Abstract: The present invention refers to a nanomaterial synthesis process from the decomposition and subsequent reaction among common and economical insoluble precursors, or precursors which hydrolyze in contact with water, which are incorporated in the internal phase of an emulsion. These insoluble precursors are introduced in the internal phase of an emulsion, then being subject to decomposition and subsequent reaction in the solid state, under shockwave effect during the detonation of the emulsion, the nanomaterial with the intended structure being in the end obtained. The process of the present invention therefore allows obtaining a wide range of nanomaterial as composites or binary, ternary structures or higher structures, with small-sized homogenous primary particles, applicable to several technological fields.

Abstract: An oxide represented by Formula 1: A2M1?xCxD2O7+???Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, x is in the range of 0.4?x?1.0; ? is selected such that the oxide electrically neutral; A is at least one metal selected from an alkaline earth metal; M is an alkaline earth metal that differs from A; C is a transition metal; and D is at least one selected from germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, in particular, including a lithium transition metal oxide with a layered crystalline structure in which the transition metal includes a transition metal mixture of Ni, Mn and Co, and an average oxidation number of all transition metals other than lithium is more than +3, and specific conditions represented by the following formulae (1) and (2), 1.1<m(Ni)/m(Mn)<1.5 and 0.4<m(Ni2+)/m(Mn4+)<1, are satisfied. The inventive cathode active material has a more uniform and stable layered structure by controlling the oxidation number of transition metals contained in a transition metal oxide layer to form the layered structure, compared to conventional substances. Accordingly, the active material exhibits improved overall electrochemical characteristics including battery capacity and, in particular, excellent high rate charge-discharge features.

Abstract: A production process according to the present invention is a novel production process for composite oxide, production process whose a major product is a lithium-manganese-based oxide that includes at least the following: a lithium (Li) element; and a tetravalent manganese (Mn) element, and lithium-manganese-based oxide whose crystal structure belongs to a layered rock-salt structure; said composite oxide is obtained via the following: a molten reaction step of reacting at least the following one another: a metal-containing raw material; and a molten-salt raw material at a melting point of the molten-salt raw material or more, the metal-containing raw material including one or more kinds of metallic elements in which Mn is essential, the molten-salt raw material including lithium hydroxide but not including any other compound virtually, and the molten-salt raw material including Li in an amount that exceeds a theoretical composition of Li being included in said composite oxide to be targeted; and a recovery

Abstract: Catalytic structures are provided comprising octahedral tunnel lattice manganese oxides ion-exchanged with metal cations or mixtures thereof. The structures are useful as catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes and may be prepared by treating layered manganese oxide under highly acidic conditions, optionally drying the treated product, and subjecting it to ion exchange.

Abstract: Provided is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide (LMO) used as a positive electrode active material for lithium battery, said LMO being capable of simultaneously achieving all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics. The disclosed is spinel-type lithium transition metal oxide including, besides Li and Mn, one or more elements selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ti, Ni, Co, and Fe, and having crystallite size of between 200 nm and 1000 nm and strain of 0.0900 or less. Because the crystallite size is markedly large, oxygen deficiency is markedly little, and the structure is strong, when the LMO is used as a positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, all output characteristics (rate characteristics), high temperature cycle life characteristics, and rapid charging characteristics can be achieved simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing lithium manganate having a high output and an excellent high-temperature stability. The above aim can be achieved by lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of not less than 1 ?m and an average particle diameter (D50) of kinetic particles of not less than 1 ?m and not more than 10 ?m, which are substantially in the form of single crystal particles and have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2?x?yYyO4 in which Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg and Co; x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, wherein the Y element is uniformly dispersed within the respective particles, and an intensity ratio of I(400)/I(111) thereof is not less than 33% and an intensity ratio of I(440)/I(111) thereof is not less than 16%.

Abstract: Methods are described that have the capability of producing submicron/nanoscale particles, in some embodiments dispersible, at high production rates. In some embodiments, the methods result in the production of particles with an average diameter less than about 75 nanometers that are produced at a rate of at least about 35 grams per hour. In other embodiments, the particles are highly uniform. These methods can be used to form particle collections and/or powder coatings. Powder coatings and corresponding methods are described based on the deposition of highly uniform submicron/nanoscale particles.

Abstract: Hopcalite-type catalysts for oxidation of CO are formed by preparing a mixed-metal oxide precursor by firstly preparing a solution of a mixture of metal precursor compounds in a solvent, followed by contacting the solution with a supercritical antisolvent to precipitate the mixed-metal oxide precursor. A mixed-metal oxide may then be prepared from the precursor by oxidation, for example by calcination. The mixed-metal oxide is then collected and optionally activated for use as a catalyst. The activated or calcined catalyst contains a nano-structured mixed-phase composition comprising phase-separated intimately mixed nanoparticles of copper and manganese oxide.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for producing materials having the formula Li[Ni0.5Mn1.5]O4-? wherein ??O, the materials obtainable by such method, and cathodes and batteries comprising such materials.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermoelectric conversion material composed of a metal A having an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, a transition metal M, and oxygen O, and represented by AxMyOz, where x, y, and z are valences of the respective elements, includes the steps of: using a massive metal oxide as the thermoelectric conversion material and a salt in a solid, liquid or gaseous state; causing a diffusion reaction between the oxide and the salt; and forming the thermoelectric conversion material having aligned crystal orientation. A production apparatus includes a reactor into which the oxide and the salt are introduced, and a heating means for heating the oxide and the salt within the reactor to promote the diffusion reaction. Thereby, the thermoelectric conversion material having efficiency is produced more simply and at lower cost than a production of the single crystal.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a recording layer capable of recording information signals on the basis of application of light, wherein the recording layer contains an oxide of metal X and an oxide of metal Y, the metal X is at least one type selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, and the metal Y is at least one type selected from the group consisting of copper, manganese, nickel, and silver.

Abstract: A pyrochlore-type oxide represented by a general formula A2B2O7-Z is prepared by precipitate formation, where A and B each represent a metal element, where Z represents a number of at least 0 and at most 1, where A contains at least one element selected from a group consisting of Pb, Sn, and Zn, and where B contains at least one element selected from a group consisting of Ru, W, Mo, Ir, Rh, Mn, Cr, and Re. Impurities are then sufficiently removed through washing and drying processes, and the pyrochlore-type oxide is calcined under controlled conditions. This allows the crystallinity of the pyrochlore-type oxide, which contained amorphous parts immediately after the production of the precipitate, to be increased so that the resistance to acid can be improved while preventing particle aggregation.

Abstract: A method for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide represented by General Formula (1): LixMyMe1?yO2+???(1) where M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn, Me represents a metal element that is different from M, 0.95?x?1.10 and 0.1?y?1. A lithium compound and a compound that contains M and Me are baked. The thus-obtained baked product is washed with a washing solution that contains one or more water-soluble polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N?-dimethylimidazolidinone (DMI) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).

Abstract: Provided is a transition metal precursor comprising a composite transition metal compound represented by Formula I, as a transition metal precursor used in the preparation of a lithium-transition metal composite oxide: M(OH1?x)2??(1) wherein M is two or more selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr and transition metals of period 2 in the Periodic Table of the Elements; and 0<x<0.5.

Abstract: A thermistor based on a composition having the general formula (I): Re2-x-yCraMnbMcEyOz wherein Re is a rare earth metal or a mixture of two or more rare earth metals, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, magnesium and mixtures thereof, E is a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, barium and mixtures thereof, x is the sum of a+b+c and is a number between 0.1 and 1, and the relative ratio of the molar fractions a, b and c is in an area bounded by points A, B, C and D in a ternary diagram, wherein point A is, if y<0.006, at (Cr=0.00, Mn=0.93+10?y, M=0.07?10?y), and, if y?0.006, at (Cr=0?00, Mn=0.99, M=0.01), point B is, if y<0.006, at (Cr=0.83, Mn=0.10+10?y, M=0.07?10?y), and, if y?0.006, at (Cr=0.83, Mn=0.16, M=0.01), point C is at (Cr=0.50, Mn=0.10, M=0.40) and point D is at (Cr=0.00, Mn=0.51, M=0.49), y is a number between 0 and 0.5?x, and z is a number between 2.5 and 3.5.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A chemochromic indicator is provided that includes a hypergolic fuel sensing chemochromic pigment that change from a first color to a second color in the presence of a hypergolic fuel. In a first embodiment, a chemochromic indicator is provided for detecting the presence of a hypergolic fuel such that the irreversible hypergolic fuel sensing chemochromic pigment includes potassium tetrachloroaurate (KAuCl4). There are several types of chemochromic indicators, for example, the article used to form the chemochromic indicators include, but are not limited to, wipe materials, silicone/TEFLON tape, manufactured parts, fabrics, extruded parts, and paints.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material comprising a lithium-containing composite oxide containing nickel with an oxidation state of 2.0 to 2.5 and manganese with an oxidation state of 3.5 to 4.0, the oxidation state determined by the shifts of energy at which absorption maximum is observed in the X-ray absorption near-K-edge structures, and to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same, the positive electrode active material being characterized in having a high capacity, a long storage life and excellent cycle life.

Abstract: To provide a carrier for two-component electrophotographic developer not only having excellent fluidity but also having proper surface irregularities necessary for imparting electric charge, without generating cracks/chipping of particles even under an influence of stirring stress over a long period of time. A particle surface has raised parts of striped pattern extending almost continuously in a plurality of directions while being superposed on one another, with a surface formed with raised parts of striped pattern occupying 80% or more of the whole surface of a particle. Depths of grooves between the adjacent raised parts are 0.05 ?m or more and 0.2 ?m or less, average surface roughness Ra is 0.1 ?m or more and 0.3 ?m or less, roundness is 0.90 or more, and average particle size is 15 ?m or more and 100 ?m or less, and a carrier core material thus constituted is coated with resin. Thus, the carrier for two-component electrophotographic developer is prepared.

Abstract: A method of producing lithium metal oxides can include mixing lithium salt and a metal oxide to form a composition, heating the composition in a first reactor, transferring the composition to a second reactor, and passing the composition through the second reactor to anneal the composition to form lithium metal oxides. The second reactor can be a fluidized bed reactor. The lithium metal oxide can have an average crystal size of between about 5 microns and about 20 microns.

Abstract: A composite oxide is produced via the following: a raw-material mixture preparation step of preparing a raw-material mixture by mixing a metallic-compound raw material and a molten-salt raw material with each other, the metallic-compound raw material at least including one or more kinds of Mn-containing metallic compounds being selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides and metallic salts that include one or more kinds of metallic elements in which Mn is essential, the molten-salt raw material including lithium hydroxide and lithium nitrate, and exhibiting a proportion of the lithium hydroxide with respect to the lithium nitrate (i.e., (Lithium Hydroxide)/(Lithium Nitrate)) that falls in a range of from 0.05 or more to less than 1 by molar ratio; a molten reaction step of reacting said raw-material mixture at from 300° C. or more to 550° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a pyrochlore type oxide having a larger specific surface area, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a fuel cell system improved in power generation efficiency and capable of being produced more inexpensively, and a method for producing an electro catalyst for a fuel cell, which electro catalyst has a larger specific surface area, is relatively inexpensive, and has high electrode activity per unit mass. A method for preparing a pyrochlore type oxide represented by A2B2O7-Z wherein A and B represent a metal element, Z represents a number of 0 or more and 1 or less, A includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb, Sn, and Zn, and B includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Ru, W, Mo, Ir, Rh, Mn, Cr, and Re, wherein the pyrochlore type oxide is produced by a reaction of a halide or nitrate of A with an alkali salt of a metal acid of B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to lithium manganate particles having a primary particle diameter of 1 to 8 ?m and forming substantially single-phase particles, which have a composition represented by the following chemical formula: Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4+Y2 in which Y1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mg, Fe, Al, Cr and Ti; Y2 is P and is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.6 mol % based on Mn; and x and y satisfy 0.03?x?0.15 and 0.05?y?0.20, respectively, and which lithium manganate particles have a specific surface area of the lithium manganate particles of 0.3 to 0.9 m2/g (as measured by BET method); and have an average particle diameter (D50) of the lithium manganate particles of 3 to 10 ?m. A positive electrode active substance of a lithium ion secondary battery using the lithium manganate particles of the present invention has a high output and is excellent in high-temperature stability.

Abstract: A crystalline nanowire and method of making a crystalline nanowire are disclosed. The method includes dissolving a first nitrate salt and a second nitrate salt in an acrylic acid aqueous solution. An initiator is added to the solution, which is then heated to form polyacrylatyes. The polyacrylates are dried and calcined. The nanowires show high reversible capacity, enhanced cycleability, and promising rate capability for a battery or capacitor.

Abstract: Provided are a manganese oxide nanowire, specifically, a manganese oxide nanowire having an aspect ratio of 20 or more, which can be widely used in various fields, including batteries, oxygen generators, and redox catalysts, a rechargeable battery including the manganese oxide nanowire, and a method of producing manganese oxide. Since the manganese oxide nanowire having a large aspect ratio has an increased specific surface area, it can be effectively used in various fields. In addition, various kinds of manganese oxide nanowires can be simply manufactured.

Abstract: Provided are a method of easily controlling the aspect ratio of a nano-structure, which can be effectively used in various fields of application, including a positive active material for a rechargeable battery, an electrode material for a storage battery, a redox catalyst, a molecule support, and so on, and by which various nano-structures of desired sizes can be easily produced according to the necessity. The method includes preparing a mixed solution including a manganese salt and an oxidant, adding a pH controlling additive to the mixed solution and controlling a pH level of the mixed solution using the following equation, and heating the pH-controlled mixed solution at a temperature in a range of 50? to 200? for 1 hour to 10 days to cause a reaction to take place: Specific surface area (m2/g)=0.2 pH2+2.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of the present invention includes (a) a material preparation step of preparing a material containing lithium, manganese, and bismuth, and (b) a firing step of firing the material prepared by the material preparation step at a temperature of 830° C. to 1,000° C. In the material preparation step, the material is prepared such that the residual amount of bismuth in spinel-type lithium manganate yielded by the firing step is 0.01 mol % or less with respect to manganese.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cathode active material of lithium battery is shown. The method includes providing MnOOH and lithium source material, and mixing the MnOOH and the lithium source material in a liquid solvent to achieve a mixture. Then, the mixture is dried to remove the liquid solvent, thereby achieving a precursor. A temperature of the precursor is elevated from room temperature to a sintering temperature of about 500° C. to about 900° C. at a uniform rate, and the precursor is sintered at the sintering temperature for about 3 hours to about 24 hours.

Abstract: A process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode active material for use in a lithium secondary battery, the oxide having the formula LipQqNxMyOzFa (wherein Q is at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum, N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Q and N, 0.9?p?1.1, 0?q<0.03, 0.97?x?1.00, 0?y<0.03, 1.9?z?2.1, q+x+y=1 and 0?a?0.02), which comprises firing a mixture of a lithium, Q element source and N element sources, and an M element source and/or fluorine source when these elements are present, in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, wherein the Q element source is a Q element compound aqueous solution having a pH of from 0.5 to 11.

Abstract: A method for sintering lithium contained electrode material includes: depositing a mixture of a particle like lithium compound and a substance M in a metal container, where M is a chemical element selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), phosphor (P), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), and carbon (C), or an oxide or compound thereof; subjecting the mixture deposited in the metal container to heat treatment by heating the metal container in two phases of which temperature ranges for heating are respectively 300-700° C. and 500-900° C.; and grinding the heat-treated mixture to obtain a powder like lithium contained electrode material. According to the method of the present invention, in the process of sintering and synthesis, it is not necessary to supply an external (or a great amount of) protective gas, so that substantial reduction of processing cost and time is realized.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material which is lithium transition metal oxide having an ?-NaFeO2 layered crystal structure, wherein the transition metal is a blend of Ni and Mn, an average oxidation number of the transition metals except lithium is +3 or higher, and lithium transition metal oxide satisfies the Equation m(Ni)?m(Mn) (in which m (Ni) and m (Mn) represent an molar number of manganese and nickel, respectively). The lithium transition metal oxide has a uniform and stable layered structure through control of oxidation number of transition metals to a level higher than +3, thus advantageously exerting improved overall electrochemical properties including electric capacity, in particular, superior high-rate charge/discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A method for producing a secondary cell according to the present invention includes step (A) of putting a solution having an electrochemically reversibly oxidizable/reducible organic compound and a supporting electrolyte dissolved therein into contact with a positive electrode active material, thereby oxidizing or reducing the positive electrode active material; and step (B) of accommodating the oxidized positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material in a case in the state of facing each other with a separator being placed therebetween, and filling the case with an electrolyte solution. By oxidizing or reducing the positive electrode active material, lithium ions or anions as the support electrode are incorporated into the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A process comprises (a) combining (1) at least one base and (2) at least one metal carboxylate salt comprising (i) a metal cation selected from metal cations that form amphoteric metal oxides or oxyhydroxides and (ii) a carboxylate anion comprising from one to four alkyleneoxy moieties, or metal carboxylate salt precursors comprising (i) at least one metal salt comprising the metal cation and a non-interfering anion and (ii) at least one carboxylic acid comprising from one to four alkyleneoxy moieties, at least one salt of the carboxylic acid and a non-interfering, non-metal cation, or a mixture thereof; and (b) allowing the base and the metal carboxylate salt or metal carboxylate salt precursors to react.

Abstract: Methods of making unique water treatment compositions are provided. In one embodiment, a method of making a doped metal oxide or hydroxide for treating water comprises: disposing a metal precursor solution and a dopant precursor solution in a reaction vessel comprising water to form a slurry; and precipitating the doped metal oxide or hydroxide from the slurry.

Abstract: A ZnO varistor powder can be obtained with high operating voltage and excellent current-voltage nonlinear resistance characteristics. In the ZnO varistor powder, the main ingredient is zinc oxide (ZnO); and at least bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), nickel (Ni), and aluminum (Al), calculated as Bi2O3, CO2O3, MnO, Sb2O3, NiO, and Al3+, are contained as accessory ingredients in amounts of 0.3 to 1.5 mol % Bi2O3, 0.3 to 2.0 mol % Co2O3, 0.3 to 3 mol % MnO, 0.5 to 4 mol % Sb2O3, 0.5 to 4 mol % NiO, and 0.0005 to 0.02 mol % Al3+. ZnO content is greater than or equal to 90 mol %; the bulk density is greater than or equal to 2.5 g/cc; the powder is a spherical powder in which the 50% particle diameter in the particle size distribution is 20 ?m to 120 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fabrication method for an electrode active material, and a lithium battery comprising an electrode active material fabricated therefrom. The fabrication method for an electrode active material comprises preparing an aqueous solution by dissolving a precursor that can simultaneously undergo positive ion substitution and surface-reforming processes in water; mixing and dissolving raw materials for an electrode active material with a composition ratio for a final electrode active material in the aqueous solution, thereby preparing a mixed solution; removing a solvent from the mixed solution, thereby forming a solid dry substance; thermal- processing the solid dry substance; and crushing the thermal-processed solid dry substance.

Abstract: Disclosed are lithium-containing compounds and methods of utilizing the same. The disclosed compounds may be used to deposit alkali metal-containing layers using vapor deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. In certain embodiments, the lithium-containing compounds include a ligand and at least one aliphatic group as substituents selected to have greater degrees of freedom than the usual substituent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which has a large volume capacity density and high safety, and excellent durability for charge and discharge cycles and charge and discharge rate property, and its production method. The lithium-containing composite oxide is represented by the general formula LipNxMyOzFa (where N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Co, Mn and Ni, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.965?x<2.00, 0<y?0.035, 1.9?z?4.2, and 0?a?0.

Abstract: Manganese vanadium tantalum oxide that can be represented by the formula MnxVyTazOw, where 1?x?3, 0.001?y?3, 0.001?z?2, and w=7, and alternately, x=1.25?x?2.45, 0.1?y?2.39, 0.2?z?1.9, and w=7, methods of producing MnxVyTazOw, a pigment coated with MnxVyTazOw and a chalcogenide glass layer, and a method of producing the coated pigment are described. The disclosed manganese vanadium tantalum oxide has superior near-infrared reflective properties. The disclosed methods of producing the manganese vanadium tantalum oxide provide products with superior phase purity, appearance and performance and take health and safety into consideration. The construction of the disclosed coated pigment combines the reflective properties of the substrate with the near-infrared reflective properties of MnxVyTazOw, while the chalcogenide glass layer provides aesthetic appeal. The disclosed method of producing the coated pigment involves physical vapor deposition of MnxVyTazOw and the chalcogenide glass layer.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the steps of mixing a lithium source and a tetravalent manganese source and reacting the lithium source and the manganese source at a temperature lower than 600° C. while tetravalent manganese is reduced, so as to produce a lithium manganese compound oxide, wherein the positive electrode active material is formed from the lithium manganese compound oxide where the lithium manganese compound oxide is represented by a general formula LixMnO2 (x?1) and which has a crystal structure of a space group C2/m.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium rechargeable battery, including: selecting a first metal compound from a group consisting of a halide, a phosphate, a hydrogen phosphate and a sulfate of Mg or Al; selecting a second metal compound from a group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide and a carbonate of Mg or Al; combining the first metal compound and the second metal compound to obtain a metal compound, the metal compound containing either Mg or Al atoms; mixing a lithium compound, a transition metal compound and the metal compound to obtain a mixture; and sintering the mixture.

Abstract: A lithium-manganese composite oxide for a lithium ion battery having a good cycle property at high-temperature and battery property of high capacity is provided. A spinel type lithium-manganese composite oxide for a lithium ion battery represented by a general formula: Li1+xMn2-yMyO4 (wherein M is one or more elements selected from Al, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, Cu, Ba, W and Pb, and, ?0.1?x?0.2, and 0.06?y?0.3), and when D10, D50 and D90 are defined as a particle size at which point the cumulative frequency of volume reaches 10%, 50% and 90% respectively, d10 is not less than 2 ?m and not more than 5 ?M, d50 is not less than 6 ?m and not more than 9 ?m, and d90 is not less than 12 ?m and not more than 15 ?M, and BET specific surface area thereof is greater than 1.0 m2/g and not more than 2.0 m2/g, and the tap density thereof is not less than 0.5 g/cm3 and less than 1.0 g/cm3.

Abstract: In a variable resistance element having a variable resistor between first and second electrodes and changing its electric resistance when a voltage pulse is applied between both electrodes, data holding characteristics can be improved by increasing a programming voltage and programming in a high current density. Therefore, a booster circuit for supplying a high voltage is needed when the variable resistance element is applied to a nonvolatile memory. When the smaller of the areas of the contact regions between the first electrode and variable resistor and between the second electrode and variable resistor is set to the electrode area of the variable resistance element, it is set within a specific range not larger than the predetermined electrode area. Thereby the programming current density can be increased without raising the programming voltage, and the variable resistance element having preferable data holding characteristics even at a high temperature can be provided.

Abstract: Primary and secondary Li-ion and lithium-metal based electrochemical cell systems. The suppression of gas generation is achieved through the addition of an additive or additives to the electrolyte system of respective cell, or to the cell itself whether it be a liquid, a solid- or plasticized polymer electrolyte system. The gas suppression additives are primarily based on unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for producing a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode active material for use in a lithium secondary battery, the oxide having the formula LipNxMmOzFa (wherein N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than N, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.9?x<1.00, 0<m?0.03, 1.9?z?2.2, x+m=1 and 0?a?0.02), which comprises using as an M element source a solution comprising a complex containing the M element dissolved in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The production method of the present invention includes a raw material preparation step of preparing a raw material mixture; a firing step of firing the raw material mixture prepared through the raw material preparation step; and a crushing step of crushing the fired compact obtained through the firing step, wherein the raw material mixture contains a main raw material containing at least a manganese compound, and a seed crystal having a spinel-type crystal structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery. The positive active material includes at least one compound represented by formulas 1 to 4 and a metal oxide or composite metal oxide layer formed on the compound. LixNi1?yMnyF2??(1) LixNi1?yMnyS2??(2) LixNi1-?y?2MnyMzO2?aFa??(3) LixNi1?y?zMnyMzO2?aSa??(4) (where M is selected from the group consisting of Co, Mg, Fe, Sr, Ti, B, Si, Ga, Al, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No and Lr, 0.95?x?1.1, 0<y?0.99, 0?z?0.5, and 0?a?0.5).