Abstract: X-rays or .gamma.-rays are detected by irradiating a beam of high energy radiation onto a crystalline bismuth oxide compound having the formula Bi.sub.10-14 X.sub.1 O.sub.n wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Ge, Si and Ti and n is a numeral substantially equal to the stoichiometric amount of oxygen within the compound. The above bismuth oxide crystalline compound may be placed in a radiation dosimeter or be applied as a radiation-sensitive coating on a cylinder or plate of an apparatus for producing electrostatic copies (i.e., an in a xerographic process or the like). This is a division of application Ser. No. 837,197, filed Sept. 28, 1977.

Abstract: A sodium Beta-alumina thin film is coated onto a supporting substrate by forming an agglomerate-free, hydrolyzed sol, principally comprising an electrically surface active polymer formed by the hydrolysis and peptization of sodium and aluminum alkoxides, which is applied to the substrate. The substrate and applied sol are then heated to crystallize the polymer and form a solid film having pores with radii of up to about 250 Angstrom units.

Abstract: The process of the present invention resides in the production of an extremely pure basic aluminum-sodium carbonate of the dawsonite type. In the process of the present invention, aluminum hydroxide is reacted with an aqueous sodium bi-carbonate solution at a temperature between 160.degree. and 240.degree. C. and at a pressure of 5-50 atm. The reagents from an aqueous suspension which is stirred throughout the duration of the reaction and the temperature of the reaction is chosen in accordance with the length of crystalline fiber which is to be produced.

Abstract: In the production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer process, the present invention provides an improvement for effectively and economically removing organic substances from a circulating alkali aluminate solution by contacting the aluminate solution containing organic substances with molecular oxygen gas or a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of copper ions as a catalyst at an elevated temperature, thereby oxidizing the organic substances, adding a chemical substance to the resulting aluminate solution which reacts with copper ions to deposit a water-insoluble precipitate, and separating the precipitate from the solution, and recycling the precipitate as a copper source to the above-mentioned wet oxidation procedure.

Abstract: Flue gas having a content of sulfur dioxide is passed upwardly through a scrubbing tower against a descending flow of recycled aqueous sodium aluminate-sodium hydroxide liquor. The sulfur dioxide in the gas is converted to sodium and aluminum sulfates and sulfites and the liquor removes any fly ash present in the gas. Underflow is continuously discharged from the tower and is sent to an evaporator for removal of excess water. Make-up solutions of sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate are added, as necessary. Carbonaceous reducing agent is added to the discharge from the evaporator. The mixture is continuously fed into a reducing furnace where the sulfates and sulfites are reduced to sulfides. The product of the furnace (molten sodium and aluminum sulfides) is charged into a continuous hydrolyzer. Hydrogen sulfide is evolved and collected, and, if desired, its sulfur content is converted to elementary sulfur. The underflow from the hydrolyzer is filtered.

Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali chloride solvent salt, a lithium salt reactant selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate and mixtures thereof, and an aluminum salt reactant selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, alpha-alumina, gamma-alumina and mixtures thereof is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the lithium and aluminum salt reactants dissolve and react precipitating lithium meta-aluminate.

Abstract: Mixed oxide compounds La.sub.2 O.sub.3.11Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, NdAlO.sub.3 and nonstoichiometric MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 are suitable for making cores and molds for casting advanced superalloy materials such as NiTaC-13.

Abstract: Mixed oxide compounds La.sub.2 O.sub.3.11Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, NdAlO.sub.3 and nonstoichiometric MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 are suitable for making cores and molds for casting advanced superalloy materials such as NiTaC-13.

Abstract: A process and products produced thereby, e.g., ferrites, in which ceramic powder particles are subjected to high transmissive energy milling under dry conditions and with given ratios of impacting media to powder, the milling being conducted for a period beyond the threshold point of the powder constituents, whereby dense, composite powder particles are obtained having an interdispersion of initial constituent particles, a large internal interfacial surface within individual product powder particles, etc.

Abstract: In the manufacture of beta-alumina, particularly for use as a solid electrolyte in an electro-chemical cell or other energy conversion device, a compact of beta-alumina particles or of particles which react together on heating to form beta-alumina is sintered in a succession of cycles of heating and cooling such that not less than 5% and not more than 95% of the overall linear shrinkage takes place in any one cycle.

Abstract: A process for the production of .beta.-lithium aluminate LiAlO.sub.2, is disclosed wherein a lithium hydroxide aluminate of the formula: Li.sub.2 O . Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 . nH.sub.2 O is precipitated from aqueous solutions which contain the lithium ions and aluminum in ionogenic or elementary form at a pH value above 7. The concentration of the two metal components is at least 0.1, at most 6 g-atoms per liter, preferably 2 to 5 g-atoms per liter. The precipitation product is washed and dried and then is converted by annealing into .beta.-lithium aluminate, in the temperature range between 200.degree. C. and 800.degree. C., preferably 400.degree. C.-650.degree. C., and especially 450.degree. C.-550.degree. C. The .beta.-LiAlO.sub.2 obtained thereby has a lamellae-shaped or fine crystalline form which is converted into a needle-shaped, crystalline lithium aluminate, is obtained by the process of the invention and is suitable for the construction of electrolyte matrices.

Abstract: Dielectrics without any residual magnetization, produced by the technique of ceramics sintered at high temperatures, usable in devices operating at very high frequencies, such as X band. They are obtained by sintering at lower temperatures than for known dielectrics suitable for those applications and correspond to two possible general formulae:Y.sub.3-x-z Ca.sub.x+z Zr.sub.x Fe.sub.5-x-y-z Al.sub.y Me.sub.z O.sub.12where:Me= Ge, Si or Ti;x is of the order of 20.ltoreq. y.ltoreq. 20.ltoreq. z.ltoreq. 1And (1+ Y)Li.sub. 2 O; 2xZnO; (2x+ 4y)TiO.sub.2 with: 1- 0.4x- 0.6y= 0.

Abstract: A crystalline compound is made by reacting salts of at least one divalent metal and at least one trivalent metal in aqueous solution with sodium carbonate and ageing the resulting precipitate in alkaline conditions until a substantial increase in crystallinity has been obtained.

Abstract: A single crystal substrate for epitaxial growth thereon of a semiconductor layer. The substrate consisting essentially of sapphire (aluminium oxide) and at least one additive selected from a group consisting of oxides of gallium, titanium, scandium, and others. A 87 mol percent content of gallium oxide is most preferred for a silicon layer. Similarly, an additive and its content should most preferably be selected depending on the semiconductor, which may be gallium phosphide, aluminium phosphide, or zinc sulphide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alumina from mineral component of solid fuels containing aluminum, silicon and iron oxides. The process comprises burning a mixture of a solid fuel with limestone in the following molar ratios of limestone to said oxides: CaO:SiO.sub.2 =2.0, CaO:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1.3-1.8, CaO:Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 =1.0, at 1700.degree.-1900.degree. C. As a result, a melt is obtained containing calcium compounds: 2CaO.SiO.sub.2, 12CaO.7Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The melt is cooled and leached with soda solutions for extracting alumina. The sludge remaining after the leaching is suitable for Portland cement production. The invention enables a considerable enlargement of the range of starting products for aluminum and cement industries due to the use of the mineral component of solid fuels, an about twofold reduction of capital investments in the alumina production and reduction of the fuel consumption by 30-40%.

Abstract: Mixed oxide compounds La.sub.2 O.sub.3 . 11Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, NdAlO.sub.3 and nonstoichiometric MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 are suitable for making cores and molds for casting advanced superalloy materials such as NiTaC-13.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new inorganic pigments and to a process for preparing same. More particularly, it relates to new yellowish-green pigments consisting of titanium compounds. These pigments consist of the crystalline phases rutile TiO.sub.2, perovskite CaCO.sub.3 and trigonal CoTiO.sub.3. They contain 2 to 12% by weight of cobalt and 4 to 20% by weight of calcium based on total TiO.sub.2 and they have a dominant wave length .lambda..sub.D comprised between 530 and 560 m.mu..

Abstract: A method of growing monocrystalline bismuth rare earth iron garnet, either as a single crystal or as an epitaxial layer, from a solution containing composing components of the garnet together with a flux. The flux consists essentially of a mixture of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and RO.sub.2, wherein R is at least one of the elements Si, Ge, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce and Te, wherein the system Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 includes a eutectic composition having a eutectic temperature which is below the melting temperature of pure Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3. By using these Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 fluxes, the monocrystalline garnets produced have lower optical absorption coefficients at, for example 5100 A and 5600 A than similar garnets grown using lead-containing fluxes. Furthermore higher growth rates and higher growth temperatures are possible when using the Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 --RO.sub.2 fluxes rather than lead-containing fluxes.

Abstract: Sufficient anionic polyacrylamide having molecular weight of at least 2,800,000 is contacted with alkali metal aluminate liquor containing ferrous iron until a substantial proportion of the ferrous iron is precipitated, and said precipitate and liquor are separated. The process is particularly useful as an improvement in the Bayer process for preparing alumina from bauxite.

Abstract: A hot-pressed beta-alumina composition is provided which consists essentially of M.sub.2 O.nAl.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein n is a positive integer between about 3 and about 12 and M is selected from Na and K. The new beta-alumina composition features a flexural strength of at least about 45,000 psi as measured by ACMA Test No. 2, and high transmissability to light. Methods for preparing the above-described beta-alumina composition are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly ion-conductive porcelain having superior stability, which comprises (a) mixing about 87 to about 95% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with about 5 to about 13% by weight, as Na.sub.2 O, of a sodium salt; (b) heat-treating the mixture at a temperature of not more than about 1500.degree. C in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce a powder whose X-ray powder diffraction pattern has a .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /.beta."-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio such that the ratio of I.beta.:I.beta." is about 1.0:1 to about 0.25:1 where I.beta. is the peak intensity of .beta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the (017) planes with d=2.69 A and I.beta." is the peak intensity of .beta."-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the (01,11) planes with d=2.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing alkaline beta alumina parts, consisting in heating a mixture of alumina and of sodium carbonate, in crushing the powder obtained, in shaping the parts, in sintering them at 1650.degree. C, those parts being arranged in a sintering enclosure suitable for creating, in the vicinity of the parts, an atmosphere which is rich in sodium. The invention is implemented in the embodiment of an electrolyte for sodium-sulphur cells.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment a sintered sodium beta-alumina article is made by forming an aqueous acidic colloidal solution (sol) of a dispersible alpha-alumina monohydrate, adding an aqueous solution of an inorganic oxygen-containing sodium salt to the sol to form a thixotropic gel in which the molar ratio of alumina to sodium oxide is in the range of 5 to 11, spray drying the gel to form a free flowing powder, pressing the powder into an article of predetermined shape, heating the pressed article to drive off volatile material, and then sintering the article at a temperature to form a densified sodium beta-alumina structure. When desired, water soluble oxygen-containing inorganic salts of metals such as lithium or magnesium may be added to the sol to form a modified (doped) sodium beta-alumina composition.

Abstract: Nitric acid is added to an aqueous solution of organic acid salts of metals to be included in a resulting complex oxide powder, into which an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt of other metal component has been incorporated according to need, and the resulting solution is heated until the organic acid salts are decomposed and the decomposition product is heated, whereby a intended complex powder which is very fine and highly bulky and has a large specific surface area is obtained.

Abstract: A method is provided for removing harmful organic compounds from the aluminate liquor obtained in the production of alumina according to the Bayer process. A magnesium obtained is added to the aluminate liquor to form a hydroxide mixture containing magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide which precipitates from the aluminate liquor. The precipitated mixture is maintained in the aluminate liquor, while being stirred, until at least a part of the organic compounds have been eliminated from the aluminate liquor. The hydroxide mixture containing the organic compounds then is separated from the aluminate liquor.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte composite is provided which is suitable for use as the separating member between a sodium reservoir source and a sulfur reservoir source in a sodium-sulfur battery; the solid electrolyte composite is manufactured by providing a membrane of a crystalline ionic conductive sodium polyaluminate on a portion of a porous, anhydrous crystalline supporting body consisting of alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The sodium polyaluminate is initially applied in the form of a precursor which is then subsequently heated to form the ionic conductive crystalline sodium polyaluminate membrane.

Abstract: A pressure sintering process for the fabrication of ultrafine grained cercs having improved strength and enhanced transparency comprising the cold compressing of a ceramic oxide powder having a cubic crystal structure, removing undesired gases, raising to a temperature at which full density of the compact can be obtained in isothermal increments of about 50.degree. under elevated pressures while maintaining the temperature at each incremental increase for a period of about 50-60 minutes, and recovering the product.

Abstract: Novel rhenium oxides of the formulas MReO.sub.4 and M'.sub.2 ReO.sub.6, where M is Mg, Zn, Mn, Al, Ga, Fe, Co, or Ni and M' is Cr or Fe, are prepared by heating powder mixtures containing precursor oxides with or without some of the metals selected to give the proper stoichiometry, under a pressure of at least 25 kbars. The new oxides are useful in electrical elements, e.g., resistors.

Abstract: .beta."-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is a highly desirable material for serving the double function of solid electrolyte and separator in a rechargeable battery that employs sodium, Na, as the anode and sulfur, S, as the cathode. But conventional means for manufacturing the .beta."-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 require temperatures between 1400.degree. and 1600.degree. C. By reacting .theta.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with Na.sub.2 O, or a compound that yields Na.sub.2 O on decomposition, the desired .beta."-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is obtained at temperatures as low as 950.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to the disposal of aluminum hydrocarbyl, aluminum hydrocarbyloxy, aluminum halide or aluminum hydride waste materials. Such materials are used as catalysts and may be present alone as well as in combination with similar compounds of other elements typically of Group IV-B, V-B, VI-B, VII-B or VIII. The present disposal process seeks to minimize environmental pollution and provide a product that is suitably used as land-fill. In the process of the invention, a system containing an aluminum hydrocarbon, hydrocarbonoxy, halide or hydride waste stream either with or without a co-present compound of another element as set forth is reacted with a hydroxide or carbonate of a Group I-A, II-A, IV-A, or V-A element under substantially anhydrous conditions. The reaction is comparatively mild and is suitably conducted in ordinary steel equipment without excessive corrosion problems. Diluents co-present with the waste materials are recovered for recycle in anhydrous form without requiring drying.

Abstract: Basic carbonate which contains copper and aluminum and is suitable for the manufacture of copper-containing catalysts and which has the general formula Cu.sub.m Al.sub.6 (CO.sub.3).sub.0.5m O.sub.3 (OH).sub.m.sub.+12, where m may be an integer or non-integer between 2 and 6.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of sodium aluminate (Na.sub.2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4) are stabilized by the addition of triethanolamine.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the recovery of sodium aluminate crystallized from a digest of caustic and lime with high-silica aluminous materials. The digest solution is concentrated by evaporation and then seeded with Na.sub.2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4.2.5H.sub.2 O crystals to crystallize alumina from the solution as Na.sub.2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4.2.5H.sub.2 O. The crystals are then separated from the mother liquor solution by filtration or centrifugation. The crystals are then washed with a solution having a lower caustic content than the mother liquor and an alumina concentration of about 50 grams per liter to remove any mother liquor remaining on the crystals. The sodium aluminate crystals are used as a feed for a subsequent Bayer processing step.

Abstract: A method of growing sapphire crystals from the melt wherein a porous alumina raw material is used to replenish the melt during growth. The porous alumina is subjected to a high temperature, low pressure environment to remove adsorbed water and oxygen which, if allowed to enter the melt, would result in poor monocrystals. A sequence of steps is provided which allows a simultaneous outgassing of one charge of porous alumina and a continuous replenishing of the melt with porous alumina of a previously outgassed charge. The previously outgassed charge of alumina must be handled in a system devoid of water and oxygen to avoid readsorption of the impurities.

Abstract: A low pressure process for the production of beta-lithium aluminate (LiAlO.sub.2) in a two thermal stage reaction of alumina with liquid phase lithium carbonate comprising admixing powdered alumina with a carbonates composition selected from the group consisting of a ternary lithium-potassium-sodium carbonates composition, a binary lithium-potassium carbonates composition and a binary lithium-sodium carbonates composition, heating the admixture at about 480.degree. to 550.degree. C. in a first thermal stage for a period of time to react the alumina with lithium carbonate to form lithium aluminate, and raising the temperature of the lithium aluminate to about 600.degree. to 650.degree. C. in a second thermal stage for a period of time to transform the lithium aluminate (LiAlO.sub.2) to the desired beta-lithium aluminate.

Abstract: This invention relates to the method for preparing oxygen compounds of antimony with metals.According to the invention, the method for preparing oxygen compounds of antimony with metals consists in oxidation of antimony trioxide by hydrogen peroxide at a temperature from 40.degree. to 100.degree.C to form a suspension of hydrated antimony pentoxide and interaction of the obtained suspension of hydrated antimony pentoxide with metal compounds with subsequent drying ad calcining at temperatures from 300.degree. to 700.degree.C.The invention can be employed in the manufacture of metal oxide-antimony catalysts and metal-oxide resistor materials.

Abstract: Method for production of a zeolitic material represented by the formula:R.sub.x H.sub.5.sub.-x (Al.sub.y Fe.sub.1.sub.-y).sub.4 (P.sub.l As.sub.1.sub.-l).sub.3 O.sub.16.zH.sub.2 Owherein R represents Na or K, x, y, z and l are numerical values of O.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.5, O.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, Z.ltoreq.9 and O.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.1, respectively; which comprises preparing an aqueous solution by dissolving (1) at least one source of aluminum and iron, (2) at least one source of phosphorus and arsenic and (3) at least one source of sodium and potassium in water in the ranges expressed in terms of the molar ratios of their oxides of3.5.ltoreq.(Al, Fe).sub. 2 O.sub.3 /(P, As).sub. 2 O.sub.5 .ltoreq.4.5and(K, Na).sub.2 O/(Al, Fe) .sub.2 O.sub.3 >0.12adjusting the pH of the solution to within the range of the cross-hatched area in FIGS. 1 to 4 and heating the solution at 150 to 250.degree.C in a closed vessel to crystallize the zeolitic material and recovering the objective zeolitic material.

Abstract: An oxygen carrier composition based on the metals lead, magnesium and aluminum and a vapor phase process for dehydrocoupling toluene and/or toluene derivatives to form stilbene and/or stilbene derivatives and for demethylating toluene and/or toluene derivatives to form benzene and/or benzene derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed is the production of high purity magnesium aluminate spinel by blending alumina as ESP fines with a finely divided source of magnesia in a MgO:Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 weight ratio of between about 0.4 to 0.8 and firing the blend at 900.degree.C. or above.

Abstract: Catalyst compositions comprising zinc aluminate promoted with at least one metal selected from metals of Groups IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIII, IB, and VA and rare earth metals.

Abstract: Alkoxy ethoxides, for example 2-methoxy ethoxide, of aluminum and magnesium or aluminum and calcium, are provided. These compounds are of the formula MAl.sub.2 (O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--R).sub.8 wherein M is calcium or magnesium and wherein R is an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; they are liquids at about 25.degree. C. and about 1 atmosphere of pressure and are produced by reacting aluminum and magnesium or calcium with mono-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Methods for hydrolyzing the compounds to obtain oxides of the formula MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 and CaAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 are disclosed. For example, magnesium aluminum octa-(2 methoxy ethoxide) is produced, using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (methyl "Cellosolve") as a reagent; the material is hydrolyzed and heated to form MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4.

Abstract: A method of producing an aluminum oxide and tungstate powder for insulating cathode heaters includes mixing a finely divided aluminum oxide powder with ammonium tungstate, rinsing out excess ammonium tungstate, drying the mixture and heating in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere to about 700.degree.C.