Abstract: Compositions comprising silica particles having a mean size by standard particle sizing of between 0.5 nm and 20 nm are described for used in activating lymphocytes in culture or in whole blood.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnesium-containing oxytocin peptide formulations or compositions comprising an oxytocin peptide and a magnesium salt that produces synergistic analgesia when used in treating pain. Also disclosed are methods for the treatment of pain (such as migraine headache) comprising co-administration of an oxytocin peptide and a magnesium salt.

Abstract: Methods for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders or attenuating pain with a lithium benzoate compound.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of increasing or enhancing the synthesis and levels of phospholipids, synapses, synaptic proteins, and synaptic membranes by a neural cell or brain cell; methods of treating a subject with a memory disorder, memory impairment, neurological disorder, or brain disease or disorder, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an omega-3 fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, uridine, a metabolic precursor thereof, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for minimizing or preventing the induction of stress-related or stress-induced inappetance or inanition in an animal selected for a marketing or management practice.

Abstract: Methods for detecting abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or predisposition to AAA in a apoE subject, methods for monitoring the efficacy of treatment of AAA in a subject, and methods for evaluating the severity of AAA or risk of AAA in a subject involve measuring the amount of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) present in the test sample and comparing it to the amount of H4B present in a standard or previous test sample. A decreased amount of H4B present in the test sample compared to the standard is indicative of AAA or predisposition to AAA. Treatment can be administered to the subject prior to a second time point, and an increased amount of H4B present in the second test sample compared to the first test sample is indicative of effective treatment of AAA. Candidates can be identified for further testing or monitoring for AAA, and/or for treatment for AAA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating drug addiction comprising herb Gelsemium elegans Benth. and the flower of herb Datura metel L., and optionally any pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the weight/weight ratio of the raw material of Gelsemium elegans Benth. to the raw material of the flower of Datura metel is from 2:1 to 6:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-based biocompatible non-cytotoxic preparation for the selective staining of internal limiting membrane (ILM) and/or epiretinal membranes (ERM) in the human or animal eye, and to a kit containing said water-based preparation according to the invention.

Abstract: Methods of using a polymeric composition are described for preventing or reducing the signs of aging. The polymeric composition can include a polymer matrix and one or a plurality of mineral filler(s), uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix, having properties of absorption and/or emission in the far infrared region ranging from 2 ?m to 20 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for increasing retrovirus transcription in an infected eukaryotic cell, comprising increasing Wnt pathway signaling in said cell such that transcription of said retrovirus is increased. Also, the present invention relates to a method of treating a subject infected with a retrovirus, said method comprising administering to said subject an activator of the Wnt pathway in an amount that increased Wnt pathway signaling in resting memory CD4+ T cells of said subject such that the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) in said cells is activated or de-repressed.

Abstract: A generally non-acidic hemostatic agent, having a relatively neutral pH comprising a magnesium compound, such as a magnesium chloride, a magnesium sulfate and/or a magnesium acetate based compound. The resultant agent is generally less caustic than previous agents, when using a similar amount of active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of suppressing appetite or promoting a stimulant effect in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual per 24 hour period an effective amount of one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or more sources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sources of lithium, and combinations thereof. The present invention further relates to weight loss or stimulant compositions comprising one or more alkali metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peritoneal dialysis fluid comprising a compound inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 activity, in particular (GSK)-3? activity, for use in the prevention of infectious and non-infectious peritoneal complications such as peritonitis, peritoneal membrane injury, damage and failure, barrier dysfunction and mesothelial cell detachment.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for increasing CD4+ cell count in mammals, preferably by at least 25%, while undergoing treatment for various conditions whose treatment can have detrimental effects on immune system function. Such conditions include, but are not limited to, HIV infection, cancer, and hepatitis. The compositions include alpha lipoic acid; acetyl L-carnitine; N-acetyl-cysteine; and optionally: zinc, selenium, vitamin C, bioflavinoid complex, vitamin E, co-enzyme Q10, glutathione, beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacinamide, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, vitamin B12, copper, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution for peritoneal dialysis, consisting of at least two single solutions which are combined after a heat sterilization and are administered to a patient, the first single solution containing an osmotic and the second single solution containing a buffer, and one of these single solutions or another single solution containing electrolyte salts. Glucose-like degradation and hydrolysis is avoided during sterilization and storage, while maintenance of a neutral mixture pH is achieved by the osmotic comprising a glucose polymer and/or glucose polymer derivative, and the pH of the first single solution being between 3.5 and 5.0. The present invention further discloses a twin-chambered pouch consisting of a plastic pouch with at least one first chamber and a second chamber, the first single solution being included in the first chamber and the second single solution being included in the second chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to compositions and methods for amelioration chronic renal failure and related symptoms in domestic animals. In one case, the present invention is directed to a composition for the treatment of chronic renal failure in a domestic animal or symptoms related to chronic renal failure. The composition comprises a Fruit- and Vegetable-Based Additive. In another case, the present invention is directed to a composition for the treatment of chronic renal failure in a domestic animal or symptoms related to chronic renal failure. The composition comprises a Cesium and/or Rubidium salt. In another case, the present invention is directed to a composition for the treatment of chronic renal failure in a domestic animal or symptoms related to chronic renal failure. The composition comprises a Dehydrated Domestic Animal Food and a Phosphate Binder.

Abstract: A stable aqueous solution of sodium pyruvate for medical use, which contains 10-1,200 mM sodium pyruvate and a stabilizer of sodium pyruvate, wherein the said stabilizer is H+ which leads to pH 3.0-6.0 or NaCl which provides at least 20 mM Na+.

Abstract: 2:1 cocrystals of amino acids and Li+ salts crystallize from hot water to afford water stable cationic networks based upon tetrahedral lithium cations: bilayered square grids, a lithium zeolitic metal-organic material (LiZMOM) and several lithium diamondoid metal-organic materials (LiDMOMs). The compositions may be used as a pharmaceutical for the treatment of suicidality and other disorders that require lithium to penetrate the blood brain barrier and exert therapeutic effects in the CNS. Advantageously, the novel cocrystal forms described herein may be used to lower the oral dose required to achieve therapeutic concentrations of lithium in the brain, thus reducing the peripheral toxicity and potentially broadening the therapeutic index in comparison to conventional lithium forms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of suppressing appetite or promoting a stimulant effect in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual per 24 hour period an effective amount of one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of one or more sources of cesium, one or more sources of rubidium, one or more sources of lithium, and combinations thereof. The present invention further relates to weight loss or stimulant compositions comprising one or more alkali metals.

Abstract: Novel multi-component formulations, procedures and methods for use in treating neuropathology and neurodegeneration incident to trauma are provided. Multi-component formulations of the invention comprise biologically active forms of any two, any three, or all four of at least one neurosteroid or neuroactive steroid, such as progesterone or synthetic progestin, at least one anti-epileptic or anticonvulsant, such as gabapentin, pregabalin or valproic acid, at least one NK-1 receptor antagonist, such as aprepitant, casopitant or vestipitant, at least one lithium-containing or lithium-related drug. The provided formulations are configured or adapted to prevent or reduce the incidence and severity of neurological damage caused by trauma, or the risk of such damage.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter relates generally to the fields of molecular biology and medicine. More particularly, it concerns methods involving the use of GSK3 inhibitors in combination with radiation therapies. In some embodiments, administration of a GSK3 inhibitor to a subject results in an amelioration of cognitive decline, toxicity to vascular endothelial cells, and/or neuron death associated with radiation therapy alone.

Abstract: The invention is based on the surprising finding that treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and an autophagy inducer effectively inhibit the continued growth of, and prevent the recovery following drug withdrawal, of cancer cells. In vivo, drug resistance from a failure to adequately engage in apoptotic programmed cell death leads to a recurrence of cancer and tumours can remain dormant for periods of time before re-emerging as drug resistant metastases. It has been hypothesised that autophagy (Type II cell death) may help cancer cells survive in response to growth limiting conditions, such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, absence of growth factor, or presence of cytotoxic drug. LiCl is a known autophagy inducer and accelerates cell survival to autophagic programmed cell death.

Abstract: A drug delivery system for the controlled release of a pharmaceutically-active compound by oral route comprises an intercalate of a layered double hydroxide having, before intercalation, layers of metal hydroxides, and having intercalated therein a pharmaceutically-active compound having at least one anionic group. A preferred layered double hydroxide is one that has layers which comprise [LiAl2(OH)6]+. The drug delivery system has use in the delivery of drugs such as 4-biphenylacetic acid, Diclofenac, Gemfibrozil, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, 2-Propylpentanoic acid and Tolfenamic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer. In particular, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical agent comprising strontium, amino acid(s) and mineral element(s), and its use in the preparation of an agent useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer. The invention also relates to a method for treatment and prophylaxis of cancer.

Abstract: An assay for a GCH1 allele and associated genotype for the screening, prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and treatment response of psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, and for defining treatments of such disorders. The presence of a variant in the GCH1 gene, alone or in conjunction with a measurement of low or altered biopterin, or altered BH4 system measures, is used to screen or diagnose subjects at risk for developing a psychiatric, neuropsychiatric, or neurological disorder. The genetic assay, with or without a biopterin or BH4 system assay, may also be used to determine treatment regimens. For subjects with an impaired BH4 system, treatments to increase or normalize biopterin, BH4, or the BH4 system can also be used, such as BH4 supplementation, lithium treatment, phenylalanine treatment, or other treatments and therapies.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treatment comprising reducing therapy-induced adverse effects (TIAE), including chemotherapy-induced adverse effects (CIAE), such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and/or chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular adverse effects (CICAE) in a subject being treated with a CIAE-inducing anti-cancer active ingredient by co-administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a NCS-1-protective composition. Related pharmaceutical compositions, diagnostics and screening techniques are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to lyophilized pharmaceutical compositions comprising polymeric nanoparticles which, upon reconstitution, have low levels of greater than 10 micron size particles. Other aspects of the invention include methods of making such nanoparticles.

Abstract: Administering a therapeutically effective dose of lithium ions mitigates the side effects of a psychoactive substance such as a cannabinoid. The therapeutically effective dose of lithium ions includes greater than 4 milligrams of lithium and less than 170 milligrams of lithium, or includes between 8 and 32 milligrams of lithium ions per milligram of the psychoactive substance. The therapeutically effective dose of lithium ions is administered using lithium carbonate, lithium citrate, lithium chloride, lithium orotate, lithium aspartate, or analogs thereof using a delivery vehicle selected from pills, tablets, capsules, gelcaps, liquids, syrups, injectable liquids, powders, or foods and administered prior to, with, or after administration of the psychoactive substance. The psychoactive substance includes one or more of anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol ether, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabidiol, or analogs thereof and may be administered using the delivery vehicle.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating skin conditions in animals, which tend to have higher skin pH than humans, including wounds, ulcers, rashes, burns, abrasions, and other irritations and relevant injuries are provided. The invention contemplates the use of an aqueous or emollient medium having non-occlusive properties with one or more pH raising ingredients in a composition specifically designed to deliver oxygen to the skin's surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to lyophilized pharmaceutical compositions comprising polymeric nanoparticles which, upon reconstitution, have low levels of greater than 10 micron size particles. Other aspects of the invention include methods of making such nanoparticles.

Abstract: Methods of preserving fresh produce with a produce preservative which extends the shelf life of fresh produce, particularly cut fresh produce, and preserves the texture, flavor, appearance, crispness, and color of the fresh produce, particularly the exposed surface of the fresh produce, are provided. The method comprises: providing a solution of produce preservative comprising: water; a preservative cation which is selected from the group consisting of a strontium ion, lithium ion, barium ion, aluminum ion, copper ion, ammonium ion, iron ion, manganese ion, potassium ion, or mixtures thereof; and ascorbate ions, or erythorbate ions; wherein the ascorbate ions or erythorbate ions and the preservative cation are present in an ion ratio of preferably from 0.2:1 to 8:1, more preferably 0.75:1 to 8:1, even more preferably from 1:1 to 4:1, yet more preferably 1.5:1 to 3:1; most preferably 1.1:1 to 2.5:1; and, applying said produce preservative to the produce.

Abstract: Topical formulations containing aqueous-soluble divalent strontium cation in a suitable topical keratinized skin formulation vehicle, and methods of using these formulations to inhibit skin irritation in keratinized skin, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are formulations of fluoroquinolones suitable for aerosolization and use of such formulations for aerosol administration of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials for the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. In particular, inhaled levofloxacin specifically formulated and delivered for bacterial infections of the lungs is described. Methods include inhalation protocols and manufacturing procedures for production and use of the compositions described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are formulations of fluoroquinolones suitable for aerosolization and use of such formulations for aerosol administration of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials for the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. In particular, inhaled levofloxacin specifically formulated and delivered for bacterial infections of the lungs is described. Methods include inhalation protocols and manufacturing procedures for production and use of the compositions described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are formulations of fluoroquinolones suitable for aerosolization and use of such formulations for aerosol administration of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials for the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. In particular, inhaled levofloxacin specifically formulated and delivered for bacterial infections of the lungs is described. Methods include inhalation protocols and manufacturing procedures for production and use of the compositions described.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for facilitating cleansing of the gastrointestinal tract of a patient prior to a diagnostic, surgical or therapeutic procedure. The methods can improve patient compliance, and thus, efficacy of the preparation. Specifically, the present methods make the gastrointestinal tract preparation composition palatable for the patient to consume. For example, for a patient preparing to undergo colonoscopy, the present methods make the bowel preparation solution taste significantly less salty.

Abstract: The invention is based on the surprising finding that treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and an autophagy inducer effectively inhibit the continued growth of, and prevent the recovery following drug withdrawal, of cancer cells. In vivo, drug resistance from a failure to adequately engage in apoptotic programmed cell death leads to a recurrence of cancer and tumours can remain dormant for periods of time before re-emerging as drug resistant metastases. It has been hypothesised that autophagy (Type II cell death) may help cancer cells survive in response to growth limiting conditions, such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, absence of growth factor, or presence of cytotoxic drug. LiCl is a known autophagy inducer and accelerates cell survival to autophagic programmed cell death.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating wounds, decubitus ulcers, diaper rash, burns, abrasions, and other irritations and relevant injuries are provided. The invention contemplates in one embodiment the use of an aqueous or emollient medium having one or more pH raising ingredients in a composition specifically designed to deliver oxygen to the skin's surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved compositions for controlling marine pest anemones, to methods of application of same, and to kits for the convenient dispensing of such compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising a modulator of the Wnt/?-catenin pathway, such as a GSK-3 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof either with a benzamide derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or with a hydroxamic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention is also directed to a method of treating bipolar disorder in a subject by administering either a benzamide derivative or a hydroxamic acid to the subject under conditions effective to treat a bipolar disorder. A modulator of the Wnt/?-catenin pathway, such as a GSK-3 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may also be administered to a subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to lyophilized pharmaceutical compositions comprising polymeric nanoparticles which, upon reconstitution, have low levels of greater than 10 micron size particles. Other aspects of the invention include methods of making such nanoparticles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are formulations of fluoroquinolones suitable for aerosolization and use of such formulations for aerosol administration of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials for the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections. In particular, inhaled levofloxacin specifically formulated and delivered for bacterial infections of the lungs is described. Methods include inhalation protocols and manufacturing procedures for production and use of the compositions described.

Abstract: In various embodiments methods of delaying the onset of and/or mitigating the severity of one or more symptoms of Parkinson's disease in a mammal are provided. In certain embodiments the methods involve administering to a mammal diagnosed as having or as at risk for Parkinson's disease a chronic low dose of lithium (e.g., a subtherapeutic dose). In certain embodiments the low dose lithium is administered in conjunction with another agent (e.g., L-DOPA).

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing conditions such as diaper rash and atopic dermatitis are disclosed. The compositions and methods are particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper rash and diaper dermatitis caused by the prolonged contact of human skin with body waste. The methods employ the topical application of a trypsin-inhibiting agent to the area in need of such treatment, or the area where prevention is desired. The trypsin-inhibiting agent is preferably a divalent cation/anion pair.

Abstract: Dialysis solutions comprising pyrophosphates and methods of making and using the dialysis solutions are provided. In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis solution comprising a stable and therapeutically effective amount of pyrophosphate. The dialysis solution can be sterilized, for example, using a technique such as autoclave, steam, high pressure, ultra-violet, filtration or combination thereof. The dialysis solution can be in the form of a concentrate.

Abstract: Methods of preparing bioactive composites are described. Also described are methods of molding such composites. Shaped bodies comprising bioactive composites are further described.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic derivatives of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or polymorph thereof, including all tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, wherein Ra, n, R1 and R2 are as defined herein, as inhibitors of glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5).

Abstract: Provided is an efficient method of inducing differentiation of a pulp cell into an odontoblast. Also provided is an agent for inducing differentiation capable of inducing differentiation into an odontoblast efficiently. The method of inducing differentiation of a pulp cell into an odontoblast includes using a substance capable of activating a Wnt signaling pathway. Further, the agent for inducing differentiation includes a substance capable of activating a Wnt signaling pathway. Specifically, the substance capable of activating a Wnt signaling pathway is any one selected from sodium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, lithium chloride, Norrin, and R-Spondin2.

Abstract: Novel 5-HT3 receptor modulators are disclosed. These compounds are used in the treatment of various disorders, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative nausea and vomiting, and irritable bowel syndrome. Methods of making these compounds are also described in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a latent neural stem cell population which is capable of activation by membrane depolarization of a neural cell population, isolation and culture of same, and uses thereof.