Abstract: There is provided a bodily fluid simulant made from red blood cells in an amount between about 10 and about 60 weight percent, egg white in an amount between 20 and 50 weight percent, and plasma.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for preventing or substantially inhibiting the hemolytic activity of hemolysis inducing agents. The methods and compositions are based on the use of an anionic oligosaccharide, such as polysulfated cyclodextrin, to achieve the desired reduction in hemolytic active inducing agents.

Abstract: A cyanide-free lytic reagent composition and method for measuring the total hemoglobin concentration in a blood sample, for counting the number of leukocytes and for deferential counting of three leukocyte subpopulations including lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes are described. The cyanide-free lytic reagent composition includes a hemolytic surfactant chosen from quaternary ammonium salts, pyridinium salts, organic phosphate esters, and alkyl sulfonates to lyse erythrocytes and release hemoglobin, and an organic ligand chosen from triazole and its derivatives, tetrazole and its derivatives, alkaline metal salts of oxonic acid, melamine, aniline-2-sulfonic acid, quinaldic acid, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, triazine and its derivatives, urazole, DL-pipecolinic acid. isonicotinamide, anthranilonitrile, 6-aza-2-thiothymine, adenine, 3-(2-thienyl)acrylic acid, benzoic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts of benzoic acid, and pyrazine and its derivatives to form a stable chromogen with hemoglobin.

Abstract: A simple, inexpensive, physiologically compatible, cryopreservation solution which includes the innocuous components of (i) glycerol, (ii) an alkali metal chloride salt, (iii) a monosaccharide, and (iv) serum albumin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical composition for skin diseases, in particular to novel pharmaceutical composition useful for treatment of skin diseases; e.g. burns, wounds, general operative wounds, pernio, decubitus, folliculitis, impetigo, intertrigo, radiation ulcer, acne vulgaris or infectious eczematous dermatitis comprising deproteinized dialysate of calf's blood with tissue regenerative activity and aminoglycoside antibiotic with bacterial infection inhibitory activity as active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for detecting a mammal's prior exposure to radiation or radiomimetic agents. Labeled antibodies are employed to determine the quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal. The quantity of transferrin receptors on the red blood cells of the mammal is correlated to the mammal's prior exposure.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of cells, specifically red blood cells and platelets, and cell-like matter, which comprises the use of solution including a carbohydrate, and biocompatible polymers to permit reconstitution of transfusably useful cells which are viable by the measure of ATP and 2,3 DPG.

Abstract: A method for preparing treated naturally occurring or synthetic particles using a blood cell processor is provided. The method comprises adjusting the blood cell processor to allow a dispersion of such particles to come into contact with a treatment material in an amount and for a period of time sufficient to modify all or a portion of the surface of such particles. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises washing collected red blood cells; separating a selected volume of said washed red blood cells; and treating one portion of said separated washed cells with a selected proteolytic enzyme, to prepare a red blood cell reagent.

Abstract: Agents for inhibiting adsorption of proteins on the liposome surface and liposomes which are agglutination-free by binding said inhibiting agent on the surface are disclosed. The above-mentioned inhibiting agents comprise a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic macromolecular chain moiety. Adsorption of plasma proteins on the liposomes is inhibited due to the hydrophilic moiety exposed on the liposome surface with a result that agglutination of the liposomes in plasma is prevented. Therefore, there is no danger of embolism in blood vessels inhibiting blood flow when the liposomes are introduced into the living body. Accordingly, the liposomes are especially highly useful as artificial erythrocytes for which a large dose of liposomes is needed for administration.

Abstract: A method for enriching rare cell populations from a whole blood sample by separating rare cell fractions from whole according to the relative charge density and/or the relative binding affinity for a leukocyte depletion solid phase matrix. The enrichment method may be operated stand alone, or as a pre or post-processing step in conjunction with a charge-flow separation method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer membrane comprising the steps of: a) mixing a polymer selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and polylactide-co-glycolide with a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant; b) emulsifying an hemoglobin solution in the mixed solution of step a) to form particles of polymer membrane containing hemoglobin; c) solidifying the particles of step b) by adding cyclohexane; d) separating the solidified particles of step c) by centrifugation; and e) suspending the particles of step d) in a saline solution. In addition another approach uses alcohol-acetone. The biocompatible and biodegradable polymer membrane in accordance with the present invention contains from about 25 to 35% by weight of hemoglobin and has an average diameter from about 0.07 to 1.1.mu., preferably a submicron diameter of less than 0.2.mu..

Abstract: An anticoagulant solution of sodium citrate for use in blood chemistry-related techniques and apparatus is disclosed. The anticoagulant solution should include an effective concentration of sodium citrate sufficient for preventing the coagulation of a sample of blood employed in the technique or added to the apparatus. The sodium citrate-based anticoagulant solution should have a pH ranging from above 6.0 to about 8.5 and a sodium citrate concentration preferably ranging from about 0.05M to about 0.2M.

Abstract: A reagent for analyzing leucocytes comprises (a) at least one ionic surfactant, being either a cationic or an amphoteric surfactant, in an amount sufficient for lysing erythrocytes and causing damage to a part of cell membranes of leucocytes; (b) at least one organic compound having a hydrophobic group and an acidic group which has a negative charge in an aqueous solution in an amount sufficient for a preserving leucocyte morphology by combining with a cationic component in leucocytes; (c) a nonionic surfactant; and (d) a buffer for adjusting pH.

Abstract: This invention provides a method to therapeutically increase perfusion in a mammal comprising administering stroma-free hemoglobin at a dose ranging from the least amount effective to increase perfusion, up to a dose of about 2500 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Abstract: A method for prolonging storage shelf-life of red blood cells under refrigerated conditions includes separating plasma from the red blood cells while retaining residual plasma and adding a biologically compatible solution having an effective osmolality of less than 70 mOsm to the red blood cells. The biologically compatible solution preferably includes at least one penetrating solute that penetrates red cells more slowly than water and substantially no non-penetrating anions and non-penetrating non-electrolytes.

Abstract: A simple, inexpensive, physiologically compatible, cryopreservation solution which includes the innocuous components of (i) glycerol, (ii) an alkali metal chloride salt, (iii) a monosaccharide, and (iv) serum albumin.

Abstract: A method for isolating tissue repair promoting substances from human or animal blood, which method comprises collecting the human or animal blood from a single human or animal individual in a first container of a container system comprising at least first and second interconnected containers; centrifuging the container system containing the blood so as to separate the blood in various fractions including a plasma fraction; transferring at least part of the plasma fraction to the second container of the container system; subjecting the plasma fraction in the second container to a low temperature so as to obtain a precipitate comprising tissue repair promoting substances; concentrating the precipitate in the second container so as to obtain a first fraction comprising a major part of the non-precipitated material, and a second fraction comprising at least the major part of the precipitate and a minor part of the non-precipitated material; and separating the second fraction comprising the tissue repair promoting

Abstract: This invention provides methods for inactivating pathogenic contaminants in whole blood, plasma, cellular blood components, or in any combination thereof, by adding a phenthiazin-5-ium dye(s) thereto and irradiating said dye-containing composition for an effective length of time with light of wavelengths from 560 to 800 nm or red light, of an effective intensity, whereby the irradiation in conjunction with the dye(s) inactivate substantially all pathogenic contaminants contained therein. The methods of this invention inactivate pathogenic contaminants, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, without substantially altering the whole blood, plasma, cellular blood components, or combinations thereof, such that they are suitable for transfusion.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for assaying enzyme activity in a red blood sample. The method comprises these steps: (a) placing the following in a sample well: (1) a red blood sample containing an enzyme, (2) a substrate or substrates for the enzyme, (3) water, and (4) a buffer; (b) incubating the contents of the sample well for sufficient time and at sufficient temperature to allow for the formation of a fluorescent enzyme product should the enzyme be present in the red blood sample; (c) precipitating the hemoglobin; and (d) measuring the fluorescence of any fluorescent enzyme product formed in the sample well, directly from that sample well. The method of the invention may be used for assaying the activity of an enzyme, such as galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) or biotinidase, in a red blood sample.

Abstract: A hematology control product comprising leukocyte analogs and an aqueous solution of a plasma substance for use in a blood counting instrument is described. The instrument employs a lytic reagent system for the lysable red blood cells in the control product. The plasma substance is in an amount effective to enable the differentiation of each of said leukocyte analogs relative to the physical attributes of the analogs, said physical attributes of the analog are similar to human leukocytes. Preferably, the plasma substance comprises cholesterol or its derivatives.A method for using the cell suspension media comprising an aqueous solution of a plasma substance is also described. The method provides a quality control to determine whether an instrument is operating within manufacturer's specifications.

Abstract: Triterpenoid acid derivatives are described that exhibit dual pharmacophobic activities, specifically selectin ligand and leukotriene biosynthetic inhibitory activities, and that thus have significant applications for the treatment or prevention of certain diseases including cancer and diseases associated with the inflammatory process as well as applications for the diagnosis of disease.

Abstract: This invention provides a method to therapeutically increase perfusion in a mammal comprising administering stroma-free hemoglobin at a dose ranging from the least amount effective to increase perfusion, up to a dose of about 2500 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Abstract: The invention is a sterile, plasma-free storage medium for blood components including red blood cells and for platelets processed separately or together. The red cell storage medium includes adenine and a physiologically compatible, aqueous electrolyte solution. In one liter of this electrolyte solution there is between about 3.0 grams and about 25.0 grams of dextrose, between about 3.0 grams and about 6.0 grams of sodium citrate, and between about 2.0 grams and about 4.2 grams of sodium bicarbonate. The red cell storage medium is isotonic and has a pH in a range of between about 6.8 and about 7.4. The red cell storage medium is capable of storing and preserving red cells for at least 49 days.

Abstract: Method using CO for extending the useful shelf-life of refrigerated red blood cells. Carbon monoxide is utilized for stabilizing hemoglobin in red blood cells to be stored at low temperature. Changes observed in the stored cells are similar to those found in normal red cell aging in the body, the extent thereof being directly related to the duration of refrigerated storage. Changes in cell buoyant density, vesiculation, and the tendency of stored cells to bind autologous IgG antibody directed against polymerized band 3 IgG, all of which are related to red blood cell senescence and increase with refrigerated storage time, have been substantially slowed when red blood cells are treated with CO. Removal of the carbon monoxide from the red blood cells is readily and efficiently accomplished by photolysis in the presence of oxygen so that the stored red blood cells may be safely transfused into a recipient.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an essentially tetramer-free, essentially stroma-free, cross-linked, polymerized, pyridoxylated hemoglobin which comprises separating red blood cell stroma from blood by means of heat treating step to remove stromal contaminants and filtration or centrifugation or both, pyridoxylating, polymerizing, and removing essentially all of the remaining unmodified tetramer.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible amphipathic polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable cells.

Abstract: A method is provided for inactivating viral and/or bacterial contamination in blood cellular matter, such as erythrocytes and platelets, or protein fractions. The cells or protein fractions are mixed with chemical sensitizers and irradiated with, for example, UV, visible, gamma or X-ray radiation. In particular, quaternary ammonium or phosphonium substituted, halo-psoralen compounds are described as being useful.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of red blood cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable red blood cells.

Abstract: This invention provides a method to therapeutically increase perfusion in a mammal comprising administering stroma-free hemoglobin at a dose ranging from the least amount effective to increase perfusion, up to a dose of about 2500 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Abstract: A method for isolating tissue repair promoting substances from human or animal blood, which method comprises collecting the human or animal blood from a single human or animal individual in a first container of a container system comprising at least first and second interconnected containers; centrifuging the container system containing said blood so as to separate the blood in various fractions including a plasma fraction; transferring at least part of the plasma fraction to said second container of the container system; subjecting the plasma fraction in said second container to a low temperature so as to obtain a precipitate comprising tissue repair promoting substances; concentrating said precipitate in said second container so as to obtain a first fraction comprising a major part of the non-precipitated material, and a second fraction comprising at least the major part of the precipitate and a minor part of the non-precipitated material; and separating said second fraction comprising the tissue repair pro

Abstract: A method for preparation in a large quantity of human serum albumin-sensitized sheep erythrocytes is described. The sensitized cells are useful for detecting Hepatitis B virus pre-S.sub.2 antigen. The method uses human serum albumin sensitized glutaraldehyde-fixed, sheep erythrocytes in the presence of chromium chloride.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method for prolonging the shelf life of transfusible red blood cells by decreasing the effective osmolality of the suspending solution and increasing the intracellular pH of the cells prior to storage thereof. This invention also provides methods whereby the intracellular pH may be increased. These methods include collecting the cells in an anticoagulant at pH 7.0 or higher and/or washing, diluting or resuspending the cells prior to storage thereof in a biologically compatible buffered solution that contains at least one non-penetrating or substantially non-penetrating anion or non-electrolyte and is substantially free of chloride ions.

Abstract: The invention is a sterile, plasma-free storage medium for blood components including red blood cells and for platelets processed separately or together. The red cell storage medium includes a physiologically compatible, aqueous electrolyte solution. In one liter of this electrolyte solution there is between about 3.0 grams and about 25.0 grams of dextrose, between about 3.0 grams and about 6.0 grams of sodium citrate, and between about 2.0 grams and about 4.2 grams of sodium bicarbonate. The red cell storage medium is isotonic and has a pH in a range of between about 6.8 and about 7.4. The red cell storage medium is capable of storing and preserving red cells for at least 49 days.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composition comprising a permeabilizing agent, a preserving agent, and a buffered solvent. This composition is used to prepare the cells for lyophilization cells and to rehydrate the cells to recover them from lyophilization.The process of this invention comprises adding the permeabilizing agent and the preserving agent in a buffered solution to red blood cells, agitating the combination for a period of time sufficient to allow permeation of the preserving agent into the cell, shell freezing the mixture, and lyophilizing the mixture. The dry lyophilized material can then be stored. The cells can be rehydrated using the same composition of permeability agent, preserving agent and buffered solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and method for improving the storage of platelets and optimizing the viability of stored platelets. The present invention allows platelets to be stored in plasma for extended periods, without the addition of buffer, by adding acetate to a platelet concentrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the product produced by inactivating extracellular lipid enveloped pathogenic virus or intracellular pathogenic virus in a composition containing >1.times.10.sup.9 cells/ml and said virus without incurring substantial disruption or inactivation of such cells, the inactivation process comprising contacting the composition with a virucidally effective amount of at least one photoreactive compound having an absorption maximum of .gtoreq.630 nm, light and an oxidizer, thereby substantially to inactivate the virus with retention of cell functionality, greater than 80%. The present invention also concerns the product produced by inactivating virus in a biological composition without incurring substantial disruption or inactivation thereof, the inactivation process comprising contacting said composition with a virucidally effective amount of at least one photoreactive compound, light, and a quencher thereby to inactivate said virus while retaining functionality of said substance.

Abstract: A method for isolating tissue repair promoting substances from human or animal blood which comprises collecting the human or animal blood from a single human or animal individual in a first container of a container system comprising at least a first and second interconnected containers; centrifuging the container system containing the blood so as to separate the blood in various fractions including a plasma fraction; transferring at least part of the plasma fraction to the second container of the container system; subjecting the plasma fraction in the second container to a low temperature so as to obtain a precipitate comprising tissue repair promoting substances; concentrating the precipitate in the second container so as to obtain a first fraction comprising a major part of the non-precipitated material; and separating the second fraction comprising the tissue repair promoting substances from said first fraction within the second container; and optionally heating the second fraction within one of the contai

Abstract: The treatment of blood plasma to inactivate or destroy infective viruses, such as the cytomegalovirus CMV, by mixing the plasma with an effective amount of glycyrrhizic triterpenoid compounds is disclosed. Detergents, glycerol or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid can be added to augment the affect of the glycyrrhizic triterpenoid compounds.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of red blood cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and biocompatible amphipathic polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable red blood cells. Also disclosed are lyophilized and reconstituted erythrocyte and hemosome containing compositions.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of red blood cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable red blood cells.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the freezing of red blood cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible amphipathic polymers to permit the thawing without washing to produce viable red blood cells.

Abstract: A transfusion blood product container for the introduction of one or more blood products, such as whole blood, platelet concentrations, leukocyte concentrations, plasma, phasma derivatives, whole blood fractions, and combinations thereof, for transfusing the patient and an amount of one or more glycyrrhizic triterpenoid compounds sufficient to comprise from 0.05 to 10.0 wt/%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 3 wt/%, of the contents of the container when full of the blood product(s), sufficient to substantially inactivate viruses contained in the blood product introduced into said container is disclosed. One or more additional products are added to the glycyrrhizic triterpenoid compounds to produce a synergistic affect.

Abstract: The treatment of blood product to inactivate or destroy infective viruses found in animal fluids and tissues, such as the cytomegalovirus, by mixing the blood product with an effective amount of glycyrrhizic triterpenoid compounds in combination with albumin is disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions for cryopreservation of phosphoglyceride-containing biological and synthetic membranes are provided in which a lipophilic anchor molecule is modified by the attachment of a preferably carbohydrate moiety placed at a predetermined, variable distance from the hydrophobic portion of the molecule by means of a hydrophilic linker unit. A method for the use of the compositions is also provided.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and/or biocompatible amphipathic polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable cells.

Abstract: A process and medium are disclosed for the lyophilization of red blood cells which comprises the use of solutions including monosaccharide hexoses and pentoses, and biocompatible polymers to permit the reconstitution of viable red blood cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing naphthoic acid derivatives and method of use for enhancing oxygen availability to mammailian tissue.

Abstract: The invention is a sterile, plasma-free storage medium for blood components including red blood cells and for platelets processed separately or together. The red cell storage medium includes a physiologically compatible, aqueous electrolyte solution. In one liter of this electrolyte solution there is between about 3.0 grams and about 25.0 grams of dextrose, between about 3.0 grams and about 6.0 grams of sodium citrate, and between about 2.0 grams and about 4.2 grams of sodium bicarbonate. The red cell storage medium is isotonic and has a pH in a range of between about 6.8 and about 7.4. The red cell storage medium is capable of storing and preserving red cells for at least 49 days. The medium can also contain adenine.

Abstract: It is well known that the transfusion of human blood and blood components carriers with it a substantial risk of transmission of AIDS and many other diseases. This disclosure describes a method of disinfecting red blood cells to make them safer for human transfusion, while maintaining their biologic activity. A sterilizing solution is prepared from, e.g., a commercially available disinfectant (LD.TM. Alcide Corporation) containing primarily lactic acid and sodium chlorite. Normal saline solution is used as diluent instead of distilled water. The red cells are exposed to the disinfectant for a time sufficient to inactivate or reduce the infectivity of disease agents. The normal-saline environment prevents or deters hemolysis. The blood cells are then washed with normal saline solution until the disinfectant concentration is insignificant. The blood is then safe for human transfusion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particles by means of a contra-flow centrifuge, wherein a monitor system is used to analyze or control the separation process. The monitor system used impinges a monochromatic light beam on a sample of the separated particles, and measures the light scattering not only in the beam-forward direction, but also in the beam-reverse and beam-lateral directions. This reduces the processing time and increases the reliabiity of output data.