Abstract: A process to produce mixed metal oxides and metal oxide compounds. The process includes evaporating a feed solution that contains at least two metal salts to form an intermediate. The evaporation is conducted at a temperature above the boiling point of the feed solution but below the temperature where there is significant crystal growth or below the calcination temperature of the intermediate. The intermediate is calcined, optionally in the presence of an oxidizing agent, to form the desired oxides. The calcined material can be milled and dispersed to yield individual particles of controllable size and narrow size distribution.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal oxides, metal oxyhalides and metal oxysulfides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In one method, used to form oxyhalides and oxysulfides, metal salts are dissolved in water, and then precipitated out as fine particles using an aqueous base. After the particles are separated from the solution, they are annealed under a flow of a water saturated hydrogen anion gas, such as HCl or H2S, to form the crystalline scintillator particles. The other methods take advantage of the characteristics of microemulsion solutions to control droplet size, and, thus, the particle size of the final nano-particles. For example, in one method, a first micro-emulsion containing metal salts if formed. The first micro-emulsion is mixed with an aqueous base in a second micro-emulsion to form the final nano-scale particles.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising tungsten, methods of manufacturing nanoparticles comprising tungsten, and applications of nanoparticles comprising tungsten, such as electronics, optical devices, photonics, reagents for fine chemical synthesis, pigments, and catalysts are provided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the continuous preparation of ammonium paratungstate hydrate by back reextraction of a tungsten-laden organic phase with an ammonia-containing aqueous solution in a mixer-settler apparatus. The reextraction is carried out at an NH3:W molar ratio of from 0.83 to 1.30, and a volume feed ratio of the tungsten-laden organic phase to the ammonia-containing aqueous solution of from 5 to 25. The above crystalline is in high purity and in high yield. The production method can be carried out in a simple and energy-efficient manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxidic catalyst containing cesium and tungsten for the synthesis of alkyl mercaptans from alkanols and hydrogen sulfide, and to a process for the production of this catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of cesium to tungsten is <2:1.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonium metatungstate from ammonium paratungstate includes preparing an ammonium paratungstate mixture including solid ammonium paratungstate and water. The mixture is contacted with a cation exchange material to lower a pH of the mixture to a pH range wherein metatungstate ion is stable and an insoluble tungstic acid is not formed. The pH of the mixture may be maintained in the pH range until the ammonium paratungstate mixture is converted into an ammonium metatungstate solution.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the production of ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate by thermal treatment of ammonium paratungstate decahydrate in an aqueous suspension. The ammonium paratungstate tetrahydrate can be produced with high purity and high yield. The production method may furthermore be carried out in a simple and energy-efficient manner.

Abstract: A ceramic body, a ceramic catalyst body, a ceramic catalyst body and related manufacturing methods are disclosed wherein a cordierite porous base material has a surface, formed with acicular particles made of a component different from that of cordierite porous base material, which has an increased specific surface area with high resistance to a sintering effect. The ceramic body is manufactured by preparing a slurry containing an acicular particle source material, preparing a porous base material, applying the slurry onto a surface of the porous base material and firing the porous base material, whose surface is coated with the slurry, to cause acicular particles to develop on the surface of the porous base material. A part of or a whole of surfaces of the acicular particles is coated with a constituent element different from that of the acicular particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxidic catalyst containing cesium and tungsten for the synthesis of alkyl mercaptans from alkanols and hydrogen sulfide, and to a process for the production of this catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of cesium to tungsten is <2:1.

Abstract: A filter material for generating oxygen and/or hydrogen gas from water having a porous boron doped carbon film with diRuthenium/diRuthenium molecules and at least one fluorine ion in direct contact with the porous boron doped carbon film which further comprising a synthetic film made from a nanocarbon tubular mesh network attached with zeolite crystalline and a siderophore plate for capturing dislodged free Ruthenium ion from the porous boron doped carbon film.

Abstract: The present invention includes pure single-crystalline metal oxide and metal fluoride nanostructures, and methods of making same. These nanostructures include nanorods and nanoarrays.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light-responsive photocatalyst composition, which is a composite oxide semiconductor containing tungsten, and which can efficiently absorb visible light emitted from the sun and light emitted from interior lamps, such as fluorescent lamps, etc., and a method of preparing the light-responsive photocatalyst composition. The visible light-responsive photocatalyst composition can decompose volatile organic compounds or harmful organic matter causing sick house syndrome, even indoors, because it can be activated by visible light outdoors and can respond to light emitted from interior lamps, such as fluorescent lamps, etc.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of an oxygen-containing compound, comprising palladium, tungsten and zirconium, a production process thereof, and a production process of an oxygen-containing compound using the catalyst. The catalyst can provide an oxygen-containing compound from a lower olefin and oxygen with high productivity and high selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+ [My(H2O)(p.y)X2W22O74(OH)2]m? or solvates or mixtures thereof, wherein A represents a cation, n is the number of the cations, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M represents a transition metal selected from Pd, Pt and mixtures thereof, y is 1, 2, 3 or 4, p is the number of water molecules bound to one M and varies from 3 to 5, and X represents a heteroatom selected from SbIII, BiIII, AsIII, SeIV and TeIV, a process for their preparation and their use for the catalytic oxidation of organic molecules.

Abstract: Crystalline scintillator materials comprising nano-scale particles of metal oxides, metal oxyhalides and metal oxysulfides are provided. The nano-scale particles are less than 100 nm in size. Methods are provided for preparing the particles. In one method, used to form oxyhalides and oxysulfides, metal salts are dissolved in water, and then precipitated out as fine particles using an aqueous base. After the particles are separated from the solution, they are annealed under a flow of a water saturated hydrogen anion gas, such as HCl or H2S, to form the crystalline scintillator particles. The other methods take advantage of the characteristics of microemulsion solutions to control droplet size, and, thus, the particle size of the final nano-particles. For example, in one method, a first micro-emulsion containing metal salts if formed. The first micro-emulsion is mixed with an aqueous base in a second micro-emulsion to form the final nano-scale particles.

Abstract: The product of a molten alkali metal metalate phase separation can be processed into a purified metal from a metal source. Metal sources include native ores, recycled metal, metal alloys, impure metal stock, recycle materials, etc. The method uses a molten alkali metal metalate as a process medium or solvent in purifying or extracting high value metal or metal oxides from metal sources. Vitrification methods using the silicate glass separation phase can be prepared as is or can be prepared with a particulate phase distributed throughout the silica glass phase and encapsulated and fixed within the continuous glass phase. Tungsten metal can be obtained from an alkali metal tungstate. A typically finely divided tungsten metal powder can be obtained from a variety of tungsten sources including recycled tungsten scrap, tungsten carbide scrap, low grade tungsten ore typically comprising tungsten oxide or other form of tungsten in a variety of oxidation states.

Abstract: The invention relates to supported polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+ [M4(H2O)10(XW9O33)2]m? or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation, n is the number of cations, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, M is a transition metal, and X is an element selected from the group consisting of As, Sb, Bi, Se and Te, characterized in that the polyoxometalate is supported on a solid support selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, mesoporous silica, active carbon, diatomite, clays, zeolites, polyoxometalate salts and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that the polyoxometalate salt supports are different from the supported polyoxometalates defined by the above formula, a process for their preparation and their use for the catalytic oxidation of organic molecules.

Abstract: A device for conducting protons at a temperature below 550° C. includes a LAMOX ceramic body characterized by an alpha crystalline structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering Group VIB metals from a catalyst, in particular a spent bulk catalyst, comprising one or more Group VIB metals and one or more Group VIII metals. Further, the invention relates to a solid Group VIB metal compound obtainable by the process according to the invention having the general formula H2XO4, wherein X=W1-yMoy, wherein y is between 0 and 1 and to its use in a process for the manufacture of a fresh catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of producing a safe and hygienic method for industrially and efficiently producing a perovskite-type composite oxide are provided that can maintain the catalytic activity of a noble metal at a high level. Methods include preparing a precursor of the perovskite-type composite oxide by mixing organometal salts of elementary components of the perovskite-type composite oxide and heat treating the precursor. The precursor may be prepared by mixing all elementary components constituting the perovskite-type composite oxide, or by mixing one or more organometal salts of part of the elementary components with the other elementary components prepared as alkoxides, a coprecipitate of salts, or a citrate complex of the respective elements.

Abstract: An anode in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) operating in a temperature range between 500 and 1200 degrees Celsius is provided. The anode material has high catalytic activity and selectivity for carbon oxidation, sufficient oxygen non-stoichiometry, rapid oxygen chemical diffusion, wide thermodynamic stability window to withstand reducing environment, sufficient electronic conductivity and tolerance to sulfur and CO2 environments. The anode has doped ruthenate compositions A1?xA?xRuO3, AB1?yRuyO3, or A1?xA?xB1?yRuyO3. A and A? may be divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation, and B is a multivalent cation. A is among lanthanide series elements La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er or Yb, and dopant A? is from Group IIA, IIIB, or IVB elements. The doped ruthenates can also be a (AB1?yRuyO3) structure or an ordered Ruddlesden-Popper series ((A1?xAx?)n+1(B1?yRuy)nO3n+1) structure where n=1 or 2. The dopant B is among Group IVB, VB, VIB, VIII, IB, and IIB elements.

Abstract: Method for producing metal oxide nanoparticles. The method includes generating an aerosol of solid metallic microparticles, generating plasma with a plasma hot zone at a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize the microparticles into metal vapor, and directing the aerosol into the hot zone of the plasma. The microparticles vaporize in the hot zone into metal vapor. The metal vapor is directed away from the hot zone and into the cooler plasma afterglow where it oxidizes, cools and condenses to form solid metal oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (An)m+[R2(H2O)6X2W20O70]m? or solvates thereof, wherein A represents a cation, n is the number of the cations, m is the charge of the polyoxoanion, and X represents a heteroatom selected from SbIII, BiIII, AsIII, SeIV and TeIV, a process for their preparation and their use for the catalytic oxidation of organic molecules.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a relaxor material lead iron tungstate which has been synthesized in doped and undoped conditions by single and two step heat treatment. The relaxor material is seen to exhibit almost negligible hysteresis and a transducer made thereby shows pressure measurement capability over a wide range from 0.5 MPa to 415 MPa with accuracy of ±0.05%.

Abstract: Novel organoammonium compounds are provided, which are useful as additives for improving the antiwear and friction-reducing properties of lubricating compositions. The compound is formed by reacting a metal acid hydrate with one or more alkyl amines. Particular examples are the preparation of ditridecylammonium tungstate, di-n-octylammonium tungstate and ditridecylammonium molybdate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst containing alkali tungstate for the synthesis of alkylmercaptanes from alkanols and hydrogen sulphide, in addition to a method for the production of said catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of alkali to tungstan is<2:1.

Abstract: A ceramic powder having a perovskite structure is manufactured by synthesizing a ceramic powder by a dry synthesis process and then heat-treating the synthesized ceramic powder in a solution. The dry synthesis method includes a solid phase synthesis method, an oxalate method, a citric acid method and a gas phase synthesis method.

Abstract: Improved solid acid electrolyte materials, methods of synthesizing such materials, and electrochemical devices incorporating such materials are provided. The stable electrolyte material comprises a solid acid in a eulytine structure capable of undergoing rotational disorder of oxyanion groups and capable of extended operation at elevated temperatures, that is, solid acids having hydrogen bonded anion groups; a superprotonic disordered phase; and capable of operating at temperatures of ˜100° C. and higher.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising titanium, such as nanoscale doped titanium metal compounds, inorganic titanium compounds, and organic titanium compounds, their methods of manufacture, and methods of preparation of products from nanoparticles comprising titanium are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is the method for preparation of transition metal oxide having micro-mesoporous structure whose average fine pores size is not less than 1 nm and not more than 2 nm comprising, adding and dissolving transition metal salt which is a precursor of transition metal oxide and/or metal alkoxide in the solution prepared by dissolving polymer surfactant in organic solvent, hydrolyzing said transition metal salt and/or metal alkoxide and preparing sol solution which is polymerized and self organized, then obtaining gel whose organization is stabilized from said sol solution and removing said polymer surfactant by using water of room temperature or water to which alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion is added.

Abstract: Mesoporous aluminum oxides with high surface areas have been synthesized using inexpensive, small organic templating agents instead of surfactants. Optionally, some of the aluminum can be framework-substituted by one or more other elements. The material has high thermal stability and possesses a three-dimensionally randomly connected mesopore network with continuously tunable pore sizes. This material can be used as catalysts for dehydration, hydrotreating, hydrogenation, catalytic reforming, steam reforming, amination, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and Diels-Alder synthesis, etc.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a di-ruthenium-substituted polyoxometalate, especially Na14[Ru2Zn2(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2] with a Ru—Ru distance of 0.318 nm and a method of using the electrocatalyst to generate oxygen.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a highly-crystallized double oxide powder composed of a single crystal phase which can be used as a phosphor material, a dielectric material, a magnetic material, etc. The method involves forming fine droplets of a raw material solution containing a raw material compound that includes at least one metal element and/or at least one semi-metal element that constitutes a double oxide, and heating these droplets at a high temperature, wherein the raw material solution is a solution which exhibits only one main peak attributable to the decomposition reaction of the raw material compound or a reaction intermediate thereof in a DTA profile when the solution is dried and solidified and subjected to TG-DTA measurement.

Abstract: A metallized mesoporous silicate which is obtained by (i) reacting (a) either a metal peroxide obtained by the reaction of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with at least one metal or metal compound selected from the group consisting of the following 1) to 4) 1) tungsten 2) molybdenum 3) vanadium 4) compounds comprising 4a) any of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium and 4b) at least one element selected from Groups 13 to 16 (excluding oxygen) or a solution of the metal peroxide with (b) a silicon compound in the presence of an alkylamine or a quaternary ammonium salt and separating the resultant silicate; and a process for producing the metallized mesoporous silicate. Also provided is a method of organic synthesis with the silicate.

Abstract: A material having a negative or low thermal expansion coefficient and composed substantially of a single crystal system is provided. The material is an oxide represented by the chemical formula ((R4+M2+)1-xA3+2x)(QO4)3 (where R stands for at least one tetravalent metal element selected from Zr and Hf; M stands for at least one divalent metal element selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra; Q stands for at least one hexavalent metal element selected from W and Mo; and A stands for at least one trivalent metal element selected from Al, Sc, Y, Lu, Ga, and In; 0<x<1) and composed substantially of a single crystal system.

Abstract: It is a principal object of the present invention to provide low thermal expansion materials able to answer to the needs of various uses. The present invention relates to low thermal expansion materials constituted substantially from a crystalline body represented by a compositional formula RM(QO4)3, wherein R represents at least one selected from Zr and Hf, M represents at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra, and Q represents at least one selected from W and Mo.

Abstract: A process to produce mixed metal oxides and metal oxide compounds. The process includes evaporating a feed solution that contains at least two metal salts to form an intermediate. The evaporation is conducted at a temperature above the boiling point of the feed solution but below the temperature where there is significant crystal growth or below the calcination temperature of the intermediate. The intermediate is calcined, optionally in the presence of an oxidizing agent, to form the desired oxides. The calcined material can be milled and dispersed to yield individual particles of controllable size and narrow size distribution.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8) ceramic body, comprising a reactive sintering step to react and sinter powders of the raw materials comprising a Zr-containing compound and a W-containing compound to form a zirconium tungstate ceramic body. The addition of zirconium tungstate powders as the seeds in the process can effectively reduce the steps, shorten the preparation time, lower the sintering temperature and duration, save the cost, and provide the zirconium tungstate ceramic body with uniform microstructure. Also, a process for the preparation of modified zirconium tungstate ceramic body is disclosed, by forming a second phase in the zirconium tungstate ceramic body to tune the thermal expansion coefficient of the zirconium tungstate ceramic body. The present invention also relates to the use of the modified zirconium tungstate ceramic body to provide a temperature compensated fiber bragg grating (FBG) device.

Abstract: Polyoxometalate compounds which exhibit anti-retroviral activity are disclosed. Compounds with anti-retroviral activity include those having the following general molecular formulas: M7PW11O39 M8SiW11O39 M9HSiW9O34 M8HPW9O34 M10(TM)4(PW9O34)2 M16(TM)4(P2W15O56)2 M14[NaP5W30O110] M12(TM)3(PW9O34)2 M6P2W18O62 wherein M is an alkali metal, NH4+ or other common monocation or soluble dication, or any combination of the above provided adequate water solubility is exhibited, or histidinium ion, argininium ion, or lysinium ion or any dication of a dipeptide or oligopeptide with 2 protonated basic amino acid residues, or any combination of these monocations or dications with each other or with any common inorganic cation, and TM is a divalent transition metal ion, such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn.

Abstract: Using as a negative thermal expansion material a double oxide containing at least partly a compound represented by the chemical formula: RQ,O, (wherein R is Zr, Hf or a tetravalent metallic element represented by a mixture system of these, and Q is a hexavalent metallic element selected from W and Mo), and using as a positive thermal expansion material a material containing at least partly a compound represented by the chemical formula: MQX, (wherein M is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra or a divalent metallic element represented by a mixture system of any of these, Q is a hexavalent metallic element selected from W and Mo, and X is an element selected from O and S), these are mixed preferably in a weight ratio of 1:1 and are synthesized to obtain a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion is substantially zero over a wide temperature range, i.e., a zero thermal expansion material. Using this zero thermal expansion material, high-precision and high-performance practical component parts can be obtained.

Abstract: A perovskite feedstock (powder or preform) is placed in a high-pressure cell of a high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) apparatus and subjected to pressures in excess of about 2 kbar and temperatures above about 800° C. for a time adequate to increase the density of the preform.

Abstract: Li2Mn4O8+z, with z greater than zero and less than one, is prepared from LiMnO4 and an appropriate complimentary compound, such as MnOOH, MnO2 or MnCO3 precursors. The Li2Mn4O8+z is useful in highly oxidized lithium manganospinels.

Abstract: Metal oxides having a perovskite or perovskite-like crystal structure are prepared by a process comprising subjecting a mixture of starring powders to a high energy milling sufficient to induce chemical reaction of the components and thereby directly mechanosynthesize said metal oxide in the form of a perovskite or a perovskite-like material having a nanocrystalline structure as determined by X-ray diffractometry. The process according to the present invention is simple, efficient, not expensive and does not require any heating step for producing a perovskite that may easily show a very high specific surface area. Another advantage is that the perovskite obtained according to the present invention also has a high density of lattice defects thereby showing a higher catalytic activity, a characteristic which is highly desirable in their eventual application as catalysts and electronic conductors.

Abstract: A process of preparing an inorganic compound is disclosed, comprising the steps of (a) allowing at least an inorganic raw material compounds (A) and an inorganic raw material compound (B) which are different in solubility in water to react with each other in the presence of a reaction solvent with stirring to deposit an inorganic compound (C), while allowing a part of each of the compound (A) and compound (B) to exist as a solid; and

Abstract: A positive active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which has a higher capacity and improved thermal stability in a charged state and is less expensive compared to the current active material of LiCoO2 is provided by a lithium compound oxide having the formula: