Abstract: A method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles.

Abstract: Systems and Methods to produce a lime hydrate sorbent composition formed of highly reactive lime hydrate (HRH) by adding compounds to the slaking water in a method that would produce a non-HRH, which will typically be a lime hydrate having citric acid reactivity as discussed above of more than ten seconds, to make the non-HRH an HRH, which is having a citric acid reactivity of less than or equal to ten seconds.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a milk of lime of great fineness comprising at least the steps of providing one lime compound and forming said milk of lime with a process water and said lime compound.

Abstract: A hydrated lime product exhibiting superior reactivity towards HCl and SO2 in air pollution control applications. Also disclosed is a method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles. The resultant lime hydrate product has available CaOH of greater than 92%, a citric acid reactivity of less than 20 seconds, a BET surface area greater than 18, a D90 less than 10 ?m, a D50 less than 4 ?m, a D90/D50 less than 3, and a large pore volume of greater than 0.2 BJH.

Abstract: A composition of milk of lime comprising particles of slaked lime suspended in an aqueous phase, characterized in that said particles of slaked lime have a particle size described by a particle size distribution profile that is narrow and monomodal and the method of production thereof.

Abstract: A method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles.

Abstract: Process and apparatus is disclosed for providing a chemical reaction between calcium oxide containing grit particles to produce calcium hydroxide and heat, capturing the heat of hydration and using it to preheat water initially at ambient temperature, to rise to an elevated temperature to increase the amount of lime present in the water to a supersaturated lime suspension level, with the chemical reaction running to completion, followed by cooling. Heat from a water jacket may be used to raise the temperature in the lime slaker. A process and apparatus is also provided for dissolving scale on internal surfaces of a lime slaker, a lime aging tank, grit separation device and piping and dosing sub-systems, by adding acid into the system with rinse water. A pressurized delivery system that is substantially closed to atmosphere delivers treating dosing under sufficient pressure conditions to maintain a relatively constant back pressure, by means of valving.

Abstract: A method of producing a hydrated lime. The process hydrates quicklime in conjunction with standard means of hydrating lime. The resulting hydrated lime has highly reduced contents of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The hydrated lime has little to no remaining reactivity when placed in contact with water after the process. The hydrated lime can is with stoichiometric volumes of water as required to fully hydrate the quicklime and water mixture as well as with volumes beyond the calculated stoichiometry with some potential for remaining water left after the process without the potential for lime putty or a wet hydrate as the result.

Abstract: A method is described for batchwise slaking of burnt lime in a slaker, in which a lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, comprising the following processing steps: emptying of finished slaked and diluted lime slurry from the slaker; automatic coupling of a control system for automatic operation after the wanted slaking temperature has been reached in the first batch; automatic regulation of the slaking temperature in the subsequent slurry batch; and automatic registering of the remaining amount of slurry in the slaker after complete dosing of lime.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hydrating lime in a horizontally disposed vessel where adjacent oppositely rotating shafts have first sets of spaced blades extending coaxially with an axis of each shaft and an adjacent second set of blades extending to an angle to the longitudinal axis, the blades directing a mixture of quicklime and water upwardly into a space between the shafts and towards the cover, while forming hydrated lime.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of nanowires of metal oxides with dopant elements in lower valence state. The nanomaterials/materials with dopants in lower valence state are important as these exhibit markedly different characteristics than higher valence state materials of same composition. Nanowires show markedly enhanced properties in lateral direction. The invented process presents a procedure for preparation of different types of nanowires in oxide form that are useful for different applications. In this a precursor is ignited in a specially designed container/enclosure that produces the product with the described features. The process is simple and involves a single step/stage is of very short time per batch. The invention provides a process, which gives controlled size of nanowires and is suitable for the production of nanowires/nanomaterials of desired metal oxides with dopant elements in valence state.

Abstract: A manufacturing facility for quicklime is provided, which can manufacture highly active quicklime by a simple manufacturing facility, and which can also separate and recover, in a high concentration, CO2 gas generated at the time of manufacturing quicklime.

Abstract: A method of producing calcium carbonate from lime comprises the steps of: (i) providing an aqueous solution comprising 10% to 35% by weight of dissolved polyhydroxy compound and 1% to 5% by weight of dissolved calcium hydroxide (expressed as Ca(OH)2) and having a pH of at least 11.5; (ii) treating the solution prepared in step (i) to remove solids including suspended solids; (iii) dispersing carbon dioxide through the solution so as to form calcium carbonate with a consequential reduction in the pH of the reaction mixture, (iv) during a time period beginning at the start of a sudden, short rise in pH and ended during a subsequent fall in pH but before it reaches 9.5 terminating the dispersion of carbon dioxide and adding an alkaline reagent to maintain a pH for the product mixture of at least 9.5, and (v) recovering precipitated calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Method for batch wise slaking of burnt lime in a slaker, in which a lime slurry is produced with a great degree of fineness and long sedimentation time, comprising the following steps: the regulation of the slaking temperature is carried out in either of two steps—at incoming water temperatures between 0-10° C. a predetermined amount of the finished slurry is emptied out—at incoming water temperatures between 10-20° C. a predetermined amount of flushing water or diluting water is added.

Abstract: A lime slaking process is provided, whereby lime is delivered from a silo into a slaking vessel, and water is likewise delivered from one or more sources, into the slaking vessel, such that unreacted lime will go through a hydration process in an exothermic reaction, and wherein the temperature of the lime being slaked in the slaking vessel is monitored and controlled via a computer that responds to the monitored temperature of lime being slaked, to add additional water and/or lime, as desired. The delivery of lime from a lime silo to the slaking vessel is via a volumetric feeding apparatus. Following the slaking process, the reacted lime and water, in the form of a slurry may be delivered to an aging tank, and subsequently to a gravity operated grit classifier. Water from the slurry may be drawn off for use at one or more dosing stations.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for continuously and proportional adding of lime to a water flow through in a plant, wherein a number of slakers are used for batchwise slaking of burnt lime, and wherein lime slurry with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time is produced. A first slaker empties completely slaked and diluted lime slurry after the weight principle proportional to the water flow through of the plant, until a predetermined mass of slurry weight is left, which is used for mixing with a next batch. A second slaker, which is ready for its emptying sequence, starts emptying completely slaked and diluted lime slurry after the weight principle proportional to the water flow through of the plant, when the first slaker has finished emptying, until a predetermined mass of slurry weight is left, which is used for mixing with a next batch.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures is disclosed in which a metal oxide sorbent, which is used to capture and release carbon dioxide, is recycled. The process incorporates the regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the metal oxide to maintain a high capture capacity over many cycles. The regeneration involves hydrating the metal oxide and then heating the resulting metal hydroxide under a gas atmosphere that is effective to suppress the dehydration of the hydroxide so that dehydration occurs at an elevated temperature. The regeneration may also be used independently from the carbon dioxide separation process to produce, from a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide having an enhanced resistance to attrition and fragmentation.

Abstract: Process and apparatus is disclosed for providing a chemical reaction between calcium oxide containing grit particles to produce calcium hydroxide and heat, capturing the heat of hydration and using it to preheat water initially at ambient temperature, to rise to an elevated temperature to increase the amount of lime present in the water to a supersaturated lime suspension level, with the chemical reaction running to completion, followed by cooling. Heat from a water jacket may be used to raise the temperature in the lime slaker. A process and apparatus is also provided for dissolving scale on internal surfaces of a lime slaker, a lime aging tank, grit separation device and piping and dosing sub-systems, by adding acid into the system with rinse water. A pressurized delivery system that is substantially closed to atmosphere delivers treating dosing under sufficient pressure conditions to maintain a relatively constant back pressure, by means of valving.

Abstract: A method to prevent build-up of limestone in a slaker that is used for batchwise slaking of burnt lime is described, in which lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, where for immediate cleansing of the slaker before next slaking, after said calibration of the load cell aggregate, a number of valves are opened for given time periods for addition of flushing water to respective nozzles, in that flushing water is supplied sequentially via each valve to associated nozzle(s), until a predetermined amount of flushing water is reached in the slaker.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for conveying lime slurry, removing and controlling the amount of grit, and feeding lime slurry, wherein the lime slurry moves through a recirculation loop, and wherein gravity removal of grit from the lime slurry takes place.

Abstract: A novel use of delayed reactivity partly prehydrated lime (“DRQL”), which is comprised of 40 to 98% by weight of CaO and of 60 to 2% by weight of Ca(OH)2, preferably of 80 to 92% by weight of CaO and of 20 to 8% by weight of Ca(OH)2, and more preferably of 85 to 90% by weight of CaO and of 15 to 10% by weight of Ca(OH)2, in the field of the separation of solid matter from the liquid of a suspension. The invention also involves a novel method for treating a sludge, in which the solid matter is concentrated, dried and recovered using the delayed reactivity partly prehydrated lime. It additionally relates to, as a novel industrial product, the purified sludge obtained according to the method.

Abstract: A granular material having a high strength and a large BET specific surface area composed of porous particles comprising calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide wherein the calcium oxide is contained in an amount of 30 to 80 weight % based on a total amount of the calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide and the porous particles have a BET specific surface area of 40 m2/g or more, or composed of porous particles comprising calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide wherein a ratio of an amount of magnesium to a total of an amount of calcium and an amount of magnesium is in the range of 0.05 to 0.80, a total hydroxide content in the whole particles is in the range of 1 to 20 weight % and the porous particles have a BET specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more.

Abstract: In a process for the hydration of a material containing CaO, the material is contacted with water near the bottom of a vertical gas suspension column to thereby at least partially hydrate the material. The material is thereafter transported upward through and out of the vertical gas suspension column in an entraining gas that enters the vertical gas suspension column near its bottom.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for continuously and proportional adding of lime to a water flow through in a plant, wherein a number of slakers are used for batchwise slaking of burnt lime, and wherein lime slurry with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time is produced. A first slaker empties completely slaked and diluted lime slurry after the weight principle proportional to the water flow through of the plant, until a predetermined mass of slurry weight is left, which is used for mixing with a next batch. A second slaker, which is ready for its emptying sequence, starts emptying completely slaked and diluted lime slurry after the weight principle proportional to the water flow through of the plant, when the first slaker has finished emptying, until a predetermined mass of slurry weight is left, which is used for mixing with a next batch.

Abstract: Powdered lime composition having a BET specific surface area that is equal to or greater than 25 m2/g and a BJH total pore volume obtained from nitrogen desorption that is equal to or greater than 0.1 cm3/g, and furthermore comprising an alkali metal. The alkali metal content is equal to or greater than 0.2% and equal to or less than 3.5% based on the total weight of the composition. There is also described a method of preparing the composition and use thereof to reduce flue gases.

Abstract: A process for sequestration of carbon dioxide comprising the following steps: (a) dispersing solid waste material comprising calcium oxide and a calcium-comprising mixed oxide in water to dissolve at least part of the calcium oxide and to form calcium oxide-depleted solid waste material in a calcium hydroxide solution; (b) separating the calcium hydroxide solution from the calcium oxide-depleted solid waste material; (c) converting the calcium hydroxide in the separated calcium hydroxide solution in precipitated calcium carbonate; and (d) contacting an aqueous slurry of the calcium oxide-depleted solid waste material with carbon dioxide for mineral carbonation of the carbon dioxide to form carbonated solid waste material.

Abstract: A hydrated lime, especially suited for removal of acid gases, such as SO3, from flue gases, is produced by the method of hydrating quicklime while controlling the temperature increase of the reaction, caused by the hydration reaction of the quicklime with water, sufficient to form a hydrated lime having a high pore volume of between about 0.1 to 0.25 cm3/g and a specific surface area of between about 20 to 50 m2/g, and then drying the resultant hydrated lime by indirect heating to provide a residual water content of less than 2.0 weight percent of the hydrated lime product.

Abstract: Granular calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide which are highly reactive with a halide gas and its decomposition products and favorably employable for filling a gas-fixing unit (32) of an apparatus (3) for fixing a halide gas are, respectively, a granule of porous spherical calcium oxide particles, which has a BET specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more and a total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 2-100 nm in the range of 0.40-0.70 mL/g and a granule of porous spherical calcium hydroxide particles which has a BET specific surface area of 20 m2/g or more and a total pore volume of pores having a diameter of 2-100 nm in the range of 0.25-0.40 mL/g.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for hydration of a particulate or pulverulent material containing CaO. The method is peculiar in that water is added in a quantity which will ensure that the partial pressure PH2O of the added water as a function of the temperature (° C.) is maintained within the interval defined by the formula (I), where PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapour in atm. and T is the temperature in ° C. Hereby is obtained that the material particles do not lump into agglomerates, and that the particles are hydrated evenly from the outside and inwards so that it is the active surface of the material particles which undergoes hydration in connection with partial hydration. This is due to the fact that the liquid water will not get into contact with the material particles since the water will appear in vapour form within the specified interval.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sheet of paper (6) comprising paper fibres and calcium carbonate mainly in the form of calcite crystals linked directly to the paper fibres. The inventive method is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:—(i) an aqueous composition comprising calcium bicarbonates (5) and/or hydrated and/or dissolved carbon dioxide (3) and (ii) an aqueous composition comprising calcium hydroxide (4) are mixed in an aqueous medium in such a way as to precipitate the calcium carbonate in the form of vaterite crystals;—paper fibres (2, 2?) are immediately added;—the vaterite crystals are left to transform into calcite crystals on contact with the fibres;—said mixture containing the calcite crystals which are fixed to the fibres is subsequently sent on the conveying wire of the papermaking machine (M) for drainage and so that the sheet of paper can be formed;—the sheet of paper (6) thus obtained is treated, if necessary, and dried.

Abstract: Feeding device for feeding burned lime to a reaction vessel for causticizing soda liquor to caustic soda. The feeding device, in its upper part, has an inlet for receiving slurry of the burned lime and the soda liquor for formation of said slurry inside said feeding device. The system further comprises a tall and slender feed vessel having a lower part having an outlet defined therein for the slurry. The outlet, via a pump, is operatively connected to the reaction vessel. The process and the feeding system utilize the feeding device, in which process the slurry is created of the burned lime and a first part of the soda liquor, a second part being preheated before addition to the slurry, whereafter slaking and causticizing reactions are completed under elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for hydration of a particulate or pulverulent material containing CaO. The method is peculiar in that water is added in a quantity which will ensure that the partial pressure PH2O of the added water as a function of the temperature (° C.) is maintained within the interval defined by the formula (I), where PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapour in atm. and T is the temperature in ° C. Hereby is obtained that the material particles do not lump into agglomerates, and that the particles are hydrated evenly from the outside and inwards so that it is the active surface of the material particles which undergoes hydration in connection with partial hydration. This is due to the fact that the liquid water will not get into contact with the material particles since the water will appear in vapour form within the specified interval.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for conveying lime slurry, removing and controlling the amount of grit, and feeding lime slurry, wherein the lime slurry moves through a recirculation loop, and wherein gravity removal of grit from the lime slurry takes place. A stilling well is provided, inside or outside the slurry tank, either fixed in cross-sectional area or adjustable, but wherein the cross-sectional area of the stilling tank can be selected or adjusted to alter the flow velocity of slurry therethrough and the residence time of slurry therethrough, as slurry is delivered through the stilling well via a suction line located therein, whereby grit can be separated via gravity from slurry in the slurry tank prior to withdrawal of slurry through the stilling well.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate with high brightness is prepared by treating calcium carbonate and/or the milk of lime used for its preparation by reacting milk of lime with carbon dioxide and/or at least one of the calcium-containing preliminary products used for the preparation of the milk of lime before, during and/or after this reaction with a bleaching agent which comprises at least one compound of the formula (I): A[(CR1R2)SOpM(1/q)]r??(I) where the variables have the following meanings: A is NR3R4, NR3, N or OH; R1, R2, R3, R4 independently of one another, are hydrogen or an organic radical; M is ammonium or metal p is 2 or 3; q is the valency of M; and r is 1 when A = OH or NR3R4, is 2 when A = NR3 and is 3 when A = N; and where variables, if a mixture of compounds is used and/or r=2 or 3, are chosen independently of one another for each individual compound and/or for each [(CR1R2)SOpM(1/q)] group.

Abstract: A method is shown for producing food grade hydrated lime. A source of raw, hydrated lime is first passed through a classification step which divides the raw hydrated lime into a first fine stream and a first coarse stream. The first fine stream is passed through a further separation step and, without being recombined with the first coarse stream is separated out to form a very fine sized product which meets CODEX chemical specifications. The additional separation step may be a wet process and may utilize a hydrocyclone type separator.

Abstract: A method is shown for controlling the presence of soluble sulfate ions in a lime slaking operation in which a source of quicklime is combined with slaking water to form calcium hydroxide product. A complexing agent is added to either the quicklime or the slaking water which is effective to tie up the soluble sulfate ions otherwise available in solution, whereby the agglomeration of calcium hydroxide product is acceptably controlled.

Abstract: A method is shown for producing stable, non-settling calcium hydroxide slurries with defined solids, viscosity, reactivity, and particle size. A traditional hydrated lime is first blended with an organic solvent. The hydrated lime and organic solvent blend is then wet-milled in a media mill. The resulting slurries can be used in applications where the addition of aqueous calcium hydroxide slurries would be a disadvantage such as in the production of solvent based oils, greases and lubrication products. The process can also be used to produce stable, non-settling, ultra-fine particles of calcium oxide in organic solvents, where fine particles are needed for processing in organic matrices.

Abstract: An improved system for slaking of lime which does not rely on the weighing of materials delivered to the vessel where the mixing takes place. A control system is utilized to control the volume of lime and water delivered to insure that a preselected temperature is obtained during the chemical reaction in the vessel. In a batch process the volume of lime and water is controlled based on the temperature sensed to maintain the temperature at the desired level. Once the reaction is complete the resultant slurry is discharged from the vessel for further processing. The vessel is then cleansed and prepared for the next batch.

Abstract: A method is shown for producing food grade hydrated lime. A source of raw, hydrated lime is first passed through a classification step which divides the raw hydrated lime into a first fine stream and a first coarse stream. The first coarse stream is then passed to a grinder which produces a ground coarse product. The first fine stream is separated out from the first coarse stream and, without combining the first fine stream with the first coarse stream or with the ground coarse product, is removed to produce a very fine sized product which meets CODEX chemical specifications.

Abstract: A method is shown for producing stable, non-settling calcium hydroxide slurries with defined solids, viscosity, reactivity, and particle size. A traditional hydrated lime is first blended with an organic solvent. The hydrated lime and organic solvent blend is then wet-milled in a media mill. The resulting slurries can be used in applications where the addition of aqueous calcium hydroxide slurries would be a disadvantage such as in the production of solvent based oils, greases and lubrication products. The process can also be used to produce stable, non-settling, ultra-fine particles of calcium oxide in organic solvents, where fine particles are needed for processing in organic matrices.

Abstract: A method is shown for producing food grade hydrated lime. A source of raw, hydrated lime is first passed through a classification step which divides the raw hydrated lime into a first fine stream and a first coarse stream. The first coarse stream is then passed to a grinder which produces a ground coarse product. The first fine stream is separated out from the first coarse stream and, without combining the first fine stream with the first coarse stream or with the ground coarse product, is removed to produce a very fine sized product which meets CODEX chemical specifications.

Abstract: An improved system for slaking of lime which does not rely on the weighing of materials delivered to the vessel where the mixing takes place. A control system is utilized to control the volume of lime and water delivered to insure that a preselected temperature is obtained during the chemical reaction in the vessel. In a batch process the volume of lime and water is controlled based on the temperature sensed to maintain the temperature at the desired level. Once the reaction is complete the resultant slurry is discharged from the vessel for further processing. The vessel is then cleansed and prepared for the next batch.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for reducing phosphorous in a body of water. This method comprises calcining a plurality of rocks and collecting carbon dioxide formed as a result of the calcining process; crushing the plurality of calcined rocks; pumping source water from the body of water into to a plurality of retaining cells; flocculating the phosphorus in the source water by introducing the plurality of calcined rocks into the source water in the retaining cells; settling out a phosphorous precipitate formed by the flocculating act; adjusting the pH level of the flocculated source water to a predetermined range of values by pumping carbon dioxide created by the calcining of the rocks into the source water to created treated water; and transferring the treated water back to the body of water.

Abstract: A process for cleaning flue gases containing ash and sulfur dioxide produced by burning sulfur-containing coal in the combustion chamber of a circulating fluidized-bed firing system includes delivering a particulate SO2 sorbent into the combustion chamber. A mixture including portions of the ash, the reaction product produced in the reaction of the SO2 sorbent with the sulfur dioxide, and unreacted SO2 sorbent is fed from the combustion chamber to a mixing unit. In the mixing unit, water or an aqueous sodium-containing solution is mixed with this mixture and the unreacted SO2 sorbent is converted into a hydration product (for example Ca(OH)2) at a reaction temperature of 60° to 100° and at atmospheric pressure. The ash, the reaction product, and the hydration product is returned from the mixing unit into the combustion chamber, and the hydration product is reactivated to an SO2 sorbent at a combustion-chamber temperature of 700° to 950° C.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for cleaning flue gases with particulate slaked lime are described. In the method, burnt lime is dry-slaked with water to a moisture content of at least 5% by weight, and the slaked lime is contacted with the flue gases within 1 minute of the slaking. Preferably, the slaked lime is mixed with recirculated powdered lime from the flue gas cleaning before contacting it with the flue gases.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing micro-particulated hydrated lime slurries includes the steps of blending hydrated lime and water to form a mixture, mixing the hydrated lime and water mixture under high shear to form a slurry, transferring the hydrated lime and water slurry to a storage container, and adjusting the percent weight solids of the hydrated lime and water slurry to a predetermined weight solids content. Mixing the hydrated lime and water mixture under high shear can include mixing with a high shear disperser and/or with a high shear rotor/stator mixer. The resultant slurry includes hydrated lime particles with a median particle size of about 6 micrometers or less.

Abstract: An automated apparatus for introducing a mixed liquid base (lime) in a first container or tank (106, 106A) into a biological sludge in a second container (110, 110A and 110B) is described. The second container is used to house the sludge for a short period of time (2 to 12 hours) and then the liquid sludge is sent to a storage tank (112) for a longer period of time (6 months). The system (100) enables flushing of the lime supply conduits (108, 108A and 108B) with water to prevent clogging. The treated sludge is applied to soil as a fertilizer.

Abstract: The present invention is a Ca(OH)2 particle composition and a method of making the composition, the composition consisting essentially of dried calcium hydroxide particles having a moisture content of less than 2 percent by weight of the total composition, a specific surface area greater than 30 m2/g, a total nitrogen desorption pore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g, and a CO2 content of less than 2 percent by weight of the total composition, the aforementioned particles being in the form of a mixture comprising first fraction of particles having a size of less than 32 micrometers and a second fraction of particles of a size greater than 32 micrometers, the weight percent of the second fraction ranging from 20 to 50 percent, the aforementioned particles having a nitrogen desorption pore volume consisting of pores with a diameter ranging from 100 to 400 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for hydrating CaO residues in fluidized bed combustor ashes that achieves a better level of hydration, which does not add significantly to the cost of the hydration process, which reduces the consumption of water in the hydration process, and which if desired can trap at least some of the CO2 in the furnace gasses, by using some of it to convert the hydrated CaO to CaCO3. This both reduces the amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere, and converts the potentially dangerous CaO in the ashes into an effectively inert and benign material. By exposing the ash/water mixture to sound under the correct conditions of frequency, and power input, it is possible to improve both the rate of hydration, and the level of hydration, of FBC ashes. The process can be carried out either batchwise or continuously, and does not require an extended time period.

Abstract: A process for the production of high density hydration resistant sintered lime which comprises washing limestone having impurities of less than 2% to remove external impurities, crushing the washed limestone to a size of 25 mm or below, calcining the limestone at a temperature in the range of 1000 to 1150° C. for a period in the range of 2 to 3 hours to form a calcined mass, hydrating the calcined mass, drying the hydrated mass by known methods, deagglomerating the dried hydrated mass with 1 to 4 weight percent of an additive selected from the group consisting of a transition metal oxide capable of forming a low melting compound, a rare earth metal oxide capable of forming a solid solution, and mixtures thereof, pelletizing the resultant mixture at a pressure of at least 1000 Kg/lcm2, sintering the pellets at a temperature In the range of 1500° C. to 1650° C. for a period In the range of 24 hours and allowing the resultant sintered pellets to cool.