Abstract: A melt of a material is cooled and a sheet of the material is formed in the melt. This sheet is transported, cut into at least one segment, and cooled in a cooling chamber. The material may be Si, Si and Ge, Ga, or GaN. The cooling is configured to prevent stress or strain to the segment. In one instance, the cooling chamber has gas cooling.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable polylactic acid (PLA) film and a method of its manufacture are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the PLA films exhibit heat-induced shrinkage in the transverse direction with little to no concomitant shrinkage in the machine direction. The films may comprise any grade of PLA polymer, optionally including additives, such as antiblock, slip, plasticizers, viscosity enhancers and combinations thereof. A method of cast and tenner manufacture is disclosed, which includes a temperature conditioning step.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an extrusion die and further includes a main or primary extruder for the supply of material, such as low density polyethylene, to form the tubing for the manufacture of reclosable packages, bags or pouches. The apparatus further includes at least one secondary extruder, or co-extruder, for the extruding of each reclosable profile onto the tubing. The speed of the co-extruders is controlled so as to control the extrusion of the reclosable profiles.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes compositions, devices, systems, and methods for producing films which simplify the application process by eliminating the need to stretch film before it is wrapped around a load. Such films also provide enhanced load containment and increased resistance to punctures and breaks. In particular, the present disclosure relates to the use of selected resins and an angled die to increase the level of orientation in the film as it is formed.

Abstract: A film manufacturing apparatus includes a feed device, a take-up device, and a processing unit to perform a predetermined process for a film. The feed device, the take-up device, and the processing unit are arranged in vacuum chambers having opening portions through which a film can pass. Each opening portion includes a gate valve that can hermitically seal the vacuum chamber by sealing the film while clamping it. A recess portion is formed in the seal member of the valve body of each gate valve. The recess portion has a linear portion that is a size larger than the width of the film in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction of the film and the moving direction of the valve body.

Abstract: In a sheet forming device having a supplying unit (1) for extruding an amount of plastically deformable material (W), a storing unit (3) for temporally storing the material (W) extruded from the supplying unit (1), and a rolling unit (2) for rolling the material (W) stored in the storing unit (3) into a sheet form, the device comprises a pressing mechanism (4) for pressing the material (W) stored in the storing unit (3) from the upper side thereof with a preset pressure, wherein a pressing member (41) constituting the pressing mechanism (4) has a pressing face (41a) whose area is set to from 30 to 95% of the area of an upper opening portion (31) of the storing unit (3).

Abstract: In order to compact a blank from silicon powder, the latter is uniaxially pressed in a mold chamber.

Abstract: A dislocation-free sheet may be formed from a melt. A sheet of material with a first width is formed on a melt of the material using a cooling plate. This sheet has dislocations. The sheet is transported with respect to the cooling plate and the dislocations migrate to an edge of the sheet. The first width of the sheet is increased to a second width by the cooling plate. The sheet does not have dislocations at the second width. The cooling plate may have a shape with two different widths in one instance. The cooling plate may have segments that operate at different temperatures to increase the width of the sheet in another instance. The sheet may be pulled or flowed with respect to the cooling plate.

Abstract: A multilayer gypsum board forming device, and a gypsum additive delivery system in which additives are delivered to one or more layers of a multi layered gypsum board panels, including engineered polymers, includes at least one additive assembly connected in-line with a first gypsum delivery receptacle for providing an additive fluid feed into the stream of a first gypsum slurry being transported through said first gypsum delivery receptacle for homogenously adding an additive to the first gypsum slurry, and a second gypsum delivery receptacle transporting a second gypsum slurry, in fluid communication with the mixer providing the first gypsum slurry, having a different set of characteristics from those of the first gypsum slurry. At least one outer surface including a polymeric compound or wax emulsion additive entrained therein essentially encases the core gypsum within two facing layers.

Abstract: A melt of a material is cooled and a sheet of the material is formed in the melt. This sheet is transported, cut into at least one segment, and cooled in a cooling chamber. The material may be Si, Si and Ge, Ga, or GaN. The cooling is configured to prevent stress or strain to the segment. In one instance, the cooling chamber has gas cooling.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for casting silicon for photovoltaic cells and other applications. With these methods, an ingot can be grown that is low in carbon and whose crystal growth is controlled to increase the cross-sectional area of seeded material during casting.

Abstract: At the filling station of a dry cast pipe making machine for making pipe lined with a plastic liner, the liner is first placed over the core and then a plurality of spaced-apart, removable L-shaped plates are secured around the top edge of the core. One leg of each plate extends inside the core with the other leg extending downwardly over the top edge of the liner. The plates are removably held in place on the core by the use of a clamping device, such as a vise-grip, for example. Once the form is filled with concrete and ready for the pressure heading step, the downwardly extending legs of the plates serve as ‘shoehorns’ to guide the pressure header over the top of the liner and prevent damage to it. In addition, the plates will assist in centering the core within the jacket.

Abstract: A dope including a polymer and a solvent is prepared. The dope is casted from a casting die (43) to a casting belt (46) with forming a casting bead (100), to form a casting film (69). The decompression chamber (68) is provided behind the casting bead (100). An area including the casting die (43) and the decompression chamber (68) is partitioned as a casting section (105) from other sections by a first partition (102) and a second partition (103). A volume of the casting section (105) is set in a range of 0.80 m3 to 300.00 m3. Inside the casting section (105) is decompressed by a decompression chamber (68) while a fluctuation of air pressure is less than 2.00 Pa. A wind shielding member 101 is provided between the casting die (43) and the decompression chamber (68), to shield wind from behind the casting bead (100).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical film comprising the steps of: 1) casting a dope (a solution), prepared by dissolving thermoplastic resin film raw materials in a solvent, from a casting die onto an at least 1.8 m wide belt support, and 2) drying a cast web (a cast film) peeled from the belt support, wherein the belt support has a thickness (Te) at both right and left end portions, of 5-20% less than a thickness (T) of the remaining portion including the transverse center portion of the belt support, provided that the Te indicates a thickness at both right and left end portions, each having a width (We) of 2-25% of a total width (W) of the belt support when viewed from both right and left side edges thereof.

Abstract: An optical film manufacturing method, comprising steps of: forming a film by casting a liquid-state resin; embossing both ends of the formed film in a lateral direction of the film so as to form embossed sections for conveying the film; conveying the film having the embossed sections by a freely rotatable conveyance roller; trimming and removing the embossed sections of the film after the conveying step; and winding up the film.

Abstract: An extrusion die for extruding thermoplastic materials to produce a sheet of substantially uniform thickness, the extrusion die having a manifold width that increases from the centerline toward the die exit or lip. The increasing width manifold arms, with the preland portion, provide a constant shear rate at all areas of the die and a constant residence time, so that every fluid particle path through the die has the same residence time. By having the increasing width manifold arms, the preland area of the extrusion die is decreased, usually by about 30%, often about 40-60%, compared to a Winter die, thus decreasing clam-shelling effect and allowing design and extrusion of wider sheets.

Abstract: A production line for producing sheets based on hydraulic binder, the production line including in an upstream zone of the production line, marking device for marking a facing material of the preform with a mark; in a downstream zone of the production line, detecting device for detecting the mark made by the marking device; a cutting device; and an actuating device for actuating said cutting device after receiving a detection signal from the detection device.

Abstract: A preformed pallet is provided having first and second outer layers that sandwich a cellular or honeycomb shaped core. The peripheral edge of the preformed pallet may be inserted into the molding device having one or more heating elements, which function to focus heat onto the peripheral edge. Once heated, the peripheral edge of the preformed pallet may be reshaped by one or more die sets forming the peripheral edge into an enclosed pallet.

Abstract: The method includes providing a rigid mould (8, 150) with at a re-entrant cavity (96, 196). Mouldable material is provided on the rigid mould and the re-entrant cavity is filled to form a hook-like protuberance (36) on a surface of the moulded building product to facilitate, in use, the attachment of the building product to the structure of a building. The mouldable material sets to form a building product. The building product is removed from the mould. The re-entrant cavity has a resilient portion to facilitate the removal of the building product without detrimental affect to the hook-like protuberance. The so-formed building products have a greater resistance to inclement weather conditions. The building product may be a concrete roof tile formed by a roller and slipper extrusion method, a clay tile made by pressing in a clay tile press, or a cast concrete roof tile.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for multi-shot, liquid-resin-molding of continuous-fiber composite articles is disclosed. The process involves the step-wise fabrication of an article wherein continuity of the fibers is maintained between the multiple workpieces of the finished composite article.

Abstract: Provided are ultra water repellent film manufacturing equipment capable of continuous manufacturing of an ultra water repellent film through casting and separating a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer on an outer surface of a rotating belt, and an ultra water repellent film manufacturing method using the equipment. The equipment includes the rotating belt wound around rollers to continuously rotate, a polymer supplying member (120) containing a liquid polymer (M) to supply onto the rotating belt (110), a thickness controlling member (130) for controlling the supplied liquid polymer in thickness, a polymer drying member (140) for drying the liquid polymer controlled in thickness, a film separating member (150) for separating an ultra water repellent film (F) from the rotating belt, a rotating belt cleaning member (160) for cleaning an outer surface of the rotating belt after film separation, and a surface reforming member (170) for reforming the outer surface of the cleaned rotating belt.

Abstract: A dope (21) is cast from a casting die (30) onto a casting drum (32) that is moving. The dope forms a bead (21a) between the casting die and the casting drum. Provided downstream from the bead in a casting drum's moving direction is nozzles (61a, 61b) which supply a solidification preventive solution around side ends (22b) of a downstream surface of the bead. On an upstream side of the bead, air pressure is reduced by a decompression chamber (36). Since the bead separates airflow of the upstream side from the downstream side, the solidification preventive solution is not blown in the airflow from the upstream side.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nozzle block for electrospinning which is able to simultaneously electrically spin two or more different types of polymer spinning dopes, wherein a single-layer distribution plate for dividing a planar space within the nozzle block into two or more segments is installed within the nozzle block. The apparatus is simple because a single-layer distribution plate is installed instead of a conventional multi layer distribution plate. A hybrid nano fiber laminate can be prepared without any additional laminating procedure because two or more different polymer spinning dopes can be simultaneously electrically spun through different nozzles arranged within the same nozzle block. It is possible to prepare a hybrid nano fiber nonwoven fabric or filaments or the like composed of two or more types of nano fibers different in thermal properties or physical properties because their fiber diameter or polymer type are different from each other.

Abstract: The invention is a method of forming extrudate having substantially uniform thickness. A shim is formed which has a thickness variation of less than or equal to about 0.5 mil (13 microns) total indicated runout. This shim is disposed between a first die portion having a first surface and a second die portion having a second surface. A slot is formed between the first surface and the second surface. The slot has a height dimension substantially the same as the shim thickness. Flowable material is extruded through the slot.

Abstract: An optical waveguide film is provided having a cross-sectional structure wherein claddings composed of a thermoplastic resin B and dispersions (cores) composed of a thermoplastic resin A extend in the machine direction of the film and are arrayed in the transverse direction of the film, the optical waveguide film comprising not less than 3 cores, diameters (We1, We2) of cores located at the both ends in the transverse direction of the film and diameter (Wc) of a core in the central portion in the transverse direction of the film satisfying the following Formulae (1) and (2), the optical waveguide film comprising a continuous cladding layer at least one side thereof, the thicknesses of the cladding layers (Te1, Te2) at the both ends thereof in the transverse direction of the film and the thickness (Tc) of the cladding layer in the central portion in the transverse direction of the film satisfying the following Formulae (3) and (4): 0.8?We1/Wc?1.2??Formula (1) 0.8?We2/Wc?1.2??Formula (2) 0.8?Te1/Tc?1.

Abstract: A support roller includes a roller body and a rotary shaft, and supports a web under conveyance with a peripheral surface of the roller body. The peripheral surface includes edge contact areas and a merchandise portion contact area. The edge contact areas make contact with edges in a width direction of the web. Each edge contact area has projections and recesses that have an arcuate cross section, and extend in the peripheral direction of the roller body. The projections and the recesses are arranged alternately in an axial direction. The projections are spaced at intervals from 0.01 mm to 2 mm. A height from a bottom of the recess to an apex of the projection is from 0.01 mm to 1 mm. The apex has a curvature radius in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a foam-in-place cushion in which a foam-forming composition is dispensed between two plastic film portions in a predetermined fashion to selectively control the distribution of the foam in the cushion. A foam dispenser can be moved in a transverse direction as foam is dispensed. A dispersion device can be employed to apply pressure on predetermined areas of the film portions towards each other so as to cause the composition to be redistributed in position in a predetermined manner while the composition is in a less than fully expanded state. The plastic film can then be sealed closed to form an expanding foam cushion that can be placed into a shipping carton where the cushion expands to fill void space, or into a mold where the cushion expands and is molded into a desired shape.

Abstract: The invention describes-an extrusion device (1) for extruding a film tube in a direction (z) of movement, said extrusion device (1) comprising a nozzle head with an annular gap from which the film tube exits and said extrusion device (1) comprising an interior cooling device with which the extruded film tube can be cooled from the inside after its exit from the annular gap. Novel and inventive is the cooling element, which has the same cross-sectional form as the film tube and which has, in the direction (z) of motion of the extruded film tube, a surface which can be moved.

Abstract: A casting drum is rotated around a shaft. A peripheral surface of the casting drum moves in an X direction. A dope is discharged through a casting die onto the peripheral surface. A casting bead is formed so as to extend from a discharge port of the casting die to the peripheral surface. A decompression chamber decompresses an upstream side from the casting bead. Air flowing toward the casting bead is generated at the vicinity of the peripheral surface. A lateral labyrinth plate is disposed at a clearance between the decompression chamber and the peripheral surface. The lateral labyrinth plate is provided with a labyrinth groove extending along a width direction of the casting bead. An edge portion for forming the labyrinth groove has a cross section with an acute angle in a direction of air flowing between the decompression chamber and the support.

Abstract: A continuous metal extruder that comprises a rotatable member having an extrusion screw portion for transporting metal to be extruded in an axial direction of said rotatable member, and a fixed part, is disclosed. In a method the rotational member and the fixed part are biased in relation to each other. An extruder for carrying out the method comprises a spring element for the biasing. In one embodiment there is a thrust bearing arranged between the rotational member and the fixed part, said thrust bearing has a first bearing race facing said fixed part and a second bearing race facing a part of said rotatable member. The spring element is arranged to bias the thrust bearing, and thereby the rotational member and the fixed part in relation to each other, by exerting along said axial direction an expanding force between at least one of the of the following: the first race of the thrust bearing and the fixed part; and the second race of the thrust bearing and said part of the rotatable member.

Abstract: The present invention for the first time proposes an anorganic mixed fiber product having good insulation properties and good fire stability, wherein the anorganic mixed fiber product comprises both glass fibers (23) and anorganic fiber flakes (25), and wherein the anorganic fiber flakes (25) are disposed substantially homogeneously between the glass fibers (23). The present invention moreover proposes a method for manufacturing the anorganic mixed fiber product of the invention, as well as an apparatus (1) for implementing the method of the invention. The invention further proposes a product manufactured of the anorganic mixed fiber product of the invention and an apparatus for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: A nozzle (55b) is disposed on a bottom (55a) of an air duct (55), and a drying air (56) is fed out from a nozzle (55b) toward a casting film (69). A data of a wind speed of the drying air (56) is input on a key board (100) to a controller (58), in which a height H of the air duct (55) from a casting belt (46) is calculated from the input wind velocity V. On the basis of the calculated height H, the controller (58) drives a shift device (102) to shift the air duct (55) up- and downwardly, such that the height H may be in the range of 20 mm to 300 mm.

Abstract: First, second and third dopes 114, 115 and 116 each of which contains a solid electrolyte and an organic solvent are cast from a casting die 81 provided with a feed block 119 to a moving belt 82. A three-layer casting membrane 112 is peeled off from the belt 82 as a three-layer membrane 62 containing the organic solvent. After being dried in a tenter device 64, the membrane 62 still containing the organic solvent is contacted with a liquid which is a poor solvent of the solid electrolyte and having lower boiling point than the organic solvent. Thereafter, the membrane 62 is transported to a drying chamber 69 and dried while being supported by the plural rollers.

Abstract: A mixer for mixing liquid additive with polymer dope constituted by cellulose ester as polymer and solvent is provided. There is a mixing conduit for flow of the polymer dope. A supply conduit ejects liquid additive into the polymer dope in the mixing conduit. A rotor hub is positioned downstream from the supply conduit, contained in the mixing conduit rotatably about an axis directed in a flow direction of the polymer dope, and has a diameter decreasing end on an upstream side. A driving device with electromagnets rotates the rotor hub by electromagnetic induction through a chamber inside the mixing conduit. Furthermore, a support is disposed within the mixing conduit to extend transversely to the flow direction, for supporting the rotor hub rotatably. Flow openings are formed in the support, for passing the polymer dope in the flow direction about the rotor hub.

Abstract: A carpet underlay for a floor carpet, the underlay having a foam base layer having an upper surface, and a cross-linked closed cell polyolefin foam upper layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is bonded to the upper surface of the base layer and the second surface is adapted to contact the carpet in abutment. Preferred foam base layer comprises a polyurethane foam, particularly, chipfoam; and the cross-linked closed cell foam layer comprises polyethylene, polyolefine, polyamide and mixtures, thereof. Apparatus and process of manufacture are provided. The underlay provides improved resistance to odour and toxic vapour penetration from the base foam layer through the carpet into the atmosphere above the carpet.

Abstract: A casting belt 86 is produced of stainless steel. On a casting surface 86a on which a dope 61 is cast, two points P1, P2 arranged in the widthwise direction X of the casting belt 86 are determined, such that the length L between two points P1P2 may be 10 mm. When a depth between the top and the bottom of the surface unevenness might is continuously measured along the line P1P2, a depth maximum DE is at most 40 ?m. Thus even if the film production is made for a long time, it is prevented that austenite partially transforms to martensite. Therefore, the scratches and deformations extending in the lengthwise direction hardly occur.

Abstract: A casting die includes lip plates and inner deckle plates, each of which has a contact face. The contact faces form an outlet of the casing die. A distance between a ridge of the lip plate and that of the inner deckle plate is at most 9 ?m. Further, nozzles are disposed so as to be close to the outlet. A casting dope is discharged from the outlet to a support, so as to form a dope bead between the outlet and a periphery of the support. The nozzles supply a solution to side edges of the dope bead.

Abstract: A sheet/film molding apparatus includes: a main roll sandwiches and presses, with a touch roll, a resin molten sheet and conveys the sandwiched and pressed resin sheet; and a separating roll separates the resin sheet from an outer peripheral surface of the main roll and conveys the resin sheet. The separating roll has a rubber roll and a metal elastic external cylinder having the rubber roll housed therein and being eccentrically positioned to the rubber roll and thin and easily elastically deformed. Cooling water is supplied between the rubber roll of the separating roll and the metal elastic external cylinder. The resin sheet between the main roll and the metal elastic external cylinder is cooled by allowing the rubber roll to make pressure contact with an inner peripheral surface thereof. The separating roll separates the resin sheet from the outer peripheral surface of the main roll.

Abstract: A casting die for casting a joint dope constructed of a main dope and a substantial dope has a side plate, an inner deckle plate, an inlet and an outlet. The inner deckle plate has a contact face forming an inner wall of the slot. The first dope is fed through a manifold into a slot connecting the inlet and the outlet. The second dope is fed through a pipe into a passage formed in the inner deckle plate. The passage may be connected to the slit. The inner deckle plate has a partitioning portion for partitioning the second path from the slit. The partitioning portion has an end having acute angle.

Abstract: A casting die includes lip plates and inner deckle plates, each of which has a contact face. The contact faces form an outlet of the casing die. A distance between a ridge of the lip plate and that of the inner deckle plate is at most 9 ?m. Further, nozzles are disposed so as to be close to the outlet. A periphery of a support runs at more than 50 m/min. A casting dope is discharged from the outlet to the support, so as to form a dope bead between the outlet and the periphery. A decompression chamber decompresses in a rear face side from the dope bead.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gypsum board forming device which provides improved slurry spread. The device includes a forming table with an arcuate or angled profile that promotes a uniform slurry spread. An arcuate or angled hinge plate can also be included to further promote the uniform distribution of slurry prior to an extrusion plate.

Abstract: Apparatus for the forming of a strip, formable at increased temperature, in particular of a strip consisting of thermoplastic, in a continuous run on the surface of a rotating drum which is to be heated and/or to be cooled in predetermined stationary regions. In order to reduce the energy losses due to the heating and cooling alternation, the thin-walled drum is mounted on a carrier body which can be heated or cooled in the respective regions and is heat-exchangeable with the drum surface at least in these regions.

Abstract: In certain aspects of the invention, an extrusion apparatus for making a multilayer article includes multiple discs, each of which has at least one passageway configured to permit fluid flow therethrough in a flow direction. At least one of the discs includes a cone shaped portion extending substantially parallel to the flow direction.

Abstract: A screw feeder is provided for a powder roller compactor machine. The machine includes a hopper for holding powder and a pair of rollers for compacting the powder. A screw feeder transfers powder from the hopper to the rollers. The screw feeder includes an upper tapered section with a tapered shaft and a lower straight section with a straight shaft. Auger flighting is provided on the tapered and straight sections of the screw feeder. The auger flighting preferably has a fixed depth along the length of the screw feeder.

Abstract: A producing apparatus for producing a plastic optical fiber (11), in which a refractive index is distributed in a direction toward a center of a diameter (D1, D2), is provided. A first collection block (58) causes first and second molten resins (22, 23, 84, 85) together to flow to form a first multi layer fluid resin (22, 23) in a concentric fiber shape. A second collection block (59, 60) causes a third molten resin (21, 24) to flow together with the first multi layer fluid resin to form a second multi layer fluid resin (21-24) in a concentric fiber shape, so as to produce the plastic optical fiber from at least three resins. Also, the three resins contain a dopant at densities different from one another. Furthermore, a first diffusion tube (61) diffuses the dopant in the first multi layer fluid resin. A second diffusion tube (62, 63) diffuses the dopant in the second multi layer fluid resin.

Abstract: A tool for the extrusion of films, having at least one coating, the at least one coating being at least partly a metal-nitride or transition metal nitride coating, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: In a cooling roller which cools a molten resin strip discharged from a die, a temperature of a place where a resin comes into contact with the cooling roller, and that of a place where the resin is detached from the cooling roller are individually controlled. The cooling roller comprises: a non-rotatably disposed inner cylinder 11; a rotatable outer cylinder 3 disposed coaxially with the inner cylinder 11; an annular medium channel 13 formed by an outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 11 and an inner peripheral surface of the outer cylinder 3; a plurality of small medium channels 73, 75 divided from the medium channel 13 by a plurality of partition members 69, 71; a plurality of medium inflow ports 77, 79 disposed in a wall portion of the inner cylinder along an axis of the inner cylinder 11 so as to communicate with the respective small medium channels 73, 75; and a plurality of slit-like medium outflow ports 81, 83.

Abstract: The invention provides a board forming system comprising a forming table comprising a belt with a surface for conveying a backing layer; a mixer fitted with a mechanism capable of depositing cementitious slurry material over a top surface of the backing layer; and a slurry spreader positioned downstream of the mixer, wherein a portion of the slurry spreader comprises a plurality of apertures which are connected to a source of pressurized fluid. The slurry spreader is configured such that the pressurized fluid flows out of the slurry spreader through the apertures so as to provide a continuous film of fluid across an outer surface of the slurry spreader. The slurry spreader is positioned such that it can contact at least a portion of the cementitious slurry after the slurry exits the discharge and before the slurry is spread across the width of the backing layer such that the thickness of the slurry is approximately equal to the desired slurry thickness for board formation.

Abstract: To form a film or sheet relatively thin and needing a high degree of precision in thickness, such as for an optical use, while suppressing temperature fluctuations at one side opposite to the other side in contact with an outer peripheral surface of a roll (11), an outer peripheral surface of the roll is covered, with a necessary gap (t) left, by a windshield (20) of a double-layered structure having a thermally insulating property.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of sandwich elements (so-called panels), in which the rising reactive mixture is guided, when it rises, through guide elements arranged between the upper and lower outer layers. This process produces void-free panels having a regular cell structure. The invention also relates to an apparatus useful for the production of such sandwich elements.