Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a high purity molybdenum oxychloride by including means of sublimating and reaggregating a raw material molybdenum oxychloride in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, or means of retaining a gaseous raw material molybdenum oxychloride, which was synthesized in a vapor phase, in a certain temperature range, and thereby growing crystals to obtain a higher purity molybdenum oxychloride having a high bulk density and high hygroscopicity resistance.

Abstract: A process for recovering a metal chloride or mixed metal chloride from a solid waste material comprising recoverable metal containing constituents produced by lead, copper or zinc smelting and refining processes, said process comprising the steps of: (i) heating the solid waste material; (ii) treating the heated material of step (i) with a gaseous chloride to form a gaseous metal chloride containing product; and (iii) treating the gaseous metal chloride containing product of step (ii) to recover the metal chloride or mixed metal chloride. The metal chloride may be further treated to extract the metal itself.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for removing mercury from gases such as those discharged from roasters and other heat producing systems. In embodiments the method comprises reacting the mercury with dissolved molecular chlorine, and may also comprise reacting the mercury with mercuric chloride to yield mercurous chloride. The mercurous chloride may be removed by precipitation. There are also disclosed apparatuses for implementing the method.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separation and recovery of vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, cobalt and nickel from alumina-based materials, mattes, ores, manufacturing by-products and waste. These elements are oxidized. The oxides are reacted with gaseous HCl to form volatile chloride-bearing compounds that subsequently sublimate. The volatile compounds are condensed in a downward-stepped thermal gradient that allows collection of moderate to high purity compounds of individual elements with exception of a nickel-cobalt co-condensate. Nickel is separated from cobalt by precipitation of nickel chloride from concentrated HCl pressurized with gaseous HCl.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separation and recovery of vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, cobalt and nickel from alumina-based materials, mattes, ores, manufacturing by-products and waste. These elements are oxidized. The oxides are reacted with gaseous HCl to form volatile chloride-bearing compounds that subsequently sublimate. The volatile compounds are condensed in a downward-stepped thermal gradient that allows collection of moderate to high purity compounds of individual elements with exception of a nickel-cobalt co-condensate. Nickel is separated from cobalt by precipitation of nickel chloride from concentrated HCl pressurized with gaseous HCl.

Abstract: A device for generating hydrogen gas is provided. The device (101) comprises a first hydrogen-containing composition (107) that reacts with a second composition to evolve hydrogen gas; a dispenser (105) adapted to apply the first composition to a first porous member (109); and a conduit (111) adapted to supply the second composition to the first porous member. In a preferred embodiment, the first composition is selected from the group consisting of hydrides, borohydrides and boranes, the second composition is water, and the dispenser is spring-loaded and is charged with the first composition. As the first composition reacts with water at the interface to evolve hydrogen gas, the dispenser forces the reaction product across the interface and out of the dispenser, where it will not interfere with the progress of the hydrogen evolution reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device and method of use for detecting polyvalent analytes such as antibody to the AIDS virus, utilizing an inverse sandwich method. The test device comprises a first substance having an epitope, bound to a label and capable of moving within the test device. The test device further comprises a second substance immobilized to the test device and spatially separated from the first substance. The second substance has an epitope substantially similar to the epitope of the first substance. Upon application to the test device, the polyvalent analyte binds to the first substance and moves within the test device to the location of the second substance with both polyvalent analyte and first substance are immobilized at location of the second substance. Polyvalent analyte is detected by the presence of the label at the location of the second substance. Also disclosed is a control substance for use with the device that can be used to determine completion of the test and viability of the device.

Abstract: Certain metal-exchanged SUZ-4 zeolites have been prepared that have catalytic activity for the reduction of NOx in the exhaust of a hydrocarbon or alcohol fueled engine operated under fuel lean conditions. Initially the SUZ-4 zeolite contains alkali metal cations such as Li+, Na+, K+ and/or Cs+. These alkali metal cation-containing zeolites are partially exchanged with at least one of copper (II), silver (I), iron (III) or cobalt (II) ions. The resulting partially exchanged SUZ-4 zeolites display such activity and are stable under extreme hydrothermal aging conditions.

Abstract: Formation of hexavalent chromium is reduced during incineration/combustion of materials containing hexavalent chromium by adding to the waste prior to or during combustion a small amount of sulfur. The sulfur can be added as elemental sulfur, as sulfur dioxide, or as high sulfur fuels or high sulfur waste.

Abstract: A low-cost volume-reducing treatment method for waste which thermally decomposes or burns chlorine-containing waste while the generation of hydrogen chloride and dioxin is completely or considerably suppressed. According to the method, volume of the waste can be greatly reduced. Shredder dust and other waste which contains chlorine derived from, for example, chlorine-containing polymers is thermally decomposed or burned at a temperature of 300.degree. to 1000.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere where unburned carbon remains. Preferably, a basic material like red mud which contains alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides is added before treatment.

Abstract: A process for the removal of volatilizable inorganic contaminants from solid waste is provided. The process comprises the steps of: (a) providing solid waste containing volatilizable inorganic contaminants; (b) heating the waste to a temperature sufficiently high for the volatilization of the inorganic contaminants and sufficiently low so as to prevent slag formation of the solid waste, thereby producing a contaminant-rich vapor phase and a contaminant-poor solid phase; and (c) separating the solid phase and the vapor phase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to tungsten halogen phosphine complex compounds having the formula W(PX.sub.3).sub.6-n L.sub.n wherein X is fluorine or chlorine, L is molecular nitrogen, acetone or other ketones or aldehydes, carbon monoxide, acetonitrile or other nitriles, diphenylethine or other ethines, diethylether or tetrahydrofurane or other open-chained or cyclic ethers, benzene or other aromatics, ethene or 1,5-cyclooctodiene or cycloheptatriene or other mono, di, or, respectively, triolefines, whereby two single-tooth ligands L can be replaced by one .mu..sup.4 -ligand or three single-tooth ligands L can be replaced by one .mu..sup.6 -ligand and n is a whole number from 0 to 5, as well as methods for the manufacture thereof. These substances are easily volatile in a vacuum and can be decomposed at extremely low temperatures and are therefore extremely well suited for CVD depositions in semiconductor technology, particularly, as via hole fillers in VLSI circuits.

Abstract: In a method for producing tungsten hexachloride which comprises reacting tungsten with chlorine gas at a temperature sufficient to result in the conversion of the tungsten to tungsten hexachloride, the improvement comprising reacting tungsten in the form of pressed pieces to convert the pieces to tungsten hexachloride having an oxygen content of less than about 0.5% by weight with the rate of conversion to tungsten hexachloride being at least about 2.3 times greater than the rate of conversion when the tungsten is in an unpressed form.

Abstract: In the fluidized bed chlorination of oxidic materials, for example minerals such as bauxite, tantalite, columbite, wolframite or scheelite, the separation of metal values giving vaporous chlorides at the reaction temperature is enhanced by maintaining a zone substantially free of chlorine in the fluidized bed, for example a zone at least 0.25 m in depth measured from the expanded bed surface. A high aspect ratio bed and counter current movement of the bed matter and the chlorine within the bed are preferably used.

Abstract: In the fluidized bed chlorination of materials containing, for example, magnesium, manganese, calcium, iron or chromium oxides which tend to accumulate as chlorides in the bed leading to bed agglomeration, the hot partially chlorinated bed is treated with oxygen containing gas to strip out such chlorides as such or to convert them to oxides after which the chlorination may be continued. The invention may be applied, for example, to the production of titanium tetrachloride from titanium dioxide slag or the production of chromium chloride, from a chromite beneficiate.

Abstract: A process is described for reacting chlorinated hydrocarbons other than carbon tetrachloride with metal oxides so as to convert essentially all of the carbon atoms to oxides of carbon. This process provides an efficient and economical means for utilizing chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for selectively removing molybdenum values from a spent catalyst and producing a fresh molybdenum-containing catalyst. Such a method preferably contacts anhydrous gaseous hydrogen chloride at an elevated temperature with the metal containing catalyst which is substantially free of carbonaceous material to selectively remove molybdenum therefrom, and producing a fresh molybdenum-containing catalyst by depositing molybdenum from the vapor phase onto a fresh support in the presence of air. At least 50 weight percent and generally as much as 95 weight percent of the molybdenum is removed while other metals such as iron, titanium, cobalt and nickel along with the supporting alumina or silica are not affected.

Abstract: This invention relates to the recovery of molybdenum, vanadium, and aluminum, as well as of cobalt and nickel, from the residues of hydrodesulfurization catalysts.PRIOR ARTMolybdenum-containing catalysts are used in the petroleum industry for the hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbons. The hydrodesulfurization treatment consists in contacting petroleum or a petroleum fraction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst so as to remove the sulfur as gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The catalysts used for said purpose generally comprise a support material made of alumina containing, as active components, either molybdenum and cobalt or molybdenum and nickel. Sometimes catalysts in which the support consists of silica in place of alumina are also used.The active components, i.e. molybdenum, cobalt and/or nickel, are present as oxides in the fresh catalysts. The percentages of active components are variable. In most cases, these percentages are of about 10-15% for molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.

Abstract: Coal hydrogenation catalyst is recovered from coal hydrogenation residues containing carbonaceous matter, coal ash and catalyst by contacting such residues with oxygen and steam under conditions to provide H.sub.2 and CO containing gases and fused ash which contains catalyst, contacting the fused ash with a reactant which will react with the catalyst to form a catalyst compound which is volatile at the temperature of the fused ash and withdrawing vaporized catalyst compound from the fused ash. The vaporized catalyst may be condensed and dissolved in a solvent liquid to form a solution of catalyst for application to coal to be hydrogenated.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the manufacture of metal chlorides by the double-decomposition reaction between a metal chlorinating agent and a metal oxide having greater affinity for chlorine than does the oxide of the metal chloride, and in the presence of small amounts of boron chloride or functionally equivalent boron compounds that increase the rate and degree of completion of the reaction.A major application of this invention is for the making by the chlorination of clay of aluminum chloride and alumina intermediates for the manufacture of aluminum metal.SiCl.sub.4 is formed in the carbo-chlorination of clay or other aluminous-siliceous ores. The SiCl.sub.4 by this invention is catalyzed with BCl.sub.3 and reacted with calcined clay to produce AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2. The practical use of SiCl.sub.4 to make AlCl.sub.3 thus eliminates the previous costly burden of waste SiCl.sub.4 production.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering metallic constituents of spent or waste catalysts containing metallic compounds fixed on an aluminous support. The process is particularly applicable for the recovery of metals such as Al, Mo, V, Ni and Co, contained in spent catalyst. The process comprises transforming the metals to be recovered into volatile chlorides by carbochlorination and then separating the chlorides obtained by dry means and fixing them successively in a selective manner. The separation of AlCl.sub.3 is accomplished by passage through granules of anhydrous NaCl, and the separation of MoCl.sub.5 by passage through granules of crystallized KCl. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of waste catalyst from the catalytic hydrocracking or hydrodesulfurization of oils.

Abstract: A process for substantially reducing the presence of impurities from a sulfur-containing feed material such as dust and hydrometallurgical wastes that result from smelting and refining operations. Pelletized feed materials are heated to 800.degree. to 1150.degree. C and reacted with a gas stream containing chlorine and oxygen. In the presence of sulfur dioxide formed in situ and due to the presence of residual sulfur, the order of volatilization of the elements contained in the feed material is changed from that known for conventional chloridization processes to a more advantageous order. The elements Cd, Bi, Re, Pb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Zn, and As are volatilized and thereby separated from the solid feed material which is consequently enriched in Cu, Ag, Co, Fe, Ni, Au, and precious metals. The feed material is subsequently refined conventionally.