Abstract: Methods and systems for producing lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate are described. One or more embodiments involve reacting potassium hydroxide with lithium chloride or lithium nitrate to create a reciprocal salt system, and precipitation to form lithium hydroxide and potassium chloride crystals, potassium nitrate crystals, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, lithium chloride feedstock, nitrate feedstock, or mixture thereof, is obtained by reacting lithium sulfate with calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or combination thereof. Additional embodiments include producing lithium carbonate, including, but not limited to, by reacting lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for water treatment are disclosed. The method includes steps of associating an iron anode and a cathode with a stream of water, forming an alkaline environment around the iron anode by injecting an alkaline electrolyte solution into the stream of water upstream of the anode. The method also includes generating a solution plasma in the stream of water by applying a potential difference between the iron anode and the cathode.

Abstract: Process for preparing pulverulent solids, in which one or more oxidizable and/or hydrolysable metal compounds are reacted in a high-temperature zone in the presence of oxygen and/or steam, the reaction mixture is cooled after the reaction, and the pulverulent solid is removed from gaseous substances, wherein at least one metal compound is introduced into the high-temperature zone in solid form and the evaporation temperature of the metal compound is below the temperature of the high-temperature zone.

Abstract: Multi-step metal compound oxidation process to produce compounds and enhanced metal oxides from various source materials, e.g. metal sulfides, carbides, nitrides and other metal containing materials with metal oxides from secondary reaction steps being utilized as an oxidation agent in the first reactions.

Abstract: A lithium-manganese oxide for use in a lithium secondary cell cathode, having a spinel structure expressed by a chemical compositional formula of LixMn2O4-zFz (1.12≦X≦1.20, 0<Z<0.16) and having a lattice constant ranging from 8.220 to 8.230 Å, the lithium-manganese oxide including electrolytic or chemically synthesized manganese dioxide, lithium salt, and fluoride.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive process for the preparation of lithium salts of formula LiX having a desired or required level of purity using lithium chloride and lithium sulfate. In the process of the invention, a lithium salt selected from lithium chloride, lithium sulfate, and combinations thereof is reacted with NaX or KX in a aqueous, semiaqueous, or organic solution and the precipitated salts are removed to obtain the LiX solution of desired purity. Preferably, a semiaqueous solution containing water and an organic solvent is used at some point in the reaction. The process of the invention eliminates the use of highly acidic materials and thus reduces the cost of raw materials and the need for specialized equipment.

Abstract: A process of preparation capable of easily preparing cathode materials having a homogeneous composition in a good mass productivity, a cathode material obtained by this process, and a secondary lithium ion battery using the cathode material. Aqueous solutions of each of a lithium salt, a transition metal salt, and a complexing agent are prepared and mixed in a stoichiometric ratio of a cathode material, and therefrom water is removed by spray-drying to give a precursor which is then sintered. High performance secondary lithium ion batteries are obtained by using the obtained cathode material in the positive electrode.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oxide (P), which includes the steps of (i) forming a solid phase compound (O) based on an oxide containing molecular entities (1) chosen from optionally substituted ammonium, diammonium, diazan-ium or diazandium, the entities being distributed within the solid matrix, and (ii) eliminating the entities (1) from the solid phase compound (O) by reacting the solid phase compound (O) with a gaseous stream containing a break-down reactant for the entities (1), and isolating the resulting solid material (P).

Abstract: High-purity, sintered spherical Li.sub.2 O granules is produced by a gel precipitation technique. Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 powder is dispersed in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble resin, whose drops are transferred through a nozzle into a solidifying acetone bath. Spherical gel particles in which Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 is dispersed are formed in the acetone bath. The spherical gel particles are dried, calcined, thermally decomposed and sintered.

Abstract: Metal oxides prepared by exchange reactions between organosemiconductor oxides (such as disiloxanes) and metal coordination compounds (such as neutral metal complexes, metal chelates and chlorometalates), metallic halides (such as zinc chloride), or organometallic compounds (such as methylithium) in inert environments and anhydrous solvents.

Abstract: Chlorate is removed from aqueous caustic soda by reducing with iron pentacarbonyl and separating off the resulting iron oxide containing precipitate.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of a metal salt solution is described which provides more economical products with higher quality than current processes. The process is safer, both to operating personnel and to the environment, than currently used processes. The process comprises feeding an aqueous metal compound slurry, e.g., a metal oxide/hydroxide slurry and a mineral acid, e.g., nitric acid, and water to a reactor which includes a zone of extreme mixing and agitation, most preferably a cross-pipe reactor provided with an optional static in-line mixer. A cross-pipe reactor provides complete and efficient reaction by providing greater surface area, high agitation and a long reaction time.

Abstract: A method to purify an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide by countercurrently contacting the ammonia and hydroxide, in a volume ratio of about 0.6 to 1 to about 1 to 1, in a packed bed. The temperature in the lower portion of an extractor in which the process is carried out is controlled and maintained within a range of at least about 155.degree. to about 170.degree. F.

Abstract: A substantially fuel-free oxygen-generating composition consisting essentially of an alkali metal chlorate which may contain a small amount of perchlorate, in combination with a catalytic amount in the order of about 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of cobalt oxide.

Abstract: Metal powders, metal oxide powders, and mixtures thereof of controlled particle size are provided by reacting an aqueous solution containing dissolved metal values with excess urea. Upon heating, urea reacts with water from the solution leaving a molten urea solution containing the metal values. The molten urea solution is heated to above about 180.degree. C. whereupon metal values precipitate homogeneously as a powder. The powder is reduced to metal or calcined to form oxide particles. One or more metal oxides in a mixture can be selectively reduced to produce metal particles or a mixture of metal and metal oxide particles.