Abstract: The invention concerns non-dairy creams that comprise the usual compounds: water, vegetable fat, milk component and emulsifier, preferably a caseinate. Although the concentration ratio B/C.sup.2 (B=milk component, C=emulsifier) in these NDC's is high the viscosity of these NDC's is still less than 150 mPa s. Also a process is disclosed for the preparation of these NDC's, in which a specific order of processing steps is essential.

Abstract: A stabilizing and emulsifying composition for the preparation of low-fat spreads containingfrom 70 to 85% by weight of gelatin with a gel strength of between 100 and 200 blooms,from 7.5 to 15% by weight of iota-carrageenan andfrom 7.5 to 15% by weight of xanthan.

Abstract: A shakable, edible composition comprises a continuous aqueous phase having stably suspended first oil droplets. A second oil phase normally forms an upper layer contiguous with the continuous aqueous phase when the composition stands in a container, but the second oil phase is dispersible into the aqueous phase as second oil droplets upon sufficient shaking. The stably dispersed first oil droplets increase the ease of mixing the second oil phase with the aqueous phase and can provide improved organoleptic characteristics for compositions of the invention.

Abstract: A reduced fat ready-to-spread frosting composition comprises a sweetening agent; reduced levels of a defined triglyceride high solids index shortening; high levels of particular emulsifiers; about 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of a selected high strength gelling agent; and elevated moisture levels. The shortening system is characterized by a high solid fat index. The frosting composition has a density of about 0.95-1.20 g/cc, contains less than about 6% total fat, and is further characterized in that the weight ratio of triglyceride to emulsifier is about 1:0.3-0.5.

Abstract: A surface-active composition is provided which comprises phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, wherein at least 3 wt. % of the phosphatide is lysophosphatidylethanolamine and wherein the hydrolysis ratio of the degree of hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine and the degree of hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine is higher than 1.7. The composition is particularly suitable for use as emulsifying agent in edible fat-containing products, especially as anti-spattering agent in, for example, margarine. The surface-active composition can be suitably prepared by fractionating vegetable lecithin with, for example, a lower alcohol, partially hydrolyzing the insoluble fraction and recombining the partially hydrolyzed insoluble fraction with the alcohol-soluble fraction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a simulated cheese product wherein all or a part of the skim milk solids, acid casein, caseinates or rennet casein commonly used in a simulated cheese product is replaced with a casein material selected from the group consisting of alpha-S-1 casein, alpha-S-2 casein, beta casein, kappa casein, gamma casein, dephosphorylated native casein, dephosphorylated alpha-S-1 casein, dephosphorylated alpha-S-2 casein, dephosphorylated beta casein, dephosphorylated kappa casein, dephosphorylated gamma casein and mixtures thereof. The simulated cheese product is made by providing an admixture of the modified casein material with an edible lipid material selected from the group consisting of fat and oil and an emulsifying agent and heating the admixture with agitation to provide the simulated cheese product. Suitable flavoring agents and coloring agents may also be present in the simulated cheese product.

Abstract: Multifunctional fat-continuous emulsions having a reduced fat content are disclosed. The emulsions comprise a fatty phase, a thickened proteinaceous aqueous phase and an emulsifier system. The emulsifier system comprises mono fatty acid esters of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The emulsions are of use in the manufacture of baked goods as table spreads and as frying products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low cholesterol, low fat milk that has the taste and mouthfeel of whole milk or 2% milk. The invention also relates to use of said aforementioned milk to produce low cholesterol, low fat dairy products.

Abstract: Bread spread compositions (e.g., margarine) wherein the fat portion of the composition comprises a triglyceride oil or a non-digestible oil and a solid non-digestible sucrose polyester of a mixture of short chain and long chain saturated carboxylic acids, the molar ratio of short chain:long chain radicals being from about 4:4 to about 3:5 and the degree of esterification being from about 7 to about 8.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing a low fat or substantially fat-free food product such as pourable dressings and viscous dressings. The method includes the steps of heating and repeatedly shearing at least two times an aqueous dispersion consisting of from about 3 to about 10 weight percent of microcrystalline cellulose and from about 90 to about 97 weight percent water. The shearing occurs in a high shear zone having a pressure drop of at least 12,000 psi and the shearing is sufficient to fragment the microcrystalline cellulose to submicron sized microcrystalline cellulose fragments.

Abstract: Long chain diol diesters, notably 11- to 30- carbon aliphatic chains having two vicinal fatty acid esters or dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters, or two fatty acid esters of dicarboxylate-extended fatty acid esters separated by one or two methylene groups, attached to one end of the chain, are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements for foods.

Abstract: Collectively called cyclohexyl diol diesters, the fatty acid diesters of cyclohexanediol, cyclohexenediol, and cyclohexdienediol and their dimethanol and diethanol counterparts, are edible, preferably partially digestible, fat replacements. Methods of using the new fat mimetics and food compositions incorporating them are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low calorie fat substitute compositions that are useful as fat replacements in low calorie foods, and as pharmaceutical compositions. Sucrose fatty acid esters are preferred low calorie fat substitutes. The compositions are highly resistant to an undesirable laxative side effect. These benefits are achieved by formulating compositions comprising a liquid polyol fatty acid polyester, at least about 10% solid low calorie fat substitute by weight of the liquid polyester, and at least about 1% of a cohesive network of polysaccharide fibrils and microfibrils, for example microfibrillated cellulose, by weight of the liquid polyester.

Abstract: A low fat spread which is a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a continuous fat phase and a dispersed aqueous phase, the aqueous phase comprising at least 6% by weight of one or more proteins derived from milk and from 1.3 to 4.0% by weight of a modified starch, the fat phase comprising 18 to 37% by weight of the total composition of the low fat spread. The low fat spread of the invention has improved texture, mouthfeel and spreadability, as well as improved flavor.

Abstract: A frying fat having improved anti-spattering behavior due to the presence of a specific phosphatide composition, which phosphatide composition, however, induces only very limited browning on frying. The phosphatide composition is added at a very low concentration level of about 0.01 wt. %. The phosphatide composition used is enriched in PC and PI, at the cost of PE and sugars.

Abstract: A low calorie margarine and a method of making same, which margarine has a fat content of 19-38% and manufactured by emulsification of a water phase in a fat phase to directly provide a water-in-oil emulsion, in which the water phase, as a main ingredient, comprises a protein concentrate, and in which the fat phase comprises 70-100% cured (hardened) fat and the remaining fat being uncured fat, and in which the water phase comprises a heat treated and ripened solution in skim milk, butter milk, whey, water or any mixture thereof of between 2 and 6% by weight of starch and between 0.02 and 0.05% by weight of an emulsifier, which solution, after having been heat treated and ripened, is mixed with about 55-60% by weight of a protein concentrate having a protein content of 12.8%, and the fat phase is composed of fats and between 0.75 and 1.

Abstract: A process for producing a rolled-in type emulsified fat and oil composition by emulsifying 2 to 20% by weight of protein, 30 to 75% by weight of fat and oil and 18 to 65% by weight of water into an oil-in-water type emulsion, which comprises adding 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the fat and oil, of phospholipid which comprises mono acyl glycero phospholipid at least 40% by weight based on the total phospholipid and at least one emulsifier component to thereby provide the necessary oil-in-water type emulsion.

Abstract: Stable, edible protein-lipid food products are prepared by the comminution of raw vegetable material with fluid by-products of milk, such as cheese whey. Fluid by-products of milk have been found to be superior solvent systems for the extraction of stable protein-lipid complexes, in comparison with aqueous and alkaline extractants.

Abstract: Food coating compositions, e.g., sauces, are disclosed which impart desirable brown color and crisp texture to the surface of microwave-cooked foods. These sauces comprise a substantially water-immiscible liquid having dispersed therein effective amounts of a coagulant, and foodstuff which is grindable and exhibits crispness when substantially dehydrated and which has a low affinity for said water-immiscible liquid.

Abstract: A heat-sterilizable water and oil emulsion, preferably an O/W-emulsion, is obtained by incorporating from 0.05-5 wt. % each of a lyso-phospholipid (I) and a lipid-binding protein (II). Preferably the weight ratio between (I) and (II) is about 1:1. (I) is preferably obtained by treating a phospholipid or phospholipid-fraction with phospholipase A, and (II) is preferably blood serum albumin. Also a process of preparing the heat-sterilizable emulsions has been described.

Abstract: A process for tempering edible plastic fat products such as margarine and shortenings which comprises crystallizing with cooling a starting material of fats and oils with or without other ingredients and subjecting the resulting product to pressuring treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low cholesterol mayonnaise substitute which contains substantially no egg yolk or starch thickeners. The mayonnaise substitute comprises water, a vegetable oil, a food grade acidulent, egg whites, a food grade emulsifier with a hydrophillic-lipophillic balance ("HLB") of 10-18, at least one edible gum, flavoring, coloring, and spices in a stable oil-in-water emulsion. With this formulation, the mayonnaise substitute of the present invention is able to achieve substantially the same flavor profile as real mayonnaise and a texture profile at least as good as that of real mayonnaise.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediate melting sucrose fatty acid ester compositions that are capable of rapid crystallization from a melted state. The compositions comprise 60% to 97% by weight intermediate melting sucrose fatty acid esters and 3% to 40% hardstock triglycerides or hardstock polyol fatty acid esters. Preferably the average fatty acid chain length of the hardstock material fatty acids is not less than the average fatty acid chain length of the intermediate melting sucrose ester fatty acids. The sucrose fatty acid esters are characterized by their rheology, liquid/solid stability, iodine value, and solids at body temperature. Rapid crystallization of the esters is useful in preventing anal leakage, and it could also translate into a reduction of post-hardening in shortenings and margarines, and into improved high temperature stability and temperature cycling stability as may be encountered during distribution of these products to the end user.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly aerated fatty composition and food products made therefrom that are smooth and creamy, storage stable, and resistant to slump and collapse. The fatty composition comprises at least about 5% by weight fat substitute selected from sugar fatty acid esters and sugar alcohol fatty acid esters, where the sugars and sugar alcohols contain from 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and where each fatty acid group has from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms. The fatty composition is aerated to contain from 5% to 75% by volume edible gas dispersed uniformly in the composition.

Abstract: A fat composition suitable for use in bakery or in confectionery, comprising(a) an aqueous phase containing a disrupted yeast cells suspension or a wheat flour suspension treated with either a disrupted yeast cells suspension or a mixture of a disrupted yeast cells suspension and an yeast(b) a fat component and(c) an emulsifier,a bakery or confectionary product produced by using the fat composition and processes for preparing them. The composition can be prepared in large quantities and has a good preservation stability, and thereby becomes more excellent for producing in industrial scale the bakery and confectionary product, which has a good color and nature of crust, grain of crum, aroma and taste, and in accordance with the process, it can prepare the product easily and simply.

Abstract: A chocolate comprising a hard butter and a sucrose fatty acid ester, wherein said hard butter is a nontempering type and said sucrose fatty acid ester comprises capric acid, lauric acid or myristic acid as a constituting fatty acid and has an average degree of substitution of the fatty acid to the sucrose of 4 to 7, is disclosed. This chocolate scarcely suffers from any fat bloom upon storage and thus is highly preferable.

Abstract: An edible plastified product comprising a continuous fat phase and a dispersed gas phase which includes helium. The products according to the invention exhibit an improved spattering behavior when used for frying.A process for preparing an edible plastified product involves incorporating gas that includes helium in the composition that is to constitute the product and subjecting the gas-containing composition to plastifying conditions at super-atmospheric pressure. It is an advantage of this process that, with the use of gas containing helium, relatively small gas bubbles can be obtained relatively easily.

Abstract: A nongelling meltable spread composition useful as a reduced calorie margarine which includes edible fat at levels of from about 44 to 55 percent and a low D.E. maltodextrin at levels of about 2 to 8 percent.

Abstract: A low fat spread and process for preparing a low fat spread which is a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a continuous fat phase and a dispersed aqueous phase, the aqueous phase comprising at least 8% weight of one or more proteins derived from milk, and from 0.1 to 1.2% by weight of a modified starch, the fat phase constituting 18-35% by weight of the total weight of the low fat spread.

Abstract: An oil-in-water type emulsified fat composition which contains cheese and shows stable emulsification can be prepared by adding 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the fat, of monoacyl glycero phospholipid(s) as at least an emulsifier component and 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the cheese, of molten salt(s) in the emulsification of cheese, fat and water.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved, dual textured food products comprising a portion of one texture and a second portion of a different texture that exhibits enhanced shelf life stability. Preferred food products are fruit snack pieces comprising a soft, supportive, fruit-containing shell portion and a second, more fluid, variably textured core portion. The shell portion can comprise a dehydrated fruit puree composition. The core portion comprises an o/w emulsion to create a hydrophobic, liquid-fat barrier between the portions.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved, dual textured food products comprising a portion of one texture and a second portion of a different texture that exhibits enhanced shelf life stability. Preferred food products are fruit snack pieces comprising a soft, supportive, fruit-containing shell portion and a second, more fluid, variably textured core portion. The shell portion can comprise a dehydrated fruit puree composition. The core portion can comprise novel w/o emulsions characterized by low fat levels and defined gelled phases.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of an edible fat-containing product wherein a fat-containing fraction (a) of the composition which is to constitute the product is cooled to cause crystallization of part of the fat and a fraction (b) of the composition is mixed with fraction (a) containing partially crystallized fat in a mixer comprising two closely spaced mutually displaceable surfaces, each having a pattern of cavities which overlap during movement of one surface with respect to the other, between which surfaces the fractions to be mixed pass, and according to a preferred embodiment 10 to 99.99% of fraction (a) is mixed with 90 to 0.01% of fraction (b), calculated as volume % on the total composition.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of an edible plastified fat-containing product wherein a fat-containing composition is passed through a heat-exchanger comprising two closely spaced mutually displaceable surfaces, each having a pattern of cavities which overlap during movement of one surface with respect to the other, between which surfaces the composition passes, at least one of which surfaces is provided with means to control the temperature thereof, wherein more in particular one or both of the surfaces can act as heat exchanging surface. The surface(s) can either be heated or cooled.

Abstract: A spread with a butter-like taste which contains a heat-treated dairy cream containing at least 30% (w/w) of fat and wherein at least 50% (w/w) of the whey proteins have been heat denatured. The spread may also contain water and/or non-dairy fat.

Abstract: A food flavoring composition in aerosol form comprising a major amount of concentrate and a minor amount of a suitable propellant. The concentrate contains from 50 to 75% food grade oil, from 5-50% undissolved solids, an emulsifier with a HLB value of from 7 to 12 and substantially no moisture. The flavored product can be sprayed onto various foods such as popcorn for the needed flavor enhancement.

Abstract: A product and process for preparing the product, an all-dairy butter substitute that tastes like butter and has superior spread characteristics when compared to butter, but contains less calories, fat, and sodium, and more protein, calcium, phosphorus and potassium than butter, comprising a homogenized mixture of cream, non-fat dry milk, salt, locust bean gum, lecithin, mono and diglycerides, citric acid, water and natural flavoring formulated for packaging while the mixture is hot, without the need for subsequent agitation to achieve the desired body when the mixture is cooled.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a butter like dairy spread which is spreadable at refrigeration temperature and which has a content of vegetable fat which is higher than 30% and which has a iodine value of between 55 and 65, whereby cream having an iodine value of 25-40 and an uncured vegetable fat are treated and churned. According to the invention a vegetable "cream" having substantially the same iodine value and other oleic acid composition as butter cream from milk is prepared in that a cured vegetable fat is emulsified with a milk product, is pasteurized, it may be acidified and temperature treated and is cooled to churning temperature, whereupon the vegetable "cream" together with the uncured vegetable fat and some amount of animal fat, for instance ordinary butter cream, is churned, and whereby the total amount of cured and uncured vegetable fat is between 30% and nearly 100% as calculated on the total fat content of the dairy spread.

Abstract: Fat blends comprising milk fat and a non-milk fat comprising specific triglycerides, the composition of which being such that spreads produced from said fat blends have a plasticity and organoleptic properties reminiscent of dairy butter.

Abstract: A stable W/O/W type multiple emulsion containing very fine water droplets and suitable for use in the production of foods, cosmetics and medicines is prepared by using a glycerol unsaturated fatty acid ester as an emulsifier for a W/O emulsion.

Abstract: An edible water-in-oil emulsion useful as a low fat spread is provided which contains from about 10 to 900 ppm of an anionic or from about 10 to 75 ppm of a nonionic emulsion disruptor, the disruptors having an HLB from 9 to 20. Reduced salt levels, without adverse taste effects, are achieved by use of the emulsion disruptor. Alternatively, in the absence of salt level reductions, addition of an emulsion disruptor provides enhanced flavor perception to spreads.

Abstract: A butter-like spread which is spreadable direct from the refrigerator is obtained by blending a cream separated from cows milk with edible triglycerides of non-dairy origin and then churning the blend to form a butter-like spread which is separated from the resulting aqueous phase, the proportion of cream and triglyceride in the blend being such that the triglycerides of non-dairy origin represents at least 35% by weight of the total fat content of the spread.

Abstract: Edible water-in-oil emulsion spreads displaying good organoleptic properties, microbiological stability and release of flavouring ingredients are produced by incorporating, as a component of the dispersed phase of the emulsion, hydrated, non-crystalline, intact, undissolved starch particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) type multiple emulsion for foods, which is very fine and exhibits excellent stability. A stable W/O/W type multiple emulsion is obtained by using a polyglycerol polyricinoleate to obtain a fine W/O emulsion in a primary emulsification, and adding a water phase containing an emulsifier to the resulting W/O emulsion and mixing by agitating in a secondary emulsification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a composition comprising discrete particles containing 10 to 100% by weight of fat and having a particle size of 0.04 to 10.0 mm in a margarine matrix comprising the steps of introducing 0.1 to 80% by weight of said particles into said matrix at a temperature below the melting point of the particles while the matrix is in a liquid supercooled state; and cooling the composition. In an advantageous alternative embodiment said particles are sprinkled onto said matrix while it is still in solid, extruded, strand form. The sprinkled strands are thereafter combined and extruded in the form of prints, sticks or bars. If the particles as they are sprinkled onto the extruded matrix are larger than 10.0 mm, they are comminuted to the size range of 0.04 to 10.0 mm by passage of the particle and matrix mixture through a suitable perforated plate.

Abstract: Emulsified spreads, such as margarines, are made from structural fats having double-peaked differential scanning calorimetry curves, one representing triglycerides crystallizing at temperatures of from about 77.degree. F. (25.degree. C.) to about 50.degree. F. (10.degree. C.) and a second representing triglycerides crystallizing at about 41.degree. F. (5.degree. C.) to about 14.degree. F. (-10.degree. C.). The process for forming such spreads involves (1) cooling an emulsion of the structural fat, a soft oil and an aqueous phase to a temperature at or below the nucleation of triglycerides crystallizing at the higher temperature range; (2) working the emulsion; (3) cooling the worked emulsion to the nucleation point of the triglycerides crystallizing at the lower temperature range; and (4) working the emulsion a second time.

Abstract: A process for producing a stabilized, edible water- and oil-containing emulsion, particularly a margarine with a low level of salt with a reduced tendency to spatter during frying, comprising dispersing or dissolving in either the aqueous or the fatty phase an Amadori rearrangement product derived from phosphatidyl ethanolamine and a reducing sugar.

Abstract: A process for producing a reduced fat spread, comprising churning an oil-in-water-cream in the absence of an air/water interface, to increase its viscosity up to a value close to or equal to the peak viscosity, achieve partial phase inversion and obtain a spread with substantially the same level of fat as the starting cream, said spread comprising a network of aggregated fat and both encapsulated and free aqueous phase.

Abstract: An edible, emulsion spread is produced from a fat constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion and a cream constituting the dispersed phase of the emulsion, wherein the cream contains a fat having a higher melting point than the continuous fat. The emulsion is texturized, reheated and recirculated.

Abstract: Disclosed are a low-fat spread, preferably butter flavored, and a process for preparing it. The spread is a water-in-oil emulsion of relatively low calorie content due to a restricted fat content of from 30 to 70%, preferably 30 to 50%. The fat phase of the emulsion comprises a blend of a liquid oil with a hardstock, and the blend comprises from 10 to 30% of the fatty acids as C10, C12, C14 and C16 fatty acids and these fatty acids are predominantly in the trisaturated glyceride form. The hardstock is preferably a randomly interesterified mixture of a saturated lauric acid fat and a saturated palm fat or beef fat. The water is dispersed within the fat to a size which will permit cooling to a degree effective to achieve significant beta-prime crystal form. Preferably, the water globules will be reduced to about one micron in diameter, and the solid fat will be substantially completely in the beta-prime form.