Abstract: An arrangement for forming a web of fibrous media wherein at least one formed layered portion is attenuated from a first die source selectively unto a first collector and successively combining such portion with at least another formed layered portion which is attenuated from a second die source selectively unto a second collector, at least one of the outer surfaces of the web of fibrous media being of comparatively smooth skin-like nature to minimize projecting fiber ends.

Abstract: In the production of a spunbond web by aerodynamically stretching thermoplastic filaments from a spinneret, the stretching nozzle is formed by two nozzle-forming units each of which has a temperature control device, especially a heater, to minimize deformation at the stretching nozzle defining wall. The result is a reduction in the tolerance of the basis weight of the spunbond web.

Abstract: Morphologically stable BCF yarns, and the methods and systems for making such BCF yarns are provided. More specifically, the BCF yarn is melt-spun, drawn and textured. The yarn texturizing includes a relatively low efficiency fluid jet texturizer, that is a fluid jet texturizer operating at a sufficiently low fluid jet velocity and a sufficiently high fluid jet temperature to obtain a yarn skein shrinkage of less than about 0.50 inch, more preferably about 0.25 inch or less. Most preferably, the BCF yarns are formed of nylon-6 and exhibit an alpha-crystalline content of less than about 45%, and usually between about 45% to about 55%.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for melt spinning a multifilament yarn from a thermoplastic material, wherein a spinneret extrudes the thermoplastic material to strandlike filaments, which are initially in liquid form and then cooled to cause their solidification. For purposes of cooling, the filaments are precooled in a cooling zone downstream of the spinneret in such a manner that the filaments do not solidify. Subsequently, the filament bundle advances by the action of a coolant stream directed in the direction of the advancing yarn into a tension zone and undergoes further cooling until the filaments solidify in a solidification zone within the tension zone. To maintain the location of the solidification zone within the tension zone in a predetermined desired range thereof, an adjustable cooling of the filaments within the cooling zone is provided.

Abstract: A spinning-drawing-texturing machine for producing crimped threads is described, comprising a spinning device, a drawing device, a texturing device, and a take-up device. A plurality of threads spun by the spinning device is assigned to the drawing device, the texturing device, and the take-up device. According to the present invention, the drawing device and the texturing device are arranged in a processing module and the take-up device in a winding module underneath the spinning device. The processing module and the winding module are erected side by side and form one long side of the machine. This ensures a configuration divided by functional groups, which facilitates operation and increases operational reliability.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a spread fiber bundle using a fiber-spreading device composed of a group of rollers and a base body reciprocated to be repetitively brought into contact with and kept away from a running fiber bundle, and a method for producing a prepreg. Fiber bundle can be stably and efficiently spread even in the case where the fiber bundle to be spread are filaments having a high elastic modulus such as carbon filaments or where the carbon fiber bundle conveying speed is higher.

Abstract: A drawing unit including two or more slits extending in a widthwise direction of a collecting conveyor, each slit including an inlet for sucking groups of filaments pushed out from a spinneret, a path in which air currents flowing in a suction direction is formed for drawing the groups of filaments, and an outlet for blowing out the groups of filaments towards the collecting conveyor after the drawing. The drawing unit and a drawing method are capable of producing a non-woven fabric web with uniform thickness and with only a small number of density spots as a result of reduced entanglement of the filaments in the paths of the drawing unit.

Abstract: A cold drawing apparatus is interposed in a system for making a fibrous web and has an inlet for a plurality of melt spun continuous filaments, an outlet for the filaments and a pair of side walls extending between said in- and outlets and opposed to and spaced from each other in a transverse direction to define a passage therebetween so that the filaments are cooled and drawn as the filaments pass through the passage defined between the opposed side walls wherein at least one of the side walls is formed with a plurality of crests at predetermined intervals and a plurality of troughs each extending between each pair of the adjacent crests.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus are provided whereby the morphology of bulked continuous filament (BCF) yarns can be variably controlled. More specifically, according to the present invention, the BCF yarn is melt-spun, drawn and textured, most preferably in a one-step spin-draw-texture (SDT) process, wherein prior to texturing, the yarn is subjected to a differential temperature condition. Most preferably, such differential temperature condition is accomplished using the duo rolls employed in drawing the BCF, such that one of the rolls is maintained at a greater temperature as compared to the other of the rolls. Most preferably, it is the upstream-most roll (relative to the general conveyance path of the filament toward the texturizer) which is the hotter of the duo rolls.

Abstract: An extruder heats polymer resin to produce molten polymer and supplies the molten polymer at a constant pressure. A gear pump is in fluid communication with the extruder, receives the molten polymer and controls the polymer flow rate. A spinneret is in fluid communication with the gear pump and spins the molten polymer into the optical fibers. A heater controls the temperature of the optical fibers after the fibers exit the spinneret. The optical fibers are slowly cooled from molten to ambient temperature to eliminate radial morphological variations. A take-up roller tensions the optical fibers after the fibers exit the spinneret to maximize crystallization of the molten polymer.

Abstract: A yarn of meltblown thermoplastic fibers is manufactured by meltblowing fibers onto a collector to form a thin web thereon, and continuously withdrawing and twisting the web into a generally circular yarn. In a preferred embodiment the yarn has a reinforcing cord disposed therein to lend strength thereto. The yarn is suited for many applications, including knitted and woven fabrics, and cartridge filters.

Abstract: In accordance with the apparatus and method of the present invention an optical fiber is heated and twisted to produce a periodic modulation of the dielectric constant along the fiber axis. This structure can be used in any application that utilizes Bragg grating optical fibers. A preform is drawn through a heater and the resulting optical fiber is twisted about its longitudinal axis. The refractive index modulation in the optical fiber arises from birefringence induced by stress in the optical fiber that is twisted after being subjected to an uneven heat distribution during the drawing process. The refractive index is modulated by drawing and twisting the optical fiber from a specially constructed preform which is non-cylindrically symmetrical.

Abstract: A compact in-line high-speed apparatus and method for producing thermoplastic synthetic fibers includes a melt spinning device with a spinning block and a tow drawer; wherein the spinning block has at least one extruder, at least one spinneret block, and heating devices, and the tow drawer draws fibers spun from the spinning block as a bundled tow. Also provided is a drawn tow accumulating device equipped with at least two tow feeding rolls and a tow accumulating conveyer, wherein the tow feeding rolls feed the tow obtained from the tow drawer onto the tow accumulating conveyer, and the tow accumulating conveyer accumulates the tow fed from the tow feeding rolls. A high-speed tow stretching device is used for stretching tie tow supplied from the drawn tow accumulating device at high stretching speed.

Abstract: A unique isotropic sub-denier spunbond nonwoven product created by an apparatus comprising a unique multi-head resin metering system, a spinneret head with spinning sections, separated by a quench fluid extraction zone, a two sided, multilevel quench system, a fluid volume control infuser system which automatically guides the filaments into the filament drawing system while conserving energy by using a portion of the quench fluid as part of the drawing fluid and also minimizing turbulence at the entrance to the draw slot. The filament drawing system comprises a draw jet assembly with adjustable primary and secondary jet-nozzles and a variable width draw jet-slot. The entire draw jet assembly is moveable vertically for filament optimization. The offset, constant flow secondary jet-nozzle system provides an unexpectedly high velocity increment to the filaments by oscillating the filaments and increasing their drag resulting in remarkably low fiber denier on the order of 0.5 to 1.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making a first and a second plurality of fully oriented multifilament yarns on a fully oriented yarn spinning machine. This process includes spinning a plurality of filaments from a spin pack containing a spinneret plate; cooling the filaments in a quench chimney; applying finish on the filaments and converging the filaments into a first and a second plurality of the multifilament yarns; and drawing the first plurality of the multifilament yarns with a first stepped roll assembly and drawing the second plurality of the multifilament yarns with a second stepped roll assembly to increase their length by a fixed amount.

Abstract: The present invention that also possesses provides a method for producing a seamless tubular film based on cellulose comprising extruding an aqueous cellulose-N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) spinning solution through an annular die in a spinning bath, wherein the spinning solution forms the tubular film. The film is laterally drawn in an air gap between the annular die and the spinning bath by stabilizing air pressure in the tubular film. The level of hydrostatic pressure from an inner spinning solution formed inside the tubular film extends above the spinning bath, the inner spinning solution comprising an aqueous NMMO solution that supports and intensifies said lateral drawing. The tubular film that has been expanded by the lateral drawing process is passes by a turning point in the spinning bath, and directed out of the spinning bath.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention prevents the formation of pin-holes during stretching of strip laminates in the cross-machine direction (CD). Pin-holes are prevented by creating slack areas (10a) along the length of the laminate (10) where the edges of the non-woven strips (14) meet with the polymer film (12), pressing the slack areas (10a) into the interdigital stretching rollers (26) without stretching the slack areas (10a), and stretching the remainder of the laminate (10) in a typical manner. The slack areas (10a) are formed prior to interdigitation by, for example, formation of a furrow, a fold or a corrugation.

Abstract: A process for making a nonwoven fabric in which continuous fibers are evenly distributed and neither bundles nor lumps of the fibers, includes a guide box for continuous fibers being provided between extruding nozzles adapted to discharge the continuous fibers under hot air blast and a conveyor belt. The box has an upper end opening and a lower end opening being larger than the upper end opening. The continuous fibers are subjected to a suction effect provided from below the guide box so that the continuous fibers may be secondarily stretched and thereby thinned within the guide box.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for lacing an extruded tube of a non derivatized cellulose through an S-wrap to collapse the tube to a flat width. The lacing to form the S-wrap is accomplished without slowing the extrusion speed. At the start of the extrusion operation, the extrusion path leads between a pair of horizontally lacing members. After the leading edge of the extruded tube has passed downwardly through the space between the lacing members, the members are rotated as a unit to bring them into contact with opposite sides of the extruded tube. This collapses the and creates the S-wrap.

Abstract: A method of converting a plastics material into a yarn in which the plastics material comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyesters, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyphenylene sulphide, polystyrene. The method comprises heating the material to melt it, pumping the melted material through an extruder to form an extruded filament, and cooling the extruded filament. The cooled filament is passed through a first draw roller assembly while elevating the temperature of the filament. The filament is then heated in a heating zone as it exits the first draw roller assembly and, thereafter, the filament is passed through a second draw roller assembly operating at a different linear speed to the first draw roller assembly. The filament is spooled after exiting the second draw roller assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for blow spinning continuous fibers. The novel process utilizes a tensioning device to preclude slack in the fiber. The present invention also provides novel fiber products which utilize continuous fibers prepared by a blow spinning process.

Abstract: A melt spinning apparatus that prevents filaments passing through an unstable area from contacting one another. In a melt spinning method for thinning and solidifying each molten filament F ejected from a plurality of nozzles to obtain a yarn Y comprising a plurality of filaments F, each filament F being thinned is charged to the same polarity, and when the plurality of filaments F are assembled together, charge is eliminated from them. In a melt spinning apparatus 11 having an unstable area A generated necessarily during the rapid thinning of each filament F between a spinning pack 2a of an ejecting device 2 located above and a filament converging portion B located below, a charging device 12 is provided that charges each filament F to the same polarity between the spinning pack 2a and an inlet Aa of the unstable area A; also, a static eliminating device 13 is provided that eliminates charge from each filament F between an outlet Ab of the unstable area A and the filament converging portion B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a casting apparatus for formation of a resin-made membrane which is made to be capable of accomplishing a stable pressure reduction through a suction chamber irrespective of the dimension of an interval between a die and a cooling roll. Thus, in the apparatus according to this invention, a suction chamber is disposed independently of a die and is located to define a necessary seal gap with respect to a cooling roll. Further, a circumferentially moving mechanism is provided to shift the suction chamber along the circumferential directions of the cooling roll while maintaining the necessary seal gap. This invention is applicable, for example, to a biaxial oriented film machine, a non-oriented film machine, a sheet machine, and others.

Abstract: Device for heating a blown film web, inflated into a blown film bubble between a pair of forward draw rolls and a pair of take off rolls, comprises a frame mounted, driven pair of forward draw rolls and an opposite, stationarily mounted, driven pair of take off rolls for the blown film web hauled off the inflated bubble. Furthermore, there are collapsing mechanisms and mechanisms for inflating and heating the blown film web. To feed the correct amount of heat to the inflated web independently of its diameter, the heating devices comprise heating elements, which are arranged concentricly around the axis of the inflated blown film web and which can be moved toward and away from the blown film web by means of regulating drives in the radial direction.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing thermoplastic resin film which allows a biaxially oriented polyester film to be formed at a high speed of 400 m/min or more. In the method, a molten thermoplastic resin film is brought into contact with a cooling medium, to be cooled and solidified, for producing a cast film. The method is characterized by keeping the surface temperature of the cooling medium in the region immediately before the melt reaching position at not lower than the glass transition temperature and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin. The apparatus is characterized by a cooling medium having a heater and a cooler to ensure that the surface temperature of the cooling medium in the region immediately before the melt reaching position is kept at the requisite temperature, and by a surface temperature of the cooling drum in the region immediately before the film leaving position being maintained lower than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a non-woven polymeric fabric web, such as a spunbond web, having filaments of 0.1 to 5 or higher denier with equivalent production rates is provided. A plurality of continuous polymeric filaments are extruded from an extruder and attenuated by a drawing unit that includes a longitudinal elongated slot strategically positioned at an optimum distance very close to the spinneret to increase the filament velocity by reducing air viscous drag on filaments and a drawing unit slot having a lower slot length of approximately 210 mm or less to increase form drag. A web forming table is positioned below the drawing unit for collecting the filaments and forming the filaments into a non-woven fabric web. Filaments of increased tensile strength are created by stress-induced crystallization resulting from higher filament velocity due to increased force on the filaments with less air viscous drag between the filaments and air streams.

Abstract: A wrapping method comprises the prior stretching of a film wherein the prior stretching of the film advantageously includes a step of paying out the film from a feed reel, a stretching step, and a step of winding the stretched film onto a mandrel or a take-up reel in readiness for subsequent use. The film of the present invention is previously stretched under a large amount of tension, is released, and is then wound under moderate tension, under which the film is allowed to relax. The present invention is applicable to preparing film for wrapping loads that are optionally palletized and suitable for being put into place either manually, or mechanically.

Abstract: A wrapping method comprises the prior stretching of a film. The prior Stretching of the film advantageously includes a step of paying out the film from a feed reel, a stretching step, and a step of winding the stretched film onto a mandrel or a take-up reel in readiness for subsequent use. The film of the present invention is previously stretched under a large amount of tension, is released, and is then wound under moderate tension, under which the film is allowed to relax. The present invention is applicable to preparing film for wrapping loads that are optionally palletized and suitable for being put into place either manually, or mechanically.

Abstract: Polyester yarn is made by melt spinning the polyester filaments which are then cooled at least to solidification and heated by counterflow with prestretching to a crystallinity in excess of 24%. The prestretched filaments are gathered and stretched to after-stretching at a temperature of 80.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. to a final titer of 1.0 dtex to 7.5 dtex with a stretching ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:1.15. The yarn is then wound up at a rate of 5000 to 8000 m/min.

Abstract: It comprises a bowl (2) driven positively in rotation and a guide finger (3) which is spaced from the bowl (2) and is mounted on an arm (6) articulated relative to a support (7) mounted on the frame of the machine.The shaft (8) supporting the bowl (2) is equipped with a drive roller (12) which, in the working position, bears against a drive shaft extending over the entire length of the machine and common to all the workstations which the latter comprises.The articulated arm (6) is associated with means which, on the one hand, hold the drive roller (12) in bearing contact, with adjustable pressure, against the drive shaft during normal operation and, on the other hand, are neutralized when the articulated arm is moved away from said drive shaft.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing multifilament threads with at least one hot-air module 6 for drawing or relaxing the thread Y. To manufacture multifilaments with particularly high strength and to avoid the problems of the bearings of the rollers 9, 10 in the hot-air modules 6, at least one apparatus is provided for screening the hot stream of air from the rollers 9, 10, 10' of the or each hot-air module 6. Such apparatus may, for example, take the form of divider sheets 12. To facilitate the introduction of the thread Y into the hot-air module 6, it may be furthermore provided according to the invention that two rows of rollers 9, 10 facing each other are arranged in the or each hot-air module 6, at least the rollers 10 of one row being arranged in the direction of the rollers 9 of the other row and movable beyond these so that a meander-shaped arrangement of the thread Y can be achieved automatically in the hot-air modules 6.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for spinning, drawing, and winding a synthetic filament yarn, wherein a plurality of filaments are combined in a spin zone to a yarn. Subsequently, the yarn is drawn in a draw zone which includes a draw godet, and then wound in a takeup zone to form a package. To produce a cohesion of the yarn, the filaments are entangled within the draw zone before the yarn leaves the draw godet.

Abstract: A prestretch roller assembly for a film delivery system includes upstream and downstream prestretch drive rollers for engaging and stretching a stretch film web. The web extends around an upper portion of the upstream drive roller and thence directly to a lower portion of the downstream drive roller, to form a generally S-shaped path. The downstream drive roller is rotatably mounted on a stationary frame, and the upstream drive roller has one end rotatably connected to the stationary frame and a second end rotatably connected to a swing frame. An upstream idler roller is rotatably mounted on the stationary frame upstream of the upstream drive roller, and a downstream idler roller is rotatably mounted from the swing frame downstream of the downstream drive roller. The axes of all four rollers are coplanar when the swing frame is moved to a closed position.

Abstract: A glass-fiber bushing including a bottom tip-plate and side walls surrounding the bottom tip-plate forming a container for molten glass. The bottom tip-plate including a plurality of tips arranged to permit molten glass to flow there through to produce a multiplicity of individual molten glass streams from which glass fibers may be formed. The glass-fiber bushing includes at least one tip-plate thermocouple having a platinum tube housing, a pair of thermocouple wires transversing the tube housing and terminating in a weld junction. The tube housing, thermocouple wires and the weld are attached directly to the tip-plate such that the thermocouple junction is formed directly at the tip-plate surface.

Abstract: An insulating flow block having a plurality of bores extending therethrough to permit the flow of molten fiberizable material through the block, a bushing assembly having a bushing block with one or more bores extending through a peripheral region thereof to divert a portion of a supply of molten fiberizable material from a central region of the bushing block to the peripheral region of the bushing block, and a bushing positioned in general registry with the bore of the peripheral region of the bushing block to facilitate the flow of molten fiberizable material to a peripheral region of the bushing is disclosed.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for the production of melt-spun monofilaments having a diameter of 60 .mu.m to 2500 .mu.m from fiber-forming polymers, wherein the polymer melt is spun into air from a spinning head, laterally quenched in a spinning cabinet with a defined air velocity profile and then cooled in a liquid bath.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for extruding fiberforming thermoplastic polymers through spinning nozzles arranged in multiple rows are forming a non-woven web of high strength fibers. The molten fibers are accelerated by expanding hot gas flowing parallel to the extrusion nozzles and the fibers to a first velocity and cooled below their melting point, and subsequently accelerated to a higher velocity by an air jet fed with compressed cold air. The resulting fibers have a high degree of molecular orientation and tenacity and are collected on a moving collecting surface as a non-woven web.

Abstract: An apparatus for spinning, drawing, and winding a synthetic filament yarn, wherein the yarn is subjected during its drawing in a draw zone to a multi-stage heat treatment by heated surfaces. In the first heat treatment, the yarn is heated to the range of the glass transition temperature of the yarn material, and the yarn is guided over the heating surface while partially looping thereabout. The second stage of the heat treatment is formed by an elongate heating surface, and at least one of the heating surfaces is heated to a surface temperature above the melt point of the yarn material. In the draw zone, the yarn is subjected to a tension, which is necessary for a plastic deformation in or directly downstream of the first stage of the heat treatment. The process performed by the apparatus causes the yarn to be drawn and set.

Abstract: A glass fiber forming apparatus including a fin blade assembly having a manifold and a plurality of fins extending from the manifold. The fins are located beneath a bushing tip plate in proximity to and between the rows of tips to maintain a desired temperature among the glass filaments attenuated from the tips. The manifold is offset from the fin blades so as to allow clear visibility of the tip plate and unimpeded air flow passage through the fin blades during the glass fiber forming operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for manufacturing spun-bonded webs with a nozzle arrangement which spins out warps of yarns. The device according to the invention has a longitudinally-extended duct for generating a gas current which transports the yarns in the duct, and a depositing chamber with an air-permeable deposit belt for deposition of the yarns. The deposit chamber (9) surrounds the conveyor belt (2) in the deposition area of the yarns, and is in the form of a gas-tight casing (9), the width of which is greater than the width of the deposit belt. By means of the casing, a greater degree of vacuum may be used to generate the gas current, and thus the yarns are more intensively drawn. Furthermore, undesirable turbulence of the yarns at the edges of the deposit belt is reduced, and an improvement is achieved in the web structure in these areas.

Abstract: Polyester yarn is produced from melt spun filament by prestretching the filaments individually in counterflow with a gaseous medium and then afterstretching the polyester filaments with an individual titer of 1.0 dtex to 7.5 dtex with a stretching ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:1.15 at a temperature of 80.degree. to 250.degree. C. The filaments are collected and then wound up as a yarn at a speed of 5000 to 8000 m/min.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pre-stretched film, and to apparatus and a method of applying outer packaging to packages and to loads, optimized as a function of the structure and in particular the shape of the package or the load, in particular a palletized load, and also as a function of the transport and handling that the package or the load must be capable of withstanding without the outer packaging being dislocated. According to the invention, a stretchable film is stretched over at least one roller having a diameter that varies along its axis of rotation so as to form parallel longitudinal zones in the film that have different degrees of stretching. These zones make it possible, in particular, to track the external outlines of objects to be packaged and/or to provide locally-reinforced bonding, or on the contrary to present surfaces that are more relaxed. The present invention applies in particular to packaging and grouping together loads that may optionally be palletized.

Abstract: Improved equipment and method for spinning filaments for nonwovens using an integral spinbank including one or more spinplates producing filament bundles separated by one or more central conduits for quench air. Embodiments include high velocity quench air driven into the central conduit or quench air blown or drawn in from outside the filaments into the central conduit. Means may also be provided for removal of undesired waxes and/or other condensates through a central exhaust removal using the central conduit. As quench air velocity is increased through the central conduit, the streams tend to improve total quench flow by deflecting opposing flows into a uniform stream. Other variations include division of quench air into flow zones that may be independently controlled and varying the angle of quench air flow and/or the spinplates to maintain separation distance between quench air and filament bundles.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of using the apparatus to automate a labor intensive portion of the process of making continuous fiber products, like chopped glass fiber. In this process many fiberizers are used, each fiberizer forming as many as several thousand fibers. Fibers break frequently requiring the fiberizers to be restarted and this has always been a labor intensive part of the process. Apparatus for getting the fiberizers ready to restart quickly and for forming a fiber strand, apparatus for gripping the strand, breaking it and transporting it to strand pulling and processing equipment and apparatus for moving a newly started strand into a desired position on an optional strand separating and guiding means, and methods of using the apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for melt spinning a plurality of downwardly advancing multifilament polymeric yarns, and winding the advancing yarns into respective packages. Each of the advancing yarns is brought into contact with a separate yarn delivery mechanism which acts to control the yarn tension before the yarn is wound into a package. Thus, the yarn tension of all of the yarns can be made substantially the same when they are wound into packages, which permits all of the packages to have the same winding structure and the same packing density.

Abstract: A foil-blowing apparatus and start-up method utilizes switchable roller pairs and a seal in an upstream primary tube stretch to subdivide the interior of the primary tube into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the lower chamber being in communication with a rising stretch of the primary tube with the tube in a heating chamber which brings the extruded tube to a foil-blowing temperature. The foil is blown by the pressure in the lower pressure chamber, at least during start up.

Abstract: A wrapping machine for winding a web (1) of wrapping film from a roller (2) around an object to be packaged. The wrapping machine has a film dispenser (3) which comprises a frame (4) provided with at least one guide means (5, 11) in contact with the first side (1.sup.1) of the film 1 to guide the film; an openable gate section (7) provided with at least one guide means (8, 12) which is in contact with the opposite side (1.sup.2) of the film relative to the first side, the gate section (7) being pivoted on the frame (4) so that it can be moved between an open position (I) and a closed position (II); and a pre-stretching device (10) for preliminary stretching of the film. The pre-stretching device comprises a first pre-stretching roller (11) and a second pre-stretching roller (12).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing an oriented plastic strap having a predetermined desired thickness and flatness characteristics for use in connection with the strapping of packages or the like, is disclosed. A sheet workpiece is conducted into a nip defined between a pair of opposed milling and stretching rollers wherein one of the rollers is rotated at a lineal surface velocity which is greater than the lineal surface velocity of the other roller, and the rollers are rotated in opposite directions. One of the rollers effectively brakes or retards one of the surfaces of the sheet workpiece while the other one of the rollers effectively accelerates the other one of the surfaces of the sheet workpiece as the workpiece passes through the nip defined between the rollers whereby the workpiece is simultaneously milled and stretched.

Abstract: In a for the production of biaxially stretched films, a take-off roll 4 is arranged downstream of a draw-off roll 3 . A plastic melt is formed into an initial film by means of a slot die 1, cooled on the draw-off roll 3 and passed over the take-off roll 4 which has a predetermined surface roughness. The film is then biaxially stretched and heat-set.

Abstract: A spun-bond apparatus has at the lower edge of the diffuser below the filaments stretching shaft, cooler and spinneret, partitions which run from the lower edge of the diffuser to upper rollers and pressing roller pairs upstream and downstream of the diffuser along the perforated collecting belt on which the spun-bond web is formed. These partitions parallel to the belt and spaced 15 to 50 mm from the collecting surface have been found to limit turbulence which tends to affect the structure of the web in earlier spun-bond fabricating apparatus.