Abstract: A process for preparing a composite for preventing the growth of bacteria, molds, fungi and viruses by dissolving a chlorite salt in a hydrophilic material, and then mixing the hydrophilic material with a hydrophobic material containing an acid releasing agent. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials are adjacent and substantially free of water, and the hydrophilic material is capable of releasing chlorine dioxide upon hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.

Abstract: A series of 1,3-propanediones having a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluorocycloalkyl group on one carbonyl, and a 3,5-disubstituted phenyl group on the other, are useful when administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites.

Abstract: A method of treating a population of social insects includes applying topically to the insect a composition comprising a carrier and an active ingredient. The composition provides a coating that adheres to the insect and is groomable and ingestible by other insects to distribute the active ingredient within the population. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the composition includes sulfluramid as an active ingredient and an air dryable resin as a carrier. A trap for collection of insects controls temperature within the trap to promote recruitment and also drive the insects to a collection area where they may be treated.

Abstract: Baits useful against diabroticine mature and immature beetles contain (a) an insecticide and (b) a feeding stimulant containing corn germ.

Abstract: Baits useful in the control of insect populations are made by a process that includes the steps of: (a) forming droplets of a homogeneous, substantially water-free mixture comprising: (i) 0.01-99 wt % of a feeding stimulant in the form of a finely divided particulate or liquid; (ii) 0.01-99 wt % of an insecticide; and (iii) a molten, polymeric binder composition that is solid at 25.degree. C. and exhibits a melting point within the range from about 35.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C.; and (b) making particulate baits from the droplets by cooling the droplets to a temperature below the melting point of the mixture. The absence of added water permits the use of active insecticidal ingredients that are generally temperature sensitive to the drying temperatures needed for commercial spray drying operations as well as those sensitive to the presence of water during extended storage and transport periods. The use of the present water-free process avoids hydrolysis of the active insecticide during those periods.

Abstract: Baits useful against diabroticine mature and immature beetles contain (a) an insecticide and (b) a feeding stimulant containing corn germ.

Abstract: Superabsorbent solid organic polymers which absorb over 100 times their weight in water are used in aquatic environment insect population control compositions. Methods for using the superabsorbent polymer insecticidal delivery agents for the control of aquatic environment insect populations, including mosquito population control methods, in an area needing aquatic environment insect population control treatment or in a dry area that is expected to need aquatic environment insect population control, are described.

Abstract: A solid pesticide composition such as a bait or granule which is made water resistant by coating the solid pesticide with a hydrophobic fatty acid poly ester of sucrose, sorbitol, sorbinose, glycerol and/or raffinose. The coated solid pesticide composition retains its palatability to the target pest.

Abstract: This invention is a delivery system to deliver biologics such as vaccines or chemicals such as chemosterilants, repellents, or toxicants to free-roaming or wild animals such as raccoons, dogs, or foxes, without capture or physical restraint. The biologic or chemical is placed in a water-proof ampule or capsule which is imbedded in a synthetic bait comprising attractants and other additives on a polymeric support. The product will stimulate the target species to chew sufficiently that the active agent will be expelled in the oralpharyngeal cavity, particularly against the buccal mucosa. The specific adaptations of the invention depend on the eating habits of the animal species targeted.

Abstract: An improved method is proposed for the preparation of a sex pheromone dispenser used in the elimination of pest insects from the field by the disruption of mating of the insects by distributing sustained-release dispensers containing the sex pheromone compound of the insect over the field. According to the invention, pheromone dispensers made from a polyolefin-based resin and filled with the liquid pheromone are subjected, prior to distribution over the field at a relatively low temperature in early spring, to a pretreatment of keeping them at 35.degree. to 60.degree. C. until the dispenser walls of the polyolefin resin absorb 2 to 10% by weight of the pheromone. When the dispensers after the pre-treatment are distributed, a relatively high rate of pheromone release can be obtained at the low temperature as compared with untreated dispensers so that the rate of pheromone release can be relatively uniform over the whole period of the season in which the pheromone dispensers are kept over the field.

Abstract: A foam carrier for a dust control agent and a biological control agent is provided to control fugitive dust dissemination and biological activity in bulk/granular solids.

Abstract: Fermentation product A83543, comprising major components A83543A and A83543D and minor components A83543B, A83543C, A83543E, A983543F, A83543G, A83543H and A83543J, is produced by a newly described species, Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The A83543 components and their acid-addition salts (A83543 compounds) are useful as insecticides, particularly against Lepidoptera and Diptera species. Insecticidal, miticidal or ecto-parasiticidal combinations, compositions and methods are provided.

Abstract: Compositions are described for repelling and killing insect pests, such as fire ants and mosquitoes. Methods for controlling insect pests are found useful when applied to surfaces. A method for controlling ants, preferably fire ants, uses compositions containing the secretion from the large wax glands of ticks.

Abstract: Baits for diabroticine beetles are microspherical particles containing a homogeneous mixture of a toxicant for diabroticine beetles and a feeding stimulant in a binder containing a gelatin and a gum. Preferred formulations include carbaryl and buffalo gourd root powder.

Abstract: Methods of effectively repelling vertebrates, especially rodents, from consuming or utilizing materials otherwise susceptible to such consumption or utilization, using at least one non-toxic rodent repellent compound selected from the group comprising acetophenone, 2-aminobenzyl alcohol, 2-amino-4'5'-dimethoxyacetophenone, anthranilamide, anthranilic acid, isobutyl anthranilate, 4-ketobenztriazine, meta-aminoacetophenone, meta-hydroxyacetophenone, meta-methoxyacetophenone, 2-methoxybenzoic acid, methylanthranilate, ortho-aminoacetophenone, ortho-hydroxyacetophenone, ortho-methoxyacetophenone, para-aminoacetophenone, para-hydroxyacetophenone, para-methoxyacetophenone, and veratryl amine, are provided herein. Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to materials and methods for reducing crop damage, feedlot depredation, and livestock disease attributed to rodent infestation.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting Listeria in a medium comprises adding to the medium an effective amount of tetrahydroisohumulone or hexahydrocolupulone or mixtures or salts thereof to inhibit any Listeria.

Abstract: A rodenticide bait block has a keyhole-shaped groove which can be formed by extrusion. A fastener, such as a nail, can be passed through the enlarged inner end of the groove and used to fasten the bait block to a surface. Various configurations are used for the external surface of the bait block to provide additional biting edges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cellular cellulosic material containing a biocide agent and to a process for preparing same. Characteristically, matrix type microparticles, containing at least one biocide agent, are distributed in the network of cellulose of said material, ensuring therein, in the presence of moisture or water, a controlled release of the biocide agent or agents.

Abstract: An effective, readily ingested molluscicidal bait poison includes an inert mollusc bait and two active ingredient precursors. These precursors are edible and non-toxic to terrestrial molluscs when consumed alone. However, the composition which includes the two precursors is fatally toxic to terrestrial molluscs. One precursor is a simple iron compound, while the other precursor is selected from edetic acid, its hydroxyethyl derivatives and salts of these acids. In another embodiment a single active ingredient may replace the two precursors. This active ingredient may include ferric edetate and the ferric hydroxyethyl derivative of edetic acid.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical preparation including a drug incorporated into hydrophobic particles comprised of long chain carboxylic acid or ester thereof or long chain alcohol, wherein the particles are incorporated into a unit dosage form and are individually coated with an enteric coating and/or the unit dosage form includes an enteric protective material.

Abstract: An effervescent liquid fish attractant that appeals to all of the senses of fish is disclosed. The fish attractant comprises an oil carrier liquid, scent or taste components, pigment components, light reflective particles, and CO.sub.2 gas-generating particles. The novel CO.sub.2 gas-generating particles comprise a weak organic acid and a base reagent, stabilized by a matrix forming polymer, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. A novel process for preparing the CO.sub.2 gas-generating particles in a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alcohol solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel insecticide derived from a neem seed extract comprising neem oil which is substantially free of azadirachtin, said neem oil being prepared by extracting dried, coarsely ground neem seeds with a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent to obtain a neem oil extract, and then removing the solvent to obtain the neem oil. These neem oil insecticides exhibit the ability to repel insects from plant surfaces and kill insect pests at various life stages.

Abstract: Novel fungicide compositions prepared from neem seeds are disclosed. Two distinct neem derived fungicides obtained non-polar, hydrophobic solvent neem seed extracts which are substantially free of azadirachtin, by removing the hydrophobic solvent and cooling the resulting neem oil to separate a semi-solid neem wax fraction and a clarified neem oil fraction.

Abstract: A novel insecticide derived from a neem seed extract comprising neem oil which is substantially free of azadirachtin, said neem oil being prepared by extracting dried, coarsely ground neem seeds with a non-polar, hydrophobic solvent to obtain a neem oil extract, and then removing the solvent to obtain the neem oil. These neem oil insecticides exhibit the ability to repel insects from plant surfaces and kill insect pests at various life stages.

Abstract: An insecticidal composition comprising a first composition having an effective amount of at least one species of entomopathogen distributed in a matrix. A second composition selected from vegetable oil, crop oil and partially hydrogenated oil containing mono- and di-glycerides surrounds the first composition and significantly prolongs nematode viability. The matrix is a nematode-containing macrogel or paste of partially hydrogenated oils containing mono- and di-glycerides. The macrogel matrix is selected from a continuous polymer macrogel or microcapsule-containing macrogel. Partially hydrogenated oils containing mono- and di-glycerides, (e.g., Crisco.RTM. shortening), can also be mixed with free nematodes to produce a paste formulation. Trapping nematodes in a Crisco.RTM. matrix formulation along with a water retentive polymer results in increased protection against desiccation and significantly prolongs viability during storage. An insect feeding stimulant, such as raffinose, may also be added to the mix.

Abstract: Undesired organisms, including insects, mites and fungi, may be combated by application of a liquid composition which comprises starch dextrin or an analogous derivative of amylopectin as an active ingredient. The aforementioned active ingredients may be used as the sole active ingredient or in combination with other active ingredients. Examples of undesired organisms which have been found to be affected are whiteflies, thrips, red spider mites, broadmites, cucumber powdery mildew and oat powdery mildew.

Abstract: A process incorporating a chlorine dioxide generating compound such as sodium chlorite into a polymer or oligomer film is coated onto various substrates. Controlled release is accomplished by absorption of moisture from the environment. The chlorine dioxide so released acts as a biocide and a fumigant. The chlorite is dissolved into a hydrogen bonded phase containing a monomeric, or polymeric amide or a monomeric or polymeric alcohol. This hydrogen bonded phase is then mixed with an incompatible apolar phase consisting of anhydride containing such as polymers such as maleic anhydride copolymers with olefins, grafted maleic anhydride-polypropylene polymers. Chlorine dioxide is released by direct reaction of the anhydride or hydrolyzed anhydride with the chlorite anion across the phase boundary. Increasing the molecular weight of the phases, increasing the phase incompatibility and decreasing the concentration of anhydride will all decrease the chlorine dioxide release rate.

Abstract: Improved encapsulated products comprising a matrix of a starch hydrolyzate acid ester having a water-insoluble material encapsulated therein. In preferred embodiments, a reducing sugar is employed in the encapsulating process and the starch hydrolyzate ester is refined and an acid in combination with an acid salt is used in forming the starch hydrolyzate acid ester.

Abstract: A coating composition to prevent cribbing by a horse includes a solvent, a carrier, a non volatile chemical and a pigment. The solvent comprises a combination of a higher aromatic solvent having a boiling point above 170.degree. Centigrade (380.degree. Fahrenheit), and crystals thereof combined with a carrier therefor. Further, non-volatile chemicals which would assist in penetration of a wood surface and in enhancing residual properties of the composition can be added to the base combination.

Abstract: The specification discloses an insecticidal bait composition for cockroaches and a related method of its use for the control of cockroach infestations. The composition contains boric acid in an amount between about 5 to about 40 wt. % based on the total weight of the composition together with an amount of attractant foodbaits for attracting the roaches to the composition so they will consume it. The preferred composition contains between about 30 and 35 wt. % boric acid and the foodbaits making up the remainder of the composition consist of crushed yellow onions and cane sugar each in an amount equal to about 12.5 wt. % of the remainder composition, and milk and flour each equal to about 37.5% of the remainder of the composition. The preferred composition has a gummy paste-like consistency and is particularly well-suited for application to cracks, crevices and other pest pathways.

Abstract: A bait composition in a tablet form, which comprises as the essential components (a) at least one insect-growth controlling agent selected from (a-1) insect juvenile hormone-like compounds and (a-2) insect chitin-synthesis inhibitors in a microencapsulated form and (b) dextrin, optionally with an additional or auxiliary agent(s).

Abstract: Novel fungicide compositions prepared from neem seeds are disclosed. Two distinct neem derived fungicides obtained non-polar, hydrophobic solvent neem seed extracts which are substantially free of azadirachtin, by removing the hydrophobic solvent and cooling the resulting neem oil to separate a semi-solid neem wax fraction and a clarified neem oil fraction.

Abstract: A composition is provided which serves as an antifeedant, preventing terrestrial molluscs from feeding upon living plants. The active ingredient, which may be present at concentrations of above 0.05% by weight, is a saponin-containing plant extract. At concentrations above about 0.15% by weight, the composition acts as a terrestrial molluscicide. Exemplary sources of the active ingredient include Yucca schidigera and Hedera helix. The composition may be a liquid or a dry powder, and various formulation enhancing agents may be added to the composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to insect control using compositions having attractants, feeding stimulants and toxicants compounded into plastic bait pellets. These pellets are easily handled for distribution in the field. Insects are attracted to the bait pellets, induced to feed and subsequently die. The pellets have the unique advantage of being relatively impervious to environmental conditions and non-polluting.

Abstract: A termiticide comprising, as an active ingredient, a polymer which comprises repeating units of the formula:--C.sub.x F.sub.2x O--wherein x is an integer of 1 to 4, or the formula:--CX.sub.1 X.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 O--wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, provided that X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are not fluorine atoms simultaneously, and has at least one polar group at polymer chain ends, which has no or little toxicity on the human beings or animals and long-lasting termiticidal effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for preparing coated microbial pesticides comprising antagonistic microorganisms and natural biopolymer originated from natural sources; and pesticides prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A functional food which comprises a glucosyltransferase and/or a fructosyltransferase each having a water-soluble polysaccharide production ability, and a base therefor.

Abstract: A bait composition comprising 3,5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate contained in a bait material, and useful for exterminating vermin by lure feeding.

Abstract: A degradable article comprising a polyurethane polymer gel or foam whose polymer structure contains hydrolytically unstable ester linkages and various additives. The article can be constructed so that some of the additives are released from the article at a sustained rate. In a preferred embodiment the additives are sensory stimulants for marine or aquatic organisms and the article is used as bait for those organisms. Such sensory stimulants can include high molecular weight thickeners, to impart a slippery texture.

Abstract: A degradable article comprising a polyurethane polymer gel or foam whose polymer structure contains hydrolytically unstable ester linkages and various additives. The article can be constructed so that some of the additives are released from the article at a sustained rate. In a preferred embodiment the additives are sensory stimulants for marine or aquatic organisms and the article is used as bait for those organisms.

Abstract: A granular substrate, and method for preparation thereof, is provided for use with herbicide, fungicide, and/or insecticide formulations, the substrate comprising an agglomerated grain dust and/or hulls in combination with a binder, particularly a lignosulfonate binder. The granular substrate can readily disintegrate when wetted or maintain its integrity under wetting conditions.

Abstract: Substituted (1.alpha.,2.beta.,3.alpha. or .beta.,4.alpha.,5.alpha. or .beta.)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentylamines are inhibitors of alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase and are useful immunostimulants, antiviral and antimetastatic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acaricidal composition for decontaminating bees parasitized by Varroa jacobsoni, and a device containing said composition suitable for installation in the hive. The composition according to the invention comprises an acaricide, a substance having properties attractive to bees and a neutral vehicle. It is applied using a semirigid support facilitating installation in the hive. The invention is applicable to the field of beekeeping.

Abstract: A formulated attractant for household flying pests and the optimal release rates have been found providing improved attractiveness when compared to prior art attractants including the use of fermented materials or hydrolyzed or other decomposed proteins. The attractant is pleasant and nontoxic to humans when used correctly, and is easily manufactured, stored and transported.

Abstract: An insecticidal bait composition and method of making same, the composition comprising between about 92.5% to 98% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of diatomaceous silica, crushed clamshells and mixtures thereof, the diatomaceous silica and/or clamshells being crushed to particles of a size of less than about 45 microns; between about 1.3% to 5% by weight honey; and between about 0.7% to 2.5% by weight paste yeast, the composition being prepared by agitating the ingredients of the composition together with water and drying the agitated ingredients to evaporate the water and crystallize the paste yeast and honey onto the particles. This composition is a safe insecticide, made from natural ingredients. It retains its potency well under external conditions including heat, cold and rain.

Abstract: A sustained release composition containing a chemical substance in a matrix. The matrix substantially comprises a hemicellulose extracted from wheat bran under alkaline conditions or a wheat bran extract containing the hemicellulose. The chemical substance is released at a controlled rate from the composition over a long period of time.

Abstract: Undesired organisms, including insects, mites and fungi, may be combated by application of a composition which comprises a carbohydrate, protein or glycoprotein, or a functionalized derivative of any of these, as an active ingredient. Examples of materials which have been found to have relevant activity are sucrose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch and dextrinised starch. Examples of undesired organisms which have been found to be affected are whiteflies, thrips, red spider mites, cucumber powdery mildew and oat powdery mildew.

Abstract: The invention comprises compositions in solid form of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with an effective amount of bioactive agent, a protein/carbohydrate-lipid source, 0 to 20% of an edible oil and optionally an attractant, dye, preservative, adversive agent and biomarker and the use, thereof, to control pests.

Abstract: A paste insecticide bait to be contained in a pressurized container, for dispensing a semi-solid bead of bait in cracks, crevices and the like for destroying insects, in particular cockroaches, said composition comprising an oil-in-water emulsion of a pentadienone toxicant/fatty acid mixture in a corn syrup solution, together with oatmeal and, optionally, titanium oxide.

Abstract: Slug populations can be controlled in minimum or no-tillage methods of crop production using .beta.-carboline carboxylic acids. These compounds and their analogs can be formulated into slug bait compositions for use in erradication of these crop pests. The compositions are extremely effective at luring slugs from crop plants to the bait as well as killing them.