Abstract: This invention involves new compositions and methods of use and delivery of amorphous calcium compounds such as: amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (ACPF), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate (ACCP), amorphous calcium carbonate phosphate fluoride (ACCPF), and amorphous calcium fluoride (ACF) for use in remineralizing and fluoridating teeth. These amorphous compounds or solutions which form the amorphous compounds or calcium phosphate jelly which forms the amorphous compounds, when applied either onto or into dental tissue to prevent and/or repair dental weaknesses such as dental caries, exposed roots and dentin sensitivity. The compounds have the highest solubilities, fastest formation rates and fastest conversion rates (to apatite) among all the calcium phosphates under physiological conditions. Moreover, in the presence to fluoride the amorphous compound convert rapidly to fluoride containing apatite.

Abstract: A flux which contains irreversibly dehydrated K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5, for soldering light metal materials, in particular aluminum. The flux has the advantages of forming a very uniform flux coating on the workpiece or workpieces to be soldered and exhibiting outstanding flow of the solder. An appropriate soldering process, an aqueous flux suspension and preparation processes for the flux are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of potassium salts of complex aluminum fluorides which can be used in particular as a flux in particular for soldering lightweight metallic materials. In the method a potassium compound is added to aqueous fluoroaluminic acid, and potassium cryolite or a substance mixture which contains potassium cryolite is added to the resulting suspension. The resulting product is then dried and can be used as a flux for soldering lightweight metallic materials, especially aluminum.

Abstract: The cycling stability and capacity of Li-ion rechargeable batteries are improved, particularly in an elevated temperature range of about 55.degree. C., by the use of lithium magnesium manganese oxy-fluoride electrode components having the general formula, Li.sub.1+x Mg.sub.y Mn.sub.2-x-y O.sub.4-z F.sub.z, where x.ltoreq.0.2, 0.1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.3, and 0.01.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: Spherical particles of fluoride up-converter phosphors having a particle size of 1 micron and less can be made from their corresponding precursor hydroxycarbonate particles by heating the hydroxycarbonate particles in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to convert the hydroxycarbonate to the corresponding oxide but without changing the size and shape of the particles, and then heating the phosphor oxide particles to their corresponding fluoride particles by heating in SF.sub.6, at a temperature that will crack the SF.sub.6 but will not change the size or shape of the phosphor particles.

Abstract: A crystalline lead-containing oxyfluoride of the formula PbMO.sub.2 F wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Ga, Sc, In, Lu, Yb, Tm, Er and Tl.

Abstract: The present invention is one-step method for synthesizing a synthetic anion intercalated hydrotalcite material. The method comprises reacting an aluminum source with a magnesium source in the presence of an inorganic acid of the anion to be intercalated, and in the absence of a Group IA metal source. The resulting slurry can be dried to form the final product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of intermediates useful in the processing of mineral sands and related materials characterized in that the process comprises:(a) dissolving a metal fluoride or metal chloride compound in an organic solvent; and either(b)(i) adding an ammonium fluoride to the metal fluoride or metal chloride compound dissolved in the organic solvent in step (a) to precipitate an ammonium fluorometallate from the organic solvent; and(ii) dissolving the ammonium fluorometallate from step (b)(i) in water and adding an alkali fluoride or an alkali chloride or an alkali nitrate to produce an alkali fluorometallate and an ammonium fluoride or an ammonium chloride or an ammonium nitrate; or(c) optionally adding the metal fluoride compound dissolved in the organic solvent in step (a) to an alkali fluoride dissolved in water or in aqueous hydrogen fluoride to produce an alkali fluorometallate directly.

Abstract: The cycling stability and capacity of Li-ion rechargeable batteries are improved, particularly in an elevated temperature range of about 55.degree. C., by the use of lithium aluminum manganese oxy-fluoride electrode components having the general formula, Li.sub.1+x Al.sub.y Mn.sub.2-x-y O.sub.4-z F.sub.z, where x.ltoreq.0.4, 0.1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.3, and 0.05.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: A composition for growing a laser crystal is represented by the formula of Li ?R.sub.n .alpha..sub.1-n! ?(Ga.sub.p In.sub.q) .beta..sub.1-p-q ! F.sub.6+n where n is within a range from 10.sup.-5 to 0.1, each of p and q is within a range from 0 to 0.6, a total of p and q is within a range from 0.001 to 0.6, .alpha. is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba and Na, .beta. is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Ni, Co and Fe, and R is a rare-earth element. The composition enables the distribution coefficient of rare-earth element to get closer to 1 and thus enables the laser crystal to have a high and uniform concentration of rare-earth element and to have a large size.

Abstract: The cycling stability and capacity of li-ion rechargeable batteries are improved by the use of lithium manganese oxy-fluoride electrode component intercalation materials having the general formula, Li.sub.1+x M.sub.y Mn.sub.2-x-y O.sub.4-z F.sub.z, where M is a transition metal, e.g., Co, Cr, or Fe, and x.ltoreq.0.4, y.ltoreq.0.3, and 0.05.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1.0.

Abstract: A sol comprising colloidal particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (NaF.MgF.sub.2) having an average particle diameter of from 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A sol comprising colloidal particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (NaF.MgF.sub.2) having an average particle diameter of from 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: An antireflective film, comprising a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F and a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O. The film shows antireflective property over a wide spectral range even with a limited number of layers. An optical element comprising a transparent body is provided with, a film formed thereon, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O and a film formed as an outermost layer facing the air, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F.

Abstract: A disordered fluorite-type photochemical hole burning crystal contains Sm.sup.2+ as active ions, and a composition except Sm.sup.2+ is represented by a general formula .alpha.-(MALn)F.sub.6-v X.sub.v where 0.ltoreq.v.ltoreq.1, and M is an element selected from Ca, Sr and Ba, A is an element selected from Na, K, Rb and Cs, Ln is an element selected from Y, La, Gd and Ce, and X is an element selected from Cl, Br and I. Stable hole burning occurs at the room temperature to create narrow holes. The crystal can be used as a superior optical recording material for a room temperature operation.

Abstract: Recovery of cerium values from fluoride-containing ores such as bastnasite is enhanced. The ore is ground, roasted, and leached with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce an ore concentrate. The concentrate is treated with a solution of hydrochloric acid and boric acid to solubilize cerium values and convert fluoride to tetrafluoroborate ion. Tetrafluoroborate is removed from the solution, e.g., by precipitation, and the solution is further processed for recovery of cerium values. Removal of tetrafluoroborate avoids loss of cerium as insoluble cerium tetrafluorborate during said further processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ionic conductor used for a solid electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity including fluorine, an element belonging to the fourth group or the second group of the periodic table and zirconium. The invention also provides an ionic conductor including fluorine, lead or tin and zirconium. The invention also provides an ionic conductor being Pb.sub.1-x Sn.sub.1-y Zr.sub.x+y F.sub.4+2x+2y wherein 0<x+y.ltoreq.0.16. The invention further provides an ionic conductor being Pb.sub.1-x Sn.sub.1-y Zr.sub.x+y F.sub.4+2x+2y wherein 0<x+y.ltoreq.0.02.

Abstract: Polymorphous phosphorescent compounds of the formula MNbOF.sub.5, wherein M is at least one of barium, strontium, lead and calcium, are prepared by the reaction of the appropriate metal oxide or fluoride with niobium(V) oxide in aqueous hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Polymorphous phosphorescent compounds of the formula MWO.sub.2 F.sub.4, wherein M is barium, strontium or lead, are prepared by the reaction of the appropriate metal tungstate with aqueous hydrofluoric acid. They have no electrons in the d orbital of the ground state, and therefore are useful in applications requiring phosphors with short primary decay times.

Abstract: Electrically conductive halide doped tin-IV-oxide is disclosed which contains divalent tin in an amount not exceeding 2% by weight and also contains 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, of halide.Methods for producing the tin-IV-oxide are also disclosed. The product is suitable for imparting electric conductivity in the form of a filler or pigment to a variety of products such as plastics, lacquer, varnish, paint, paper, textiles and toners, without discoloration of the products.

Abstract: An improved method of making high quality potassium tetrafluoroaluminate. Hydrofluoric acid is added to high purity aluminum metal powder to form aluminum fluoride in solution. Nitric acid is added to this solution whereby impurities in the solution dissolve into the nitric acid. Water is then added to the solution to precipitate from the solution solid aluminum fluoride with impurities removed therefrom. The aluminum fluoride is then milled in the presence of hydrofluoric acid and potassium hydroxide whereby the exposure thereto produces the high quality potassium tetrafluoroaluminate which may then be washed and dried.

Abstract: A colloidal solution comprises a fluoride(s) being difficultly soluble in water comprises colloidal particles of the fluoride having a particle size of 0.005 to 1 micron, said fluoride having a fluoride ion concentration of 1 to 10,000 ppm in the state of saturation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating for electrodes for use in electrochemical cells having an electrochemically active species and an electrolyte. The coating contains active species material and is selectively permeable allowing for the diffusion of the active species through the coating during operation of the cell while providing a substantially impervious barrier to the electrolyte. The coating optionally further includes a polymer layer over the active species containing coating or layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of the active species layer.Electrodes utilizing the coatings described herein may be used in primary and secondary cells over a wide range of operating temperatures to deliver better electrochemical performance even at room temperature.Methods of making the coating and an apparatus for performing these methods on a continuous basis are disclosed.A novel composition of matter is disclosed comprising lithium, silicon, and fluorine prepared by exposing lithium metal to SiF.sub.

Abstract: A process for recovering alkali titanium fluoride salts suitable for commercial use from spent pickle acid liquors containing titanium by adjusting the fluoride to titanium mole ratio to critical ranges, adding an excess of alkali metal salt, and gently agitating the resulting solution at a temperature of at least 22.degree. C. to crystallize out the alkali metal titanium fluoride salt. The resulting filtrate can be neutralized with lime to yield a much reduced quantity of environmentally safe solid wastes compared with current neutralization practices where a titanium salt is not first recovered. (Optionally, in some cases, the filtrate can be recycled back to the acid pickling operation.) The liquid waste from filtering the neutral solids is low in metals and fluorides and generally acceptable for discharge to public treatment systems.

Abstract: A method for producing titanium fluoride comprises: a dissolution process, wherein iron-containing titanium material is dissolved in solutions containing hydrofluoric acid, fluoride solutions being produced; a first crystallization and separation process, wherein ferric fluoride is crystallized and ferric fluoride crystals thus obtained are separated from the fluoride solutions by cooling the fluoride solutions, crude titanium fluoride solutions being produced; a second crystallization and separation process, wherein a mixed salt of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 TiF.sub.6 and (NH).sub.3 FeF.sub.6 is crystallized and separated by mixing ammonium fluoride solutions with the crude titanium fluoride solutions to obtain a mixture and concentrating the mixture; a first pyrolysis process, wherein the ammonium fluoride salt is pyrolyzed at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. in a stream of dry gas after having dried the ammonium fluoride, solid ferric fluoride (FeF.sub.3) and gaseous TF.sub.4, HF and NH.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating for electrodes for use in electrochemical cells having an electrochemically active species and an electrolyte. The coating contains active species material and is selectively permeable allowing for the diffusion of the active species through the coating during operation of the cell while providing a substantially impervious barrier to the electrolyte. The coating optionally further includes a polymer layer over the active species containing coating or layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of the active species layer.Electrodes utilizing the coatings described herein may be used in primary and secondary cells over a wide range of operating temperatures to deliver better electrochemical performance even at room temperature.Methods of making the coating and an apparatus for performing these methods on a continuous basis are disclosed.A novel composition of matter is disclosed comprising lithium, silicon, and fluorine prepared by exposing lithium metal to SiF.sub.

Abstract: New ferrierites are disclosed as well as their process of manufacture.According to the invention, these new ferrierites are characterized by:(a) The following approximate formula:M.sub.x/n (T.sup.III O.sub.2).sub.x (Si.sup.IV O.sub.2).sub.36-xwherein T.sup.III is at least one element selected from the group formed of boron (B.sup.III),aluminum (Al.sup.III),gallium (Ga.sup.III) and iron (Fe.sup.III)x ranges from 0.05 and 6.6M is a compensation cationn is the valence of M.(b) A particular X-ray diagram,(c) A fluorine content after synthesis ranging from about 0.01 to 1.6% by weight, and(d) A Si.sup.IV /T.sup.III molar ratio of at least 4.75.

Abstract: A metal stripping system and an operation process therefor which includes the following elements and steps. A main part of this system is a crystallization apparatus for metal stripping comprising a mixing zone of organic solvent and fluoride series stripping solution, a settling zone for organic solvent, a settling zone for stripping solution, a separation zone for fluorinated metal complex crystal and a stripping solution cooling zone. In the operation of the system wherein the organic solvent containing extracted metal ions is contacted with the fluoride series stripping solution to deposit the fluorinated metal complex crystal and then the crystal is recovered as metal or metal oxide, the stripping solution is circularly used by supplying NH.sub.4 HF.sub.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkali metal fluotitanates by fluorination of a titanium ore, reaction with an alkali metal compound, precipitation and separation of the formed alkali metal fluotitanates, wherein the titanium ore is mixed with a hydrofluosilicate solution, the resulting suspension is evaporated at a temperature of 90.degree.-110.degree. C., the residue is subsequently taken up in water or in a mineral acid and the residue solution is neutralized with an alkali metal compound.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorides of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, V, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb, Al and rare earth metals comprising heating fluorine-containing ammonium salts of corresponding metals in a stream of an inert or reducing gas to convert them into fluorides of the metals.

Abstract: A solid grain pure fluorine gas generator which comprises the in-situ generation of a thermodynamically unstable transition metal fluoride from its stable anion by a displacement reaction with a stronger Lewis acid, followed by the spontaneous irreversible decomposition of said unstable transition metal fluoride to a stable lower fluoride and elemental fluorine of superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for selectively stripping and separating iron ions from an organic solvent (A) which comprises bringing the organic solvent (A) containing iron and zinc ions, and containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl phosphoric acid, alkyl-aryl phosphoric acid, alkyl thio phosphoric acid and alkyl-aryl thio phosphoric acid together with a petroleum hydrocarbon as a diluent, into contact with an aqueous solution containing NH.sub.4.sup.+ and F.sup.- ions so as to selectively strip the iron ions into the aqueous solution despite the coexistence of zinc ions.

Abstract: A process for the production of high purity silane by reacting silicon tetrafluoride exclusively with sodium aluminum tetrahydride, potassium aluminum tetrahydride, or a mixture of sodium aluminum tetrahydride and potassium aluminum tetrahydride, preferably in an inert liquid reaction medium comprising an ether. The inventive process is a highly advantageous and economical route to silane since it also produces valuable fluoride salt.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of porous products containing cobalt fluoride CoF.sub.2 or lead fluoride PbF.sub.2, wherein it comprises thermally decomposing lead fluosilicate or cobalt fluosilicate.

Abstract: A new and useful family of compounds is prepared by fluoride substitution into a cobalt oxide spinel, the new compounds conforming substantially to the empirical formula Co.sub.3 O.sub.x F.sub.y or M.sub.1 'M.sub.2 "--M.sub.i.sup.n Co.sub.(3-.SIGMA.) O.sub.x F.sub.y, where x+2y.congruent.4, where y is an amount such that F.ltoreq.2 wt. % of the compound, and where M.sub.1, M.sub.2, and M.sub.i each represent metal values other than Co. Thus the cobalt oxide spinel may be a single-metal spinel, a bimetal spinel, a trimetal spinel, or a polymetal spinel.

Abstract: A process for production of metallic iron by heating ammonium iron fluoride or iron fluoride in hydrogen stream.

Abstract: Fibrous hydrotalcites having a hexagonal needle-like crystal structure. The fibrous hydrotalcites are produced by contacting a basic magnesium compound having a needle-like crystal structure and expressed by the following formula (2)Mg(OH).sub.2-n'x.sbsb.2 A.sub.x.sbsb.2.sup.n'.spsp.-.m.sub.2 H.sub.2 O (2)wherein A.sup.n'.spsp.- represents a monovalent or divalent anion, n' is 1 or 2, and x.sub.2 and m.sub.2 are numbers satisfying the following conditions,0.2.ltoreq.x.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.5,O.ltoreq.m.sub.2 .ltoreq.2,with a compound capable of providing a trivalent metal cation and being soluble in a liquid reaction medium which is chemically inert and is a non-solvent for the basic magnesium compound, the contacting being carried out in said liquid reaction medium under conditions which do not cause a loss of the needle-like crystal form of the basic magnesium compound, while maintaining the ratio of M.sup.3+ to the sum of Mg and M.sup.3+ at O<M.sup.3+ /(Mg+M.sup.3+).ltoreq.0.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the direct recovery of gaseous fluorine from waste-gas streams or the like. The process comprises passing the gas stream through a bed of anhydrous K.sub.3 NiF.sub.6 pellets to fluorinate the same to K.sub.3 NiF.sub.7 and subsequently desorbing the fluorine by heating the K.sub.3 NiF.sub.7 pellets to a temperature re-converting them to K.sub.3 NiF.sub.6. The efficiency of the fluorine-absorption step is maximized by operating in a selected and conveniently low temperature. The desorbed fluorine is highly pure and is at a pressure of several atmospheres. Preferably, the K.sub.3 NiF.sub.6 pellets are prepared by a method including the steps of forming agglomerates of hydrated K.sub.3 NiF.sub.5, sintering the agglomerates to form K.sub.3 NiF.sub.5 pellets of enhanced reactivity with respect to fluorine, and fluorinating the sintered pellets to K.sub.3 NiF.sub.6.

Abstract: A novel solid composition and method for generating fluorine and gaseous orine components comprising fluorine rich inorganic oxidizing salts such as tetrafluoro ammonium tetrafluoroborate borofluoride and a high energy fuel selected from the group consisting of metals and metal nitrides together with a complexing agent capable of reacting with and trapping the boron trifluoride combustion by-product.

Abstract: The flame resistance of wool and other polyamide fibres is enhanced by depositing in the fibres a complexed zirconium compound formed with an organic chelating agent or a halide. From 0.5 to 5% of Zr (as ZrO.sub.2) is preferred and the zirconium should be in the form of an anionic complex and applied at a pH in the range 0.5 to 4. The complex can be applied by impregnation or exhaustion techniques or may be formed in situ in the fibres. Dyes including acid, premetallized and reactive dyes can be applied at the same time as the zirconium complex. Particularly preferred complexes include fluorozirconates, chlorozirconates and oxalic and citric acid complexes. Fluorocarbon and other oil- or water-repellent finishes are compatible with the zirconium complex.

Abstract: Metal oxyhalides of the general formula ABO.sub.3-f X.sub.f having perovskite-type crystal structures in which A and B are each cations of at least one metal and a portion of the type B cations are catalytically active; X is fluoride or chloride; and f is about from 0.01 to 1.0; useful for the promotion of oxidation and reduction reactions, including those involved in the cleanup of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Cuprous aluminum tetrahalide complexing agents are prepared from cuprous halide such as cuprous chloride contaminated with cupric halide by a method which reduces the cupric ion to the cuprous ion by treating the contaminated cuprous halide with an organo metal compound, such as metal alkyls, metal alkyl halide or metal alkoxides such as diethyl aluminum chloride prior to preparation of the complexing agent by reacting the cuprous halide with an aluminum trihalide such as aluminum trichloride. The pretreatment to remove the cupric ions reduces the amount of aromatic tars formed in processes employing the complexing agents.

Abstract: A hot-pressed optical body which is free from absorption bands due to carbon dioxide, water, hydroxyl ion and acid fluorides in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. Typically, the optical body is formed from a powder of an alkaline earth metal fluoride, alkali metal fluoride, or rare earth metal fluoride. One or more absorption bands due to a single impurity may be reduced or eliminated, or bands due to plural impurities may be reduced or eliminated sequentially, or simultaneously. The optical body is made by flowing a reactive, reducing gas, optionally, in combination with hydrogen fluoride gas, directly into the die cavity containing a pressable ionic fluoride powder, and either hot-pressing or extruding the powder.

Abstract: Lithium hexafluoroarsenate of high purity is prepared by a metathetical rtion between potassium hexafluoroarsenate and lithium perchlorate in an inert organic solvent such as methyl formate. The potassium perchlorate produced is insoluble in the solvent and can be readily separated from the lithium hexafluoroarsenate which is soluble in the solvent.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of yellow phosphorus. One embodiment involves (a) comminuting a natural phosphate having a grading not exceeding 10 mm. and quartzite into a finely-divided state and mixing together said comminuted phosphates and quartzite to obtain a two-component phosphate-quartzite charge; (b) melting said two-component phosphate-quartzite charge; (c) treating the resulting phosphate-quartzite melt, while in a thin layer, with overheated steam to form fluorine compounds; (d) removing the fluorine compounds; (e) feeding to the surface of the remaining defluorinated melt a three-component charge consisting essentially of a mixture of heat-treated lump phosphate and quartzite having a grading of about from 10-50 mm., together with a reducing agent having a grading of about from 5-25 mm.

Abstract: Lithium hexafluoroarsenate containing impurities, such as LiAsF.sub.5 OH HF, is purified by passing a solution of the impure product in an organic solvent, such as methyl formate, through a column of activated alumina which selectively adsorbs and removes such impurities.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing taeniolite having the formula, LiMg.sub.2 Li(X.sub.4 O.sub.10)F.sub.2 (wherein X represents Si or Ge), which comprises mixing (a) lithium compound selected from the group of lithium oxide and lithium fluoride, (b) magnesium compound selected from the group of magnesium fluoride and magnesium oxide and (c) silicon oxide (or germanium oxide) in such a manner that the mixing ratio of Li : Mg : Si : (or Ge) : F becomes 1 : 1 : 2 : 1 (the fluoride is included in an excess amount of 10 - 30% to compensate the loss of fluorine during the process); melting the mixture at about 1,250.degree. C-1,450.degree. C and slowly cooling until the melt crystallizes.

Abstract: Potassium tantalum fluoride substantially free from compounds of silicon and niobium is prepared from a crude tantalum-niobium salt solution by use of aqueous hydrofluoric acid having a dissolved content of a silicon compound by mixing the salt solution with a water-insoluble organic solvent for said salts; extracting the organic phase with aqueous medium; mixing the organic phase with silicon-contaminated aqueous hydrofluoric acid; mixing the organic phase with a hot silicon-free solution of an ionizable potassium compound, and separating and cooling the aqueous phase thereby precipitating potassium tantalum fluoride. The phases are separated between steps.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an airtight-sealed system comprising one or more molten alkalifluorides in the operating condition.The corrosive action of oxygen present in the melt is prevented by adding metallic aluminium and/or zinc to the melt.