Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a highly oriented, high molecular weight polymer tape. The method comprises: a) forming a non-fibrous polymeric sheet; (30) b) rolling and stretching said sheet (30) to form a partially oriented polymer web; (31) c) drawing the partially oriented polymer web (31) to form an oriented non-fibrous polymer tape (33), the method is discontinuous in that the ingoing line speed of at least one method step differs from the outgoing line speed of the preceding method step. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method. The invention further relates to a material sheet comprising the polymer tapes. A ballistic resistant article comprising the material sheet exhibits excellent antiballistic properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing fibers, notably of polysaccharide or collagen, by wet spinning under coagulation, said method notably comprising: a step for extruding a coagulable macromolecular assembly solution through a normal die; at least one partial coagulation cycle comprising a coagulation step on the one hand and a step for interrupting the coagulation on the other hand; and a step for receiving, notably by winding up, the obtained hollow fiber. The invention also relates to multi-membrane hollow fibers consisting of a same macromolecular assembly which may be spun by coagulation, notably a natural or modified natural polysaccharide in the physical hydrogel or partly dehydrated state. Said fibers including at least over their length two superposed coaxial membranes separated from each other by an inter-membrane space. The invention also relates to the spinning device for applying said method.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus of manufacturing high quality large area graphene in large quantities. The method includes placing a supporting belt, on which a catalyst layer is loaded, into a chamber; increasing a temperature of the catalyst layer by injecting a carbon source into the chamber; forming graphene on the catalyst layer by cooling the catalyst layer; and taking out the supporting belt, on which the catalyst layer, on which the graphene is formed, is loaded, from the chamber to an outside, wherein a ratio between a melting point of the supporting belt and a maximum temperature Tmax of the catalyst metal layer that the catalyst layer is heated in the chamber is equal to or less than 0.6.

Abstract: Provided is a nanofiber manufacturing apparatus including an effusing body (115) having an effusing hole (118) which allows the solution (300) to effuse in a given direction, a charging electrode (128) which is conductive and is disposed at a given distance from the effusing body (115), a charging power supply (122) configured to apply a given voltage between the effusing body (115) and the charging electrode (128), and a determining unit (102) configured to determine a flight path of the solution (300) and the nanofibers such that a length of the flight path C is longer than a shortest path length B which is a length of a shortest imaginary path connecting an end opening (119) of the effusing hole (118) and an accumulation part A on which the nanofibers (301) are accumulated.

Abstract: A nanofiber manufacturing apparatus (100) which produces nanofibers (301) by electrically stretching a solution (300) in space, includes: an effusing body (115) having effusing holes (118) for effusing the solution (300) into the space, a tip part (116) in which openings (119) at ends of the effusing holes (118) are one-dimensionally arranged at given intervals, and two side wall parts (117) provided extending from both sides of the tip part (116) so that the effusing holes (118) are located between the side wall parts (117) and distance between the side wall parts (117) increases with distance from the tip part (116); a charging electrode (121) disposed at a given distance from the effusing body (115); and a charging power supply (122) which applies a given voltage between the effusing body (115) and the charging electrode (121).

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for manufacturing filaments from an optically anisotropic spinning solution in which the spinning solution is extruded through a spinneret including a spinning field with a plurality of spinning orifices into a coagulation bath through a slot or diaphragm, the edges thereof being formed by plates with upper and lower sides. The upper sides of the plates are defined as the sides having the shortest distance to the spinning field, wherein the line through the center of the spinning field and perpendicular to the upper sides is located a distance (d) from a parallel line through the center of the slot or diaphragm. The projection of the slot or diaphragm has about the same size and shape as the projection of the spinning field. The plane of the upper side of one plate has a shorter distance to the center of the spinning field than the plane of the upper side of the other plate, and the line has a smaller distance to the edge of plate than to edge of plate.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to enable a microfilament that is a nanofilament to be manufactured continuously and consistently from all thermoplastic polymers without requiring a specialized high precision•high performance apparatus and also to present the nanofilament manufactured as described. The present invention comprises a microfilament in a nanofilament region and the manufacturing means thereof wherein a original filament transferred using a filament transfer means is supplied to an orifice under pressure P1 and is heated and drawn using an infrared light beam directly under the orifice under pressure P2 (P1>P2).

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing spun-bonded nonwoven fabrics that can reduce the diameter of a filament without decreasing productivity and can stably produce nonwoven fabrics, comprising: quenching a multiple number of continuous melt-spun filaments through spinning nozzles with quench air fed to a quenching chamber, drawing the filaments, and depositing the filaments on a moving collector surface, wherein the quench air fed to the quenching chamber is divided into at least 2 streams in vertical direction, and an air velocity of the quench air in the lowermost stream is set higher than that of the 50 quench air in the uppermost stream. The invention also provides an apparatus for manufacturing spun-bonded nonwoven fabrics, wherein quench air fed to the quenching chamber is divided into at least 2 streams in the vertical direction, wherein the velocities of the quench air are independently controllable in the respective streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion system for producing cylindrical semi-finished plastic products. The extrusion system comprises an extruder (1) for making available a pressurized plastic melt, at least one extrusion die (7) arranged on the extruder (1) and allowing the melt to leave the extruder (1) as a substantially cylindrical plastic strand (8), a calibration unit (2) which is mounted downstream of the extrusion die (7) and through which the freshly extruded plastic strand (8) passes, said calibration unit cooling the plastic strand (8) and giving it an outer diameter (d), a brake device (3) mounted downstream of the calibration unit (2) and adapted to introduce a variable axial force (A) into the plastic strand (8), said axial force being opposite to the advance of the plastic strand, and a force transducer (9) measuring the axial force (A) introduced into the plastic strand (8) by the brake device (3).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making silicon or silicon/germanium core fiber is described, which uses a plasma process with reducing agent to make preform. The process also makes the recommendations in selecting the adequate cladding tube for better fiber properties. An improved fiber drawing apparatus is also disclosed in order to draw this new type of preforms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spunbond tower that includes a die (103), a device (106) for cooling the filaments formed by the die, a device (107) for stretching the cooled filaments, a system (108) for forming a non-woven web (110) on a mat, said system including an electrostatic device (117) and a dehumidifier mounted at least on a formation air inlet between the bottom of the stretching device and the top of the formation system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing oriented slit film tapes, comprising the following steps: extruding melt polymer through a die (2); simultaneous quenching and melt-drawing of the molten polymer in the cooling device to form a film sheet (3); slitting the initial film sheet into a plurality of relatively narrow slit film tapes (4); stretching (8) at elevated temperature, by passing the slit film tapes through a heating medium (7) at a temperature just below the softening temperature of the slit film tapes; y annealing and cooling the oriented slit film tapes (10, 11); winding the slit film tapes (13); characterized in that before the stretching step, it has a stage of pre-stretching (108) made by passing the slit film tapes through one set of heated holding rollers (107) turning at a given speed and one set of cooled pre-stretch rollers (109) turning faster than the heated holding rollers, wherein at least one of the rollers of the set of holding rollers is heated and at least one of the roller

Abstract: A plant for making continuous yarns (30) made of silicon material comprises at least an extrusion station (12), into which the material is introduced in an amorphous condition, and extrusion means (15) which cause the material to exit from the extrusion station (12) along an extrusion axis (D). The plant also comprises a vulcanization station (16), located downstream of the extrusion station (12), at a determinate distance (“L”) therefrom, in which the continuous yarn (30) is vulcanized in a direction of treatment (T). The plant also comprises a drawing unit (18), disposed downstream of the vulcanization station (16).

Abstract: The invention describes a method for setting the sizes of film tubes (1), which are extruded by blow film plants (15), in which method the film tube size is changed from an initial size of a film tube (1) to a final size of a film tube (1), and in which the location of the frost area (3) is optimized during the size change by setting the output of the cooling fan. Physical parameters of the initial and final size of the film tube (1) are stored in the control device (31). The control device (1) takes these physical parameters into account when generating control signals.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for longitudinal orientation of thermoplastic film material (4) comprises a width-reduction zone upstream of the longitudinal stretching zone, through which the width of the film is gradually reduced so as to allow longitudinal stretching without necking. The width-reduction zone comprises at least one, preferably several, pairs of pleating rollers (16, 17) comprising intermeshing grooves or discs for pleating the material, the length of said width reduction zone preferably being less than 3 times the original width of the film. The width-reducing zone has upstream (14) and downstream (15) rollers or roller assemblies, with curved axes and optionally also conveyor belts for providing smooth width reduction. Longitudinal stretching is preferably between at least two, and preferably more than two, pairs of stretching rollers (9, 10, 11, 12) which are relatively close together.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a highly oriented, high molecular weight polymer tape. The method comprises forming and compression-moulding a polymer powder bed at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer to form a sheet; at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer, rolling and stretching the sheet in a calendar unit to form a partially oriented polymer web; at a temperature below the melting point of the polymer, drawing the partially oriented polymer web in a drawing unit; and, optionally repeating step c) to form a more fully oriented non-fibrous high molecular weight polymer tape, the method being discontinuous in that the ingoing line speed of one of the method steps b) to d) differs from the outgoing line speed of the preceding method step. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method. The invention further relates to a material sheet comprising the polymer tapes, and to a ballistic resistant article comprising the material sheet.

Abstract: In a tenter dryer, while a film is dried, the stretch or the relaxation of the film are made. The tenter dryer includes first-third drying chambers for independently controlling the drying conditions and a shiftable stretch/relaxation device for making the stretch and the relaxation of the film with holding the film. When the stretch/relaxation device holds four edges, cutter blades provided in a drying nozzle cut the film to sheet films. Then while holding the film, the stretch/relaxation device moves between the first-third drying chambers in which drying conditions are previously controlled.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus for producing flexible, stretchable, and/or elastic products comprised principally of material such as natural elastomers and other synthetic polymers. The method and apparatus for producing stretchable products by spraying product material over a workpiece former, and method and apparatus for creating perforated products by spraying product material over a perforated surface or partly breathable surface, The invention also provides methods and apparatus for making double sided fibre coating of the product and, or to at least coating the product surface on the side facing the wall without the need for removing the product from the wall. The method and apparatus also enable easy removal of the product from the former. Workpiece formers are also provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for making silicon or silicon/germanium core fiber is described, which uses a plasma process with reducing agent to make preform. The process also makes the recommendations in selecting the adequate cladding tube for better fiber properties. An improved fiber drawing apparatus is also disclosed in order to draw this new type of preforms.

Abstract: A spinning, drawing and texturing machine for the production of curled threads includes a spinning unit and multiple machine modules associated with the spinning unit. Each of the machine modules has multiple processing assemblies for drawing and curling one of the threads, and a spooling unit for winding the thread. The machine modules positioned next to one another form a longitudinal side of the machine. The processing assemblies and the spooling unit are arranged among each other at one of the machine modules such that a narrow machine partition (T) in a range of <800 mm occurs on the longitudinal side of the machine. The spinning unit has one or more spinnerets and one spinning duct within the machine partition (T) per machine module. The spinnerets are held in rows parallel to the longitudinal side of the machine.

Abstract: Fibers are spun from a supported array of nanotubes. Fibers are spun using a spinning shaft with, for example, a hook shaped end that contacts the supported nanotubes and twists some of them around each other to begin the fiber. As the twisted nanotubes detach from the support, the shaft moves away from and along the supported array in a controlled direction and at a controlled speed as it spins to twist and detach additional nanotubes from the support and extend the length of the fiber. If the array is pretreated with a dilute polymer solution, excess solution is squeezed out of the growing fiber during spinning, and the polymer may be cured at elevated temperature to provide a strong nanotube composite fiber.

Abstract: A stretcher for substantially uniaxially orienting a film includes a plurality of gripping members to hold opposing edge portions of the film, paths along which the gripping members travel to stretch the film in a stretching region, and a drive mechanism to convey the film and gripping members along a machine direction. At least a portion of the paths in the stretching region define diverging, curvilinear courses disposed in-plane. The paths are configured such that during the stretching an extent of uniaxial character, U, is between zero and unity and a minimum value of an extent of uniaxial character, U, is at least 0.70 over a final portion of the stretching after achieving a TDDR of 2.5. U is defined as U=(1/MDDR?1)/(TDDR1/2?1), wherein TDDR is greater than 4 at an end of the stretching region.

Abstract: An apparatus for melt spinning and winding up synthetic yarns comprising a spinning appliance, a treating appliance and a windup machine. The treating appliance comprises a runoff godet for guiding the yarns before entry and distribution of the yarns into a plurality of winding stations in the windup machine, the runoff godet being arranged above the windup machine and guiding the yarns in a parallel side by side arrangement on its circumference. The runoff godet is arranged transversely to a winding spindle and above the windup machine, the windup machine comprising a plurality of head yarn guides which are disposed upstream of the winding stations and are arranged in a vertically oriented runup plane.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to make possible the manufacturing of sheath-core type super microfilaments from sheath-core type filaments such as hollow filaments, optical filaments and conjugate filaments continuously and stably by a simple and convenient means without requiring any apparatus of high-accuracy and high-level, characterized in that original filaments delivered from sheath-core type filament supply means are heated by infrared beams and the heated sheath-core type filaments are drawn at 100 times or more by a tension provided by the own weight or under a tension of 1 MPa or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for manufacturing spun-bonded nonwoven fabrics that can reduce the diameter of a filament without decreasing productivity and can stably produce nonwoven fabrics, comprising: quenching a multiple number of continuous melt-spun filaments through spinning nozzles with quench air fed to a quenching chamber, drawing the filaments, and depositing the filaments on a moving collector surface, wherein the quench air fed to the quenching chamber is divided into at least 2 streams in vertical direction, and an air velocity of the quench air in the lowermost stream is set higher than that of the 50 quench air in the uppermost stream. The invention also provides an apparatus for manufacturing spun-bonded nonwoven fabrics, wherein quench air fed to the quenching chamber is divided into at least 2 streams in the vertical direction, wherein the velocities of the quench air are independently controllable in the respective streams.

Abstract: A method for producing a colorless transparent resin film by a solution flow casting method containing: flow-casting an organic solvent solution of a polyamic acid or a polyimide on a support; and drying, the method containing at least the following step (1), step (2) and step (3) in this order, and an apparatus therefor: (1) a step of flow-casting an organic solvent solution of a polyamic acid or polyamide on a support, (2) a step of evaporating the organic solvent while blowing a gas having an oxygen content of from 0.001 to 15% by volume at a temperature of from 100 to 170° C. onto the flow-cast material, and releasing as a self-supporting film from the support, and (3) a step of performing the following step (3-1) and step (3-2) in this order: (3-1) a step of lowering a residual ratio of the organic solvent in the self-supporting film while blowing a gas having an oxygen content of 15% by volume or less at a temperature of from 100 to 250° C.

Abstract: Machine for horizontally manufacturing flexible sheet material packagings, including an area for feeding a continuous web of flexible sheet material, a preforming area including an area for folding the bottom wall of said packaging and a welding area, an area for filling said packagings, an area for outputting said packagings, a first chemical decontamination treatment area using a gas, arranged between the preforming area and the filling area, and an outside chamber that surrounds said machine at least partially and is depressed with respect to said first area. The outside chamber acts as an additional barrier between the first area and the outside. Outside chamber can be depressed also with respect to atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a spunbond web has a deposition surface, a spinneret above the surface for producing filaments that move downward along a path toward the surface, and a cooling chamber below the spinneret. Cool process air is supplied to the chamber to cool the filaments as they pass downward through the chamber. A laterally closed stretching unit downstream of the cooling chamber has laterally closed side walls that have portions that diverges downward. A connecting region between the stretching unit and the cooling chamber substantially excludes access of air from outside to the filaments as they pass from the cooling chamber to the stretching unit so that the filaments drop from the stretching unit onto the deposition surface.

Abstract: A spunbonding apparatus includes at least one nozzle, a coagulating tank, a deformation region, a slit passage, and a drawing flow pump. The nozzle extrudes at least one spinning solution. The coagulating tank contains coagulating liquid to coagulate the spinning solution into at least one fiber. The deformation region is located between the coagulating tank and the nozzle. The slit passage is connected to the coagulating tank and allows the fiber to pass therethrough. The drawing flow pump provides a drawing flow to the slit passage.

Abstract: A spunbond system for manufacturing a non-woven web of fibers includes a spin beam assembly configured to process and deliver a plurality of polymer streams for extrusion through spinneret orifices. The spin beam assembly includes a plurality of manifold sections within the spin beam assembly, each manifold section including a distribution pipe configured to transfer a respective polymer component to a plurality of piping sections extending within the manifold section and a heat transfer medium that flows within the manifold section and around the piping sections extending into the manifold section so as to maintain the respective polymer component at a selected temperature.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to enable a microfilament that is a nanofilament to be manufactured continuously and consistently from all thermoplastic polymers without requiring a specialized high precision.high performance apparatus and also to present the nanofilament manufactured as described. The present invention comprises a microfilament in a nanofilament region and the manufacturing means thereof wherein a original filament transferred using a filament transfer means is supplied to an orifice under pressure P1 and is heated and drawn using an infrared light beam directly under the orifice under pressure P2 (P1>P2).

Abstract: Provided is a nanofiber spinning method and device for producing a high strength and uniform yarn made of nanofibers with high productivity and at a low cost. The device includes: a nanofiber producing unit (2) which produces nanofibers (11) by extruding polymer solution, prepared by dissolving polymeric substances in a solvent, through small holes (7) and charging the polymer solution, and by allowing the polymer solution to be stretched by an electrostatic explosion, and which allows the nanofibers to travel in a single direction; a collecting electrode unit (3) to which an electric potential different from that of the charged polymer solution is applied, and which attracts the produced nanofibers (11) while simultaneously rotating and twisting the nanofibers, and gathers them for forming a yarn (20) made of the nanofibers (11); and a collecting unit (5) which collects the yarn (20) passed through the center of the collecting electrode unit (3).

Abstract: A device for producing blown films, including an extrusion device generating a tubular film and a flattening device, associated with the tubular film, having two flattening elements, arranged on diametrically opposite zones of the tubular film and adjustable in relation to each other at an acute angle, for transforming the cross-section of the tubular film, which is first circular, then oval, to a double-layer film web. The device further includes a pair of draw-off rolls, mounted downstream of the flattening device, for drawing off the film web. This invention has guide blades that are interposed between the flattening elements and enclose the edge fold which is formed when the tubular film is flattened.

Abstract: A device for producing blown films, including an extrusion device generating a tubular film and a flattening device, associated with the tubular film, having two flattening elements, arranged on diametrically opposite zones of the tubular film and adjustable in relation to each other at an acute angle, for transforming a cross-section of the tubular film, which is first circular, then oval, to a double-layer film web. This invention has lateral guide elements for the areas of the tubular film that are not affected by the flattening elements and are arranged between the flattening elements and are associated with the tubular film and the lateral guide elements have an adjustable contour.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the production of a non-woven fabric, a plurality of filaments (11) are extruded by a spinneret (2) into at least two groups spaced from each other to define an area of the cooling chamber without filaments and structures; the filaments are cooled by an air flow (Y) conveyed into the cooling chamber directed towards an intermediate area between said two groups of filaments, said area being located below an area of the spinneret without extrusion holes.

Abstract: A device for melt spinning, treating and winding synthetic threads includes a spinning unit, a treatment unit and a winding unit. The spinning unit, the treatment unit and the winding unit are arranged in tiers one above the other and form a plurality of single-thread or multi-thread production positions along the longitudinal side of a machine. To permit a rapid, simple operation, in particular at the start of a process and during interruptions of the process, an operator walkway is located at a height between the treatment device and the winding device.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the production of a non-woven fabric of filaments, where a plurality of filaments are extruded, cooled, stretched and collected on a mobile support, the means of collecting the filaments include furthermore, a gas permeable mobile support element (28), an aspirator (29) and one or more aspiration ducts (33C-36C), the collecting means being insulated from the environment air.

Abstract: To provide a method including processing electrophotographic toner constituent material to a fibrous fine precursor and pulverizing and cutting it to obtain a uniform fibrous toner with energy efficiency in an apparatus for producing electrophotographic toner including a nozzle unit containing a nozzle having a flow path tapering toward the nozzle hole at 2° to 20° and a gas nozzle unit containing a gas nozzle and gas flow path tapering toward the nozzle hole at 15° to 33° relative to a direction of a nozzle axis, wherein the toner constituent material containing a raw material A containing a resin and pigment, and a raw material B containing one of a low melting point resin, wax and organic solvent, is extruded from the nozzle at 150° C. to 320° C., and drawn by gas flow from the gas nozzles so as to be a fibrous fluid while controlling the flow rate.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus is provided for manufacturing a tubular resin film of high quality and little thickness variations, which is stretched and given an orientation, and suitable as retardation film or the like. It comprises a stretching section (6) for stretching the tubular resin film (20), and a maintaining section (7) for maintaining a shape of said tubular resin film (20) stretched. Further, said stretching section (6) is arranged to apply a stretching force to said tubular resin film for longitudinally and/or circumferentially stretching said tubular resin film (20).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for the production of superfine fibers.

Abstract: The invention describes a blown film extrusion device with a blow head (20) and an outer cooling ring (10) mountable on its top (21), which has an annular support surface (11) on its bottom and can be centered relative to blow head (10) via centering devices. The centering devices are formed by at least three radially arranged linear guides, each of which has a radially extending recess (12.1, . . . , 12.4) and at least one guide element (22.1, . . . , 22.4) engaging in it.

Abstract: A casting drum is rotated around a shaft. A peripheral surface of the casting drum moves in an X direction. A dope is discharged through a casting die onto the peripheral surface such that a casting bead is formed so as to extend from a discharge port of the casting die to the peripheral surface. A decompression chamber decompresses an upstream side from the casting bead in a moving direction of the casting drum. The decompression chamber is provided with a sensor unit for detecting a width of the casting bead in a Y direction as width data. A control section shifts outer side seal plates in the Y direction based on the width data detected by the sensor unit such that the outer side seal plates are located in an upstream side from side ends of the casting bead in the X direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adjustable air shield for skewed godet rolls. The air shield can be any blocking type plate with or without perforations. Furthermore, these air shields may be placed in close proximity to the pair of skewed, relax rolls in the relax zone of a fiber producing process. The plates are positioned on the inside of the threadline so that the airflow is substantially reduced around the threadline on the skewed rolls. The preferred embodiment of the present invention is one or more skewed godet rolls in the relax area of the fiber production process with air shields positioned on the inside of the fiber string up (threadline) between the pair of skewed rolls, such that the gap between any roll and any air shield is uniform and constant.

Abstract: A conventional electrospinning devices is problematic in that the productivity is low and a droplet, by which a spinning liquid is not formed into fiber but dropped in a drop shape, occurs, to thereby deteriorate the quality of a nonwoven fabric. To solve the above problem, the present invention provides an bottom-up electrospinning devices, comprising: a spinning liquid main tank 1; a metering pump 2; a nozzle block 4; nozzles 5 installed on the nozzle block; a collector 7 for collecting fibers being spun from the nozzle block; and a voltage generator 9 for applying a voltage to the nozzle block 4 and the collector 7, wherein [A] the outlets of nozzles 5 installed on a nozzle block are formed in an upper direction; [B] a collector 7 is located on the top part of the nozzle block; and [C] a spinning liquid discharge device 12 is connected to the uppermost part of the nozzle block 4.

Abstract: The device (2) comprises four drawing cylinders (6, 7, 8, 9) on which the film (5) passes and which are associated with press cylinders (13, 21, 26), comprising: a first drawing cylinder (6) having a fixed axis (10), a second drawing cylinder (7) having a fixed axis (12) which is offset in relation to the previous one, a third drawing cylinder (8) whose position is adjustable and a fourth drawing cylinder (9) having a fixed axis (25). Said cylinders (6 A 9) are rotationally driven at differentiated speeds, such that a first drawing stage is formed between the second cylinder (7) and the third cylinder (8), whereby the drawing distance (D) is preferably adjustable, and a second drawing stage is formed between the third cylinder (8) and the fourth cylinder (9). The invention is used for the longitudinal drawing of synthetic films.

Abstract: A pleatable nonwoven material is provided, including thicker form-giving fibers and thinner fibers determining the filter effect, wherein the thinner fibers are incorporated largely homogeneously in the thicker fibers running in the direction along the surface of the nonwoven material and a distribution density gradient of the thinner fibers is established perpendicular to the surface of the nonwoven material such that the highest concentration of thinner fibers is in the region of the center or on one of the two outsides, wherein the thicker and thinner fibers are bonded together by solidification from the melted condition and are made from the same material.

Abstract: A film stretcher utilizes a spring bias to clamp the film. The film stretcher may include a stretch head having one or more clamps positioned about the film in locations necessary to clamp the film for stretching in one or more axes. The clamp may utilize a spring to provide the clamping force. The stretch head may include structures that operate to counter the spring bias to move the clamp to one state and then to allow the spring bias to move the clamp to another state. Thus, the stretch head may effectively clamp and unclamp the film.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrospinning apparatus for producing aligned and crossed nanofibers and method of electrospinning using said apparatus to produce aligned and crossed nanofibers.

Abstract: An apparatus for inflating film for manufacturing packaging material in situ, wherein the apparatus comprises an inflating unit, a film conveying provision, a sealing unit and a film receiving means for receiving a film roll, wherein the apparatus is a compact apparatus with a relatively small footprint and wherein the inflating unit, film conveying provision and the sealing unit are provided in a central unit on the apparatus and are operatively positioned with respect to a center of the film to be inflated and sealed viewed in a direction at right angles to a film conveying direction, wherein the film to be inflated is operatively engaged only in or near the center thereof by the central unit, for inflating the film from or from near the center, then sealing the film tight and conveying it, as well as a method for manufacturing packaging material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method suitable for producing a polymer film, particularly a polyimide film, perform drying and heat treatment using a tenter type feeding apparatus that suppresses the problems of deformation of film in the vicinity of pore into which the pins bite and breakage of the pores to form long pores in the width direction. The apparatus includes a device to suppress deformation of the film in the vicinity of the tenter pins at the time point when the both ends of the film is pierced with the pins and cools the pin temperature to less than 180° C. at the time when the film is pierced with the pins. Individual pins can be arranged on the innermost side of the pin sheets so that they are all disposed at the same distance both in the film feeding direction in the individual pin sheets and between other pin sheets.