymer film so that the roll of polymer film has a center and has a space inside its cross-sectional circle (50% cross-sectional circle) (space within 50% cross-sectional circle) whose center is at the center and whose circumference passes through a point at which a length of the polymer film from an inner end thereof is 50% of a total length of the polymer film and that an area of the space within 50% cross-sectional circle is 25% or more of an area of the 50% cross-sectional circle.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a two-phase liquid-liquid extraction process that enables sorting and separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes based on (n, m) type and/or diameter. The two-phase liquid extraction method of the invention is based upon the selective reaction of certain types of nanotubes with electron withdrawing functional groups as well as the interaction between a phase transfer agent and ionic moieties on the functionalized nanotubes when combined in a two-phase liquid solution. Preferably, the subject invention enables efficient, bulk separation of metallic/semi-metallic nanotubes from semi-conducting nanotubes. More preferably, the subject invention enables efficient, bulk separation of specific (n, m) types of nanotubes.

Abstract: In the raw coke composition of the invention, as the starting material for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery, the ratio of the crystallite size Lc(002) and lattice constant co(002) (Lc(002)/co(002)) on the 002 plane is no greater than 180, and the ratio of the crystallite size La(110) and the lattice constant ao(110) (La(110)/ao(110)) on the 110 plane is no greater than 1500, as determined by X-ray diffraction upon graphitizing in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 2800° C.

Abstract: A method for controlled deposition and orientation of molecular sized nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) on substrates is disclosed. The method comprised: forming a thin layer of polymer coating on a substrate; exposing a selected portion of the thin layer of polymer to alter a selected portion of the thin layer of polymer; forming a suspension of nanostructures in a solvent, wherein the solvent suspends the nanostructures and activates the nanostructures in the solvent for deposition; and flowing a suspension of nanostructures across the layer of polymer in a flow direction; thereby: depositing a nanostructure in the suspension of nanostructures only to the selected portion of the thin layer of polymer coating on the substrate to form a deposited nanostructure oriented in the flow direction. By selectively employing portions of the method above, complex NEMS may be built of simpler NEMSs components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high surface area porous carbon material and a process for making this material. In particular, the carbon material is derived from biomass and has large mesopore and micropore surfaces that promote improved adsorption of materials and gas storage capabilities.

Abstract: Plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition is used to form single crystal diamond from a seed and methane. A susceptor is used to support the seed. Under certain conditions, crystalline grit is formed in addition to the diamond. The crystalline grit in one embodiment comprises mono crystals or twin crystals of carbon, each having its own nucleus. The crystals form in columns or tendrils to the side of the monocrystalline diamond or off a side of the susceptor. The crystals may have bonding imperfections which simulate doping, providing conductivity. They may also be directly doped. Many tools may be coated with the grit.

Abstract: A non-activated, majority non-graphitic amorphous carbon material may be produced by supplying a carbonized precursor material, heating the carbonized precursor material in a first heating step at a temperature and for a duration sufficient to produce a heat-treated carbon material that has a specific surface area less than about 500 m2/g and is less than about 20% graphitic by mass, purifying the heat-treated carbon material, and heating the purified heat-treated carbon material in a second heating step at a temperature and for a duration to produce a non-activated, majority non-graphitic amorphous carbon material that has a specific surface area less than about 500 m2/g and is less than about 20% graphitic by mass.

Abstract: A purification method for a carbon material containing carbon nanotubes is provided, which satisfies the following requirements: The method should prevent carbon nanotubes from being damaged, broken or flocculated; the method should be capable of removing the catalyst metal and carbon components other than the carbon nanotubes; and the method should be applicable to not only multi-walled carbon nanotubes but also single-walled carbon nanotubes which will undergo significant structural changes when heated to 1400° C. or higher temperatures. The method is characterized by including a carbon material preparation process for preparing a carbon material containing carbon nanotubes by an arc discharge method, using an anode made of a material containing at least carbon and a catalyst metal; and a halogen treatment process for bringing the carbon material into contact with a gas containing a halogen and/or halogen compound.

Abstract: A system for making low volatile carbonaceous material including a digestion vessel in communication with a carbonaceous material feedstock unit for producing a digested carbonaceous material; an extraction vessel in communication with the digestion vessel, the extraction vessel containing supercritical carbon dioxide fluid for extracting hydrocarbons from the digested carbonaceous material to produce an extract solvent and the low volatile carbonaceous material; and at least one separation vessel in communication with the extraction vessel for separating the extract solvent to a carbon dioxide gas and a stream of extracted hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A nanotube separation method includes depositing a tag on a nanotube in a nanotube mixture. The nanotube has a defect and the tag deposits at the defect where a deposition rate is greater than on another nanotube in the mixture lacking the defect. The method includes removing the tagged nanotube from the mixture by using the tag. As one option, the tag may contain a ferromagnetic material and the removing may include applying a magnetic field. As another option, the tag may contain an ionic material and the removing may include applying an electric field. As a further option, the tag may contain an atom having an atomic mass greater than the atomic mass of carbon and the removing may include applying a centrifugal force to the nanotube mixture. Any two or more of the indicated removal techniques may be combined.

Abstract: A method for removing impurities from carbon nanotubes is described. Impurities may be removed from the carbon nanotubes by exposing the carbon nanotubes to a temperature, and controlling the temperature such that the temperature is constantly increasing to remove at least a portion of the impurities from the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Methods and processes for synthesizing high quality carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are provided. The method provides the means for optimization of amount of carbon precursor and transport gas per unit weight of catalyst. In certain aspects, methods are provided wherein a supported metal catalyst is contacted with a carbon precursor gas at about one atmosphere pressure, wherein SWNTs are synthesized at a growth rate of about 0.002 ?m/sec to about 0.003 ?m/sec and the SWNTs have a ratio of G-band to D-band in Raman spectra (IG:ID) of greater than about 4. Efficiencies of about 20% can be achieved when contacting the catalyst deposited on a support with a carbon precursor gas with a flow rates of about 4.2×10?3 mol CH4/sec·g (Fe) at 780° C. Hydrocarbon flow rates of about 1.7 10?2 mol CH4/sec·g (Fe) and higher result in faster carbon SWNTs growth with improved quality. Slower rates of carbon atoms supply (˜4.5×1020 C atoms/s·g Fe or 6.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube synthesis process apparatus comprises a reaction tube in which a reaction field is formed, and a discharge pipe (32) arranged downstream of the reaction tube and discharging carbon nanotubes to the outside. A plurality of nozzles (34) are provided on the sidewall of the discharge pipe (32) in directions which are deflected with respect to the center (O) of the discharge pipe (32). When gases are discharged from the plurality of nozzles (34), a swirl flowing from the inner side surface along the inner side surface is produced in the discharge pipe (32). Adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the inner side surface of the discharge pipe (32) is prevented by the swirl flow and thus the apparatus can be operated continuously.

Abstract: To provide a method for separating metallic CNT and semiconducting CNT by treating a CNT-containing gel or a CNT dispersion as combined with a gel, according to a physical separation means to thereby make semiconducting CNT exist in gel and metallic CNT exist in solution, in which the semiconducting CNT adsorbed by gel are collected in a more simplified manner not dissolving the gel. A CNT-containing gel or a CNT dispersion combined with a gel is treated according to a physical separation means of a centrifugal method, a freezing squeezing method, a diffusion method or a permeation method, to thereby make semiconducting CNT exist in gel and metallic CNT exist in solution so that the metallic CNT and the semiconducting CNT are separated from each other, and further, a suitable eluent is made to react on the gel that adsorbs semiconducting CNT to elute the semiconducting CNT from the gel.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a particulate active carbon, in particular in the form of active carbon particles, preferably active carbon beads, for the field of medicine and/or for the production of a medicament, wherein the active carbon employed has a large micropore volume content, based on the total pore volume of the active carbon. A microporous active carbon of this type if particularly suitable for medicinal use.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for separating single-walled carbon nanotubes from double and multi-walled carbon nanotubes by using the difference in the buoyant density of Single-Walled versus Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a vessel with first and second solutions. The first solution comprises a quantity of carbon nanotubes, including single-walled carbon nanotubes and double and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The single walled nanotubes have a first density, the double and multi-walled nanotubes having a second density. The second solution in the vessel has a third density between said first and second densities. The vessel is centrifuged to form first and second layers in the vessel, with the second solution between said first and second layers. The single-walled carbon nanotubes are predominantly in the first layer, and the second and multi-walled carbon nanotubes are predominantly in the second layer.

Abstract: A method of purification and modification of carbon nanoproduct involves forcing a mixture of the dehydrated air or oxygen or ozone or any combination thereof through the carbon nanoproduct under pressure up to 0.8 MPa accompanied by mixing of the carbon nanoproduct and heating in the temperature range from +20 to +550° C. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: To effectively utilize coal ash while reducing mercury concentration in cement kiln exhaust gas. Coal ash is received from a thermal power plant or the like; the received coal ash is separated into ash and unburned carbon; the separated ash is utilized in a cement manufacturing facility as a cement raw material; and the separated unburned carbon is utilized in the cement manufacturing facility in accordance with mercury concentration in gas exhausted from a cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility. In case that the mercury concentration in the gas exhausted from the cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility is high, in the coal ash, unburned carbon with high mercury content can be treated in facilities other than the cement manufacturing facility without feeding the unburned carbon to the cement manufacturing facility, or the quantity of such unburned carbon fed to the cement manufacturing facility can be adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for separating metallic CNT and semiconducting CNT, comprising treating with a physical separation means of centrifugation, freezing-thawing-squeezing, diffusion, permeation or the like using a gel containing CNT as a dispersed and isolated state (CNT-containing gel), to thereby make semiconducting CNT exist in gel and make metallic CNT exist in solution.

Abstract: A method of separating at least one carbon nanotube having a desired diameter and/or chirality from a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different diameters and/or chiralities is provided. A calixarene of formula (I): wherein n?4; X is PO3H2, Ra—PO3H, SO3H, or Ra—SO3H; Y is Rb, OH, or ORb; and Ra and Rb are independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylene alkyl and optionally substituted alkylene aryl is combined with the mixture of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous solvent to produce an aqueous supernatant containing the carbon nanotube(s) having the desired diameter and/or chirality. The aqueous supernatant containing the carbon nanotube(s) is then separated from a residue comprising the remaining carbon nanotubes of the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides arrays of longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes having specified positions, nanotube densities and orientations, and corresponding methods of making nanotube arrays using guided growth and guided deposition methods. Also provided are electronic devices and device arrays comprising one or more arrays of longitudinally aligned carbon nanotubes including multilayer nanotube array structures and devices.

Abstract: A nanotube separation method includes depositing a tag on a nanotube in a nanotube mixture. The nanotube has a defect and the tag deposits at the defect where a deposition rate is greater than on another nanotube in the mixture lacking the defect. The method includes removing the tagged nanotube from the mixture by using the tag. As one option, the tag may contain a ferromagnetic material and the removing may include applying a magnetic field. As another option, the tag may contain an ionic material and the removing may include applying an electric field. As a further option, the tag may contain an atom having an atomic mass greater than the atomic mass of carbon and the removing may include applying a centrifugal force to the nanotube mixture. Any two or more of the indicated removal techniques may be combined.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gasifying or liquifying coal. In particular, the method comprises reacting a coal with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.