Abstract: A solid powder reactor includes: a reaction kettle, including a hollow kettle body and covers; an agitating device, including an agitating shaft and blades, wherein the agitating shaft is arranged in the kettle body and the blades are fixed on the agitating shaft; and a heating system, including a kettle body heater and an agitating heater, wherein the kettle body heater is fixed on the kettle body and the agitating heater is arranged on the agitating device. While the agitating device and the kettle body are driven to agitate, by a driving device fixedly arranged outside the reaction kettle, the heating system heats materials in the reactor. The present invention is applicable to solid reaction of solid powders. The materials containing attached water or not are both feasible, and the materials can directly enter the reactor and react. Compared with conventional solid reactors, the present invention increases the production efficiency.

Abstract: A method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively coarse particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated, allowed to mature in a damp state, and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively coarse particles.

Abstract: A system for converting animal waste into fuel, oil and other useful products is presented and includes a confinement building, a waste storage facility or lagoon for holding animal waste, a solids separating system for separating solids from liquids, a mixing and macerating unit for mixing the proper combination of fluids and solids and for managing the particle size, a pumping unit for pressurizing the system, a first heat exchanger unit, a reactor vessel, a second heat exchanger unit, an oil and water separating unit and an oil storage facility. The reactor vessel includes at least one auger blade that extend around a centrally positioned column that conducts heat into the reactor vessel. The animal waste is pumped through the reactor vessel as heated is applied. The heat and pressure converts the animal waste to oil and water which is later separated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include metal boride nanoparticles, methods of making metal boride nanoparticles, methods of using metal boride nanoparticle, metal oxide nanoparticles, methods of making metal oxide nanoparticles, methods of using metal oxide nanoparticle, and the like.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed use of lactam as a solvent in the preparation of nanomaterials by precipitation method, sol-gel method or high temperature pyrolysis. These methods are able to recycle lactam solvent, which meet requirements of environmental protection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to spherical beads comprising at least one metal and/or semimetal oxide, having a mean diameter in the range from 10 to 120 ?m, a BET surface area in the range from 400 to 800 m2/g and a pore volume in the range from 0.3 to 3.0 cm3/g, wherein the diameter of a given bead at any one point of said bead deviates by less than 10% from the average diameter of said bead and the surface of said bead is substantially smooth, and also to a process for producing these spherical beads, to a particulate catalyst comprising the spherical beads and to the use of the spherical beads as catalysts or catalyst carriers.

Abstract: A droplet generation system includes a first nozzle configuration structured to receive a liquid and a gas under pressure in a controllable feed ratio, and to merge the liquid and gas to form an intermediate stream that is a mixture of the gas and of a dispersed phase of the liquid. A second nozzle configuration is connected to receive the intermediate stream from the first nozzle configuration and has a valve mechanism with one or more controllable operating parameters to emit a stream of droplets of the liquid. The mean size of the droplets is dependent on the controllable feed ratio of the liquid and gas and the flow rate of the stream of droplets is dependent on the controllable operating parameter(s) of the valve mechanism. A corresponding method is disclosed, as is the application of the system and method to the production of nanoparticles in a thermochemical reactor.

Abstract: Some embodiments include methods of forming memory cells. Metal oxide may be deposited over a first electrode, with the deposited metal oxide having a relatively low degree of crystallinity. The degree of crystallinity within the metal oxide may be increased after the deposition of the metal oxide. A dielectric material may be formed over the metal oxide, and a second electrode may be formed over the dielectric material. The degree of crystallinity may be increased with a thermal treatment. The thermal treatment may be conducted before, during, and/or after formation of the dielectric material.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: A method of producing a hydrated lime. The process hydrates quicklime in conjunction with standard means of hydrating lime. The resulting hydrated lime has highly reduced contents of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. The hydrated lime has little to no remaining reactivity when placed in contact with water after the process. The hydrated lime can is with stoichiometric volumes of water as required to fully hydrate the quicklime and water mixture as well as with volumes beyond the calculated stoichiometry with some potential for remaining water left after the process without the potential for lime putty or a wet hydrate as the result.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide fine particles having a nano-order particle size, a low carbon content, high whiteness and high transparency and a production process therefor. The magnesium hydroxide fine particles have an average secondary particle diameter measured by frequency analysis of 1 to 100 nm and a carbon content of less than 0.9 wt %.

Abstract: This invention refers to a novel process for obtaining high purity magnesium hydroxide from a solid starting material containing magnesium in the form of, and/or combined with, carbonates, oxides and/or hydroxides, either natural or synthetic. The process comprises leaching the starting material to dissolve the magnesium; the solution is treated with alkali to precipitate the high purity magnesium hydroxide, and the remaining mother liquor is fed to a regeneration step of both the alkali used in the precipitation of high purity magnesium hydroxide, and the acid for leaching. The process of the invention is characterized by recycling reactants (acid and alkali) regenerated in the same process.

Abstract: Feed material comprising uniform solution precursor droplets is processed in a uniform melt state using microwave generated plasma. The plasma torch employed is capable of generating laminar gas flows and providing a uniform temperature profile within the plasma. Plasma exhaust products are quenched at high rates to yield amorphous products. Products of this process include spherical, highly porous and amorphous oxide ceramic particles such as magnesia-yttria (MgO—Y2O3). The present invention can also be used to produce amorphous non oxide ceramic particles comprised of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen which can be subsequently consolidated into super hard materials.

Abstract: A magnesium oxide powder having excellent dispersibility and a small average particle diameter as well as a uniform particle diameter and containing no very small size particles is obtained. A magnesium oxide powder which is particles, wherein the magnesium oxide powder has a BET specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more, a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 0.3 to 1.5 ?m, a ratio of a cumulative 90% particle diameter (D90) to a cumulative 10% particle diameter (D10) (D90/D10) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 5 or less, and a D10 of 0.1 ?m or more.

Abstract: Kainite mixed salt is treated with water to obtain solid schoenite and a schoenite end liquor. The latter is desulphated using recycled CaCl2 and thereafter evaporated to obtain camallite crystals, from which KCl is recovered, and a liquor rich in MgCl2. Gypsum produced during desulphatation is reacted with aqueous ammonia and CO2 to produce ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate is calcined to obtained CaO and CO2. The CaO is slaked and reacted with the MgCl2-rich liquor generated above to produce slurry of Mg(OH)2 in aqueous CaCl2. To this surface modifying agent is added while hot and, after cooling, the slurry yields surface modified Mg(OH)2. The filtrate rich in CaCl2 is recycled for desulphatation process above. The solid surface modified Mg(OH)2 may he calcined to produced MgO. The schoenite and KCl are reacted to produce solid sulphate of potash.

Abstract: A method is described for batchwise slaking of burnt lime in a slaker, in which a lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, comprising the following processing steps: emptying of finished slaked and diluted lime slurry from the slaker; automatic coupling of a control system for automatic operation after the wanted slaking temperature has been reached in the first batch; automatic regulation of the slaking temperature in the subsequent slurry batch; and automatic registering of the remaining amount of slurry in the slaker after complete dosing of lime.

Abstract: The present invention provides a redox-curing type composition that penetrates into a wet body, particularly into a tooth structure (dentin), is cured in an accelerated manner by the moisture contained in the wet body, thereby exhibits a higher bond strength than those of conventional redox-curing type compositions, and has satisfactory storage stability. The present invention is a redox-curing type composition including a polymerizable monomer (a) having an acidic group, a polymerizable monomer (b) having no acidic group, a powdery inorganic peroxide (c) with an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 50 ?m, an amine-based reducing agent (d), and a polymerization accelerator (e). The amine-based reducing agent (d) includes an aromatic amine (d?1) and an aliphatic amine (d?2), and a weight ratio (d?1):(d?2) therebetween is 5:1 to 1:50.

Abstract: A method is described for batchwise slaking of burnt lime in a slaker, in which a lime slurry is produced with a greater degree of fineness and prolonged sedimentation time, comprising the following processing steps: emptying of finished slaked and diluted lime slurry from the slaker; automatic coupling of a control system for automatic operation after the wanted slaking temperature has been reached in the first batch; automatic regulation of the slaking temperature in the subsequent slurry batch; and automatic registering of the remaining amount of slurry in the slaker after complete dosing of lime.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for calcining active lime, including a precalcining furnace for receiving limestone materials to be calcined and precalcining the limestone materials, and a rotary kiln for receiving the materials containing precalcined product from the precalcining furnace, outputting the formed active lime, and at the same time supplying a first flue gas to the precalcining furnace. The calcining system further includes a precalcining furnace combustion device, which generates a second flue gas and supplies it to the precalcining furnace, such that the limestone materials are precalcined in the precalcining furnace under the action of the first flue gas and the second flue gas. In this way, the precalcining rate of the limestone materials in the precalcining furnace is significantly improved.

Abstract: The current invention relates to a method of making metal oxide nanoparticles comprising the reaction of—at least one metal oxide precursor (P) containing at least one metal (M) with—at least one monofunctional alcohol (A) wherein the hydroxy group is bound to a secondary, tertiary or alpha-unsaturated carbon atom—in the presence of at least one aliphatic compound (F) according to the formula Y1—R1—X—R2—Y2, wherein—R1 and R2 each are the same or different and independently selected from aliphatic groups with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, —Y1 and Y2 each are the same or different and independently selected from OH, NH2 and SH, and —X is selected from the group consisting of chemical bond, —O—, —S—, —NR3—, and CR4R5, wherein R3, R4 and R5 each are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group with from 1 to 20 carbon atoms which optionally carries functional groups selected from OH, NH2 and SH.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for in-line production of milk of lime into an in-line production process of PCC arranged in connection with a fibrous web machine. In the solution, lime is slaked in a slaking apparatus at a temperature of at least 80 degrees. The produced milk of lime is cleaned by separating excessively large calcium hydroxide particles immediately prior to introducing the milk of lime into the production process of PCC. The milk of lime is introduced into the in-line production process of PCC located in the production line of the end or intermediate product of the fibrous web machine.

Abstract: Magnesium oxide powders having a large diameter of crystallite, and having a favorable crystallinity are provided. Magnesium oxide powders: having peak widths at half-height of the peaks on a (111) plane, a (200) plane and a (220) plane of each no greater than 0.20 degrees as determined with a powder X-ray diffraction method carried out using a Cu—K? ray; and having a crystallite diameter of no less than 700 ?.

Abstract: Magnesium hydroxide having a high aspect ratio, a production method thereof and a resin composition comprising the same. The method of producing the magnesium hydroxide having a long diameter (width) of not less than 0.5 pm and aspect ratio of not less than 10, comprising the steps of: (A) adding an alkali to and coprecipitating it with a mixed aqueous solution of a water-soluble magnesium salt and a monovalent organic acid or a salt thereof, or (B) adding an alkali aqueous solution to and coprecipitating it with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble magnesium salt and adding a monovalent organic acid or a salt thereof to the resulting product; and (C) hydrothermally treating the obtained slurry at 100° C. or higher.

Abstract: This application concerns methods and apparatus for use in industrial waste recovery operations such as recovery of non-consumed chemicals in industrial processes, with recovery of quick lime in a wood pulp process being an example. In some embodiments, methods comprise baking lime sludge in a kiln and controlling a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln to be above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge. Interaction of the vaporized sodium with SOx can deter accumulation of one or both of CaCO3 and CaSO4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln. In some embodiments, lime sludge can be rinsed to generate a filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH, and the filtrate can charge a scrubber for removing SOx from an exhaust from the kiln. Embodiments of co-fired burners for heating such kilns by burning petroleum coke and natural gas are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing calcium carbonate from lime comprises the steps of: (i) providing an aqueous solution comprising 10% to 35% by weight of dissolved polyhydroxy compound and 1% to 5% by weight of dissolved calcium hydroxide (expressed as Ca(OH)2) and having a pH of at least 11.5; (ii) treating the solution prepared in step (i) to remove solids including suspended solids; (iii) dispersing carbon dioxide through the solution so as to form calcium carbonate with a consequential reduction in the pH of the reaction mixture, (iv) during a time period beginning at the start of a sudden, short rise in pH and ended during a subsequent fall in pH but before it reaches 9.5 terminating the dispersion of carbon dioxide and adding an alkaline reagent to maintain a pH for the product mixture of at least 9.5, and (v) recovering precipitated calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are prepared by polymer templated methods and are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane and/or ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrogen production method includes: a first process in which nitrogen compounds of metal and water are reacted to produce ammonia and hydroxide of the metal; a second process in which hydrogen compounds of a metal and the ammonia produced in the first process are reacted; and a third process in which hydrogen compounds of a metal and the hydroxide of the metal produced in the first process are reacted.

Abstract: The invention provides a polycrystal magnesium oxide (MgO) sintered body which is capable of having a sintered density close to a theoretical density thereof. The MgO sintered body exhibits excellent mechanical properties and heat conductivity, while reducing contamination of an atmosphere due to gas generation. The invention also provides a production method for the sintered body. The polycrystal MgO sintered body has a unique crystalline anisotropy in which (111) faces are oriented along a surface applied with a uniaxial pressure at a high rate. The polycrystalline MgO sintered body is obtained by a method which includes the steps of: sintering an MgO raw material powder, having a particle size of 1 ?m or less, under a uniaxial pressure and then subjecting the sintered powder to a heat treatment under an atmosphere containing 0.05 volume % or more of oxygen, at a temperature of 1273 K or more for 1 minute or more.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures is disclosed in which a metal oxide sorbent, which is used to capture and release carbon dioxide, is recycled. The process incorporates the regeneration of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the metal oxide to maintain a high capture capacity over many cycles. The regeneration involves hydrating the metal oxide and then heating the resulting metal hydroxide under a gas atmosphere that is effective to suppress the dehydration of the hydroxide so that dehydration occurs at an elevated temperature. The regeneration may also be used independently from the carbon dioxide separation process to produce, from a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide having an enhanced resistance to attrition and fragmentation.

Abstract: A process for preparing magnesium compounds by precipitation, in which an aqueous solution or suspension of a magnesium compound is mixed with a precipitant and the corresponding magnesium compound is precipitated wherein the aqueous solution or suspension of a magnesium compound is obtained by reaction of an organomagnesium compound with an aldehyde or a ketone or another electrophile and subsequent aqueous workup of the reaction mixture at a pH of at most 10 or from a magnesium salt with a maximum calcium content and/or potassium content of 200 ppm, based on the magnesium salt used.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a magnesium oxide particle that can be used more suitably than common magnesium oxide in the application such as an exoergic filler and the like. A magnesium oxide particle having (median size)/(specific surface diameter obtained from specific surface area) ratio of 3 or less and D90/D10 of 4 or less is provided.

Abstract: An in-situ method for nanomixing magnesium aluminate spinel nanoparticles with a uniformly distributed controlled concentration of nanoparticles of an inorganic sintering aid, such as LiF, to produce ready-to-sinter spinel powder. The spinel-sintering aid nanomixture is formed by induced precipitation of the sintering aid nanoparticles from a dispersion of the spinel nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of the sintering aid, followed by separation, drying and deagglomeration of the spinel-sintering aid nanomixed product.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of calcium compounds having very low content of phosphorus and boron from an impure calcium chloride, solution containing phosphorus and boron, which method comprises the following steps: a) addition of a FeCl3-solution to the calcium chloride solution, b) adjusting the pH of the solution by addition of a base to between 3 and 9.5 for precipitation of iron hydroxide, iron phosphate and boron compounds, c) removal of the solid precipitate from the solution in step b) obtaining a purified calcium chloride solution, d) precipitation of a calcium compound from the solution from step c), and e) separation of the calcium compound from the solution in step d).

Abstract: A magnesium oxide powder having excellent dispersibility and a small average particle diameter as well as a uniform particle diameter and containing no very small size particles is obtained. A magnesium oxide powder which is particles, wherein the magnesium oxide powder has a BET specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more, a cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 0.3 to 1.5 ?m, a ratio of a cumulative 90% particle diameter (D90) to a cumulative 10% particle diameter (D10) (D90/D10) obtained in the measurement of laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution of 5 or less, and a D10 of 0.1 ?m or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an oxide containing a conductive mayenite type compound and having an electron concentration of 1×1018/cm3 or more, from a raw material which is a combination of a calcium compound and an aluminum compound or is a compound containing calcium and aluminum, each having a molar ratio of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide ranging from 9:10 to 14:5 in terms of the oxides, the method including the steps of: heating and holding the raw material at 900 to 1,300° C. to produce a calcined powder containing at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of a calcium aluminate, calcium oxide and aluminum oxide; and heating and holding the calcined powder at 1,200° C. to less than 1,415° C. under a reduction atmosphere in an inert gas atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere each having an oxygen partial pressure of 1,000 Pa or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a rapid and economical process for manufacturing a transparent, spinel based ceramic. A transparent body of sintered magnesium aluminate spinel having excellent optical and mechanical properties is provided in a single-stage thermal process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cathode active material for a lithium rechargeable battery, including: selecting a first metal compound from a group consisting of a halide, a phosphate, a hydrogen phosphate and a sulfate of Mg or Al; selecting a second metal compound from a group consisting of an oxide, a hydroxide and a carbonate of Mg or Al; combining the first metal compound and the second metal compound to obtain a metal compound, the metal compound containing either Mg or Al atoms; mixing a lithium compound, a transition metal compound and the metal compound to obtain a mixture; and sintering the mixture.

Abstract: Magnesium oxide (MgO) compounded into a polymer can subsequently be hydrated in-situ within the polymer to form magnesium hydroxide. In the case of silane-based or peroxide-based crosslinkable resins, the MgO hydration and polymer crosslinking can be done in a single process step, or in sequential steps. In the case of non-crosslinkable compounds, hydration can be carried out after compounding (no crosslinking step). In all cases, steam CV, sauna, or hot water bath are options for hydration. This approach enables preparation of polymer compounds that are flame retarded with metal hydrates yet free of the traditional limitations posed by shelf instability, extrusion scorch, undesired dehydration, and processing temperature limitations posed by metal hydrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of precipitation of metal ions. Mineral(s), oxide(s), hydroxide(s) of magnesium and/or calcium are adopted as raw materials, and the raw material(s) is processed through at least one step of calcination, slaking, or carbonization to produce aqueous solution(s) of magnesium bicarbonate and/or calcium bicarbonate, and then the solution(s) is used as precipitant(s) to deposit rare earth, such as nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, gallium, indium, manganese, cadmium, zirconium, hafnium, strontium, barium, copper and zinc ions. And at least one of metal carbonates, hydroxides or basic carbonates is obtained, or furthermore the obtained products are calcined to produce metal oxides. The invention takes the cheap calcium and/or magnesium minerals or their oxides, hydroxides with low purity as raw materials to instead common precipitants such as ammonium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate etc.

Abstract: Process for preparing a mixed metal oxide powder, in which oxidizable starting materials are evaporated and oxidized, the reaction mixture is cooled after the reaction and the pulverulent solids are removed from gaseous substances, wherein as starting materials, at least one pulverulent metal and at least one metal compound, the metal and the metal component of the metal compound being different and the proportion of metal being at least 80% by weight based on the sum of metal and metal component from metal compound, together with one or more combustion gases, are fed to an evaporation zone of a reactor, where metal and metal compound are evaporated completely under nonoxidizing conditions, subsequently, the mixture flowing out of the evaporation zone is reacted in the oxidation zone of this reactor with a stream of a supplied oxygen-containing gas whose oxygen content is at least sufficient to oxidize the starting materials and combustion gases completely.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a metal hydroxide fine particle, which can produce metal hydroxide fine particles with favorable crystallinity and small particle sizes. The present invention provides a method for producing a metal hydroxide fine particle by reacting a metal ion with a hydroxide ion in a solvent, which includes a mixing and reacting step of supplying the metal ion, the hydroxide ion, and a silane coupling agent to a reaction field to mix and react the ions.

Abstract: This invention refers to a novel process for obtaining high purity magnesium hydroxide from a solid starting material containing magnesium in the form of, and/or combined with, carbonates, oxides and/or hydroxides, either natural or synthetic. The process comprises leaching the starting material to dissolve the magnesium; the solution is treated with alkali to precipitate the high purity magnesium hydroxide, and the remaining mother liquor is fed to a regeneration step of both the alkali used in the precipitation of high purity magnesium hydroxide, and the acid for leaching. The process of the invention is characterized by recycling reactants (acid and alkali) regenerated in the same process.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic, nanoscalar particles comprising lipophilic hydrolyzable groups on their surface. The invention also relates to methods for producing amphiphilic, nanoscalar particles and to compositions containing said particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a magnesium oxide particle that can be used more suitably than common magnesium oxide in the application such as an exoergic filler and the like. A magnesium oxide particle having (median size)/(specific surface diameter obtained from specific surface area) ratio of 3 or less and D90/1)10 of 4 or less is provided.

Abstract: Methods for preparing high quality and high yields of nanocrystals, i.e., metal-oxide-based nanocrystals, using a novel solvent-free method. The nanocrystals advantageously comprise organic alkyl chain capping groups and are stable in air and in nonpolar solvents.

Abstract: A process of producing a ceramic powder including providing a plurality of precursor materials in solution, wherein each of the plurality of precursor materials in solution further comprises at least one constituent ionic species of a ceramic powder, combining the plurality of precursor materials in solution with an onium dicarboxylate precipitant solution to cause co-precipitation of the ceramic powder precursor in a combined solution; and separating the ceramic powder precursor from the combined solution. The process may further include calcining the ceramic powder precursor.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a continuous calcination vessel which can be used to prepare calcined chemically-treated solid oxides from solid oxides and chemically-treated solid oxides. A process for the continuous preparation of calcined chemically-treated solid oxides is also provided. Calcined chemically-treated solid oxides disclosed herein can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A method for calcining gypsum in a pressurized reactor by injecting combustion gases and air into the pressurized reactor to create a fluidized bed of gypsum, and heating the fluidized bed of gypsum in the pressurized reactor sufficiently to form a calcined hemihydrate.