Abstract: Shortening for a hard butter product which comprises crystallized fat composed of as a main ingredient 1,3-saturated-2-unsaturated triglyceride the total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid residues of which are not less than 50, and main crystals thereof being of their stable type. There is also disclosed aspect of the present invention is a process for producing a hard butter product which comprises adding the above shortening to a molten mixture of hard butter ingredients during cooling and solidifying of the mixture without melting crystals of the shortening.

Abstract: A process for tempering flavored confectionery compositions, in particular chocolate-flavored confectionery compositions, containing certain reduced calorie fats is disclosed. These compositions are rapidly cooled to a temperature of about 57.degree. F. (13.9.degree. C.) or less and then held in this cooler temperature range for typically at least about 16 hours. The cooled composition is then raised to a temperature in the range from above about 57.degree. to about 72.degree. F. (about 13.9.degree. to about 22.2.degree. C.) in a manner such that bloom formation (surface discoloration) does not occur. The resulting tempered product has a firmness and mouthmelt comparable to cocoa butter-based chocolate products.

Abstract: A cheese-like spread is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of a cheese composition and an emulsion inversion of a dairy product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are all vegetable oil fat compositions having a randomized palmitic acid oil as the sole palmitic acid oil. The novel all vegetable oil fat compositions are particularly for use in human infant nutritional products and combine a lauric acid oil, an oleic acid oil and a linoleic acid oil with the randomized palmitic acid oil. Sunflower oleic oil and canola (LEAR) oil may be used as oleic acids oils. For preterm or low birth weight infants, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are also included in the all vegetable oil fat compositions of the invention.

Abstract: A stable beta-prime tailored triglyceride hardstock is disclosed which exhibits superior beta-prime stability and yields improved texture, stability, oil retention, and/or flavor display when incorporated into various food products.The beta-prime stable hardstock of the present invention comprises: (a) from about 45% to about 98% of 2-Stearoyldipalmitin (PSP) triglycerides: (b) from about 2% to about 55%, of 1-Palmitolydistearin (PSS) triglycerides; (c) less than about 7% of tripalmitin (PPP) triglycerides; (d) less than about 7% of tristearin (SSS) triglycerides; (e) less than about 3% of diglycerides; (f) less than about 10% of total PPP plus SSS triglycerides; and (g) less than about 10% of the fatty acids of the total triglycerides and diglycerides being unsaturated.

Abstract: A method for processing glyceride fats and oils which comprises the steps of subjecting a mixture of a glyceride fat or oil and a monohydric alcohol fatty acid ester to an enzymatic ester interchange reaction; distilling the reaction mixture of the ester interchange reaction to separate a distillate from a processed glyceride fat or oil to recover the latter; subjecting the distillate to an esterification reaction to lower its acid value; and recycling the distillate for use as a starting material for the ester interchange reaction.

Abstract: Reduced calorie food compositions are produced by replacing at least a portion of the fat content of a conventional food with an improved low calorie edible oil substitute that does not have a laxative effect. This substitute is an esterified form of polymerized C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acids that has the property of being at least partly hydrolyzed by the processes of intestinal digestion into simple alcohols and polybasic acids. These polybasic acids are of sufficient molecular weight that they are substantially not absorbed by the intestine, and are thus non-caloric. Since only the alcohol portion contributes calories, the ester as a whole has reduced caloric availability as compared to triglyceride oils. Additionally, the edible oil substitute of this invention has the property of being altered in physical form by said intestinal digestion from an oil of low viscosity into either an oil of high vicosity.

Abstract: A fat substitute food composition containing a polysaccharide fatty acid polyester in place of from about 0.5% to about 95% of the total fat content of the food composition is disclosed. The polysaccharide is a polymer of at least three monosaccharides and has at least four fatty acid ester groups, each fatty acid portion having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A squeezable butter-like composition is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of a water-in-oil emulsion and an oil-in-water emulsion of liquid dairy products where the ratio of the emulsions is 6:4 to 8.5:1.

Abstract: Shortening compositions containing one or more dairy components are provided in a form in which they are pourable even though they may contain substantial amounts of a butter component such as whole, real butter. The shortening compositions have a eutectic characteristic wherein the solids content of the shortening composition is lower than the combined respective solids contents of the individual ingredients thereof, including a shortening base component such as an edible oil, the butter component and, when desired, a flake component. These shortening compositions exhibit a taste profile that is exceptionally close to that of real, whole butter, particularly when compared with products that do not include any real dairy components.

Abstract: A butter-like composition is produced which has a taste, texture and mouth feel which at least approximates that of butter and comprising a concentrated mixture of (a) at least one water-in-oil emulsion of a liquid dairy product, (b) at least one oil-in-water emulsion of a liquid dairy product, and (c) at least one water-in-oil emulsion of a vegetable fat. The ratio of (a) to (b) is at least about 6:4 but less than 9:1, the ratio of (a) and (b) to (c) is at least 1:3, and the total fat content of the composition is at least about 30%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to food or beverage compositions having an altered flavor display. The compositions contain polar or intermediate polarity flavor compounds. In addition, the compositions contain a fat phase made from triglyceride fat in combination with a particular sucrose fatty acid ester having a viscous rheology and high liquid/solid stability.

Abstract: Shortening compositions containing one or more dairy components are provided in a form in which they are shelf-stable to the extent that they can be stored at room temperatures for extended periods of time. These compositions can be formulated so as to be pourable, and they contain up to about 20 weight percent or more of a butter component such as whole, real butter, together with relatively low levels of water and supersaturated levels of salt or the like. The shortening compositions exhibit a taste profile that is exceptionally close to that of real, whole butter, particularly when compared with products that do not include any real dairy components.

Abstract: A process for the resolution of an emulsion which comprises an internal water phase, an external fat and/or oil containing phase and a finely divided metal contaminant which comprises mixing a contaminated emulsion with a volume of water sufficient to increase the total water content to at least 50% on a mass to mass basis, if the water content of the emulsion relative to that of the rest of the emulsion is less than 50% on a mass to mass basis; adding to the emulsion at least one of a suitable emulsifier and demulsifier; mixing the emulsion with a short-chain organic acid to lower the pH from to 3-5 and; allowing the emulsion to settle out into an upper layer comprising the external phase; a lower water layer and a bottom precipitate comprising the contaminant.

Abstract: A process for tempering edible plastic fat products such as margarine and shortenings which comprises crystallizing with cooling a starting material of fats and oils with or without other ingredients and subjecting the resulting product to pressuring treatment.

Abstract: Low calorie foods are produced by substituting for the triglyceride fats normally found in foods or food products, a fat substitute comprising an alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyester, the polyester having at least 4 fatty acid ester groups, wherein each fatty acid has from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, and wherein the alkyl glycoside moiety comprises a saccharide portion and an alkyl portion, the alkyl portion having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The reduced tartness preservation system disclosed herein at least two edible acids as complete replacement for conventional acid stabilizing systems (such as 100% acetic or latic acid) at standard or high total levels of acid. The edible acids are buffered to an increased pH using one or more edible salts to reduce tartness. Such amounts of sugar may be used to enhance the tartness reduction effect.

Abstract: A fat bloom inhibitor from an aromatic, alkyl or alkenyl dicarboxylic acid substantially reduces the tendency of white or grey deposits on the surface of chocolate, hard butters, compound coatings and fat based compositions for extended periods of time. The products containing the fat bloom inhibitors further exhibit a prolonged gloss appearance which would otherwise become dull and hazy. The fat bloom inhibitors are intimately mixed throughout the fat composition and are selected from aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The preferred dicarboxylic acids are the lower alkyl or alkenyl dicarboxylic acid such as adipic, sebacic acids, decane and dodecane dicarboxylic acids. Further, suitable dicarboxylic acids may include a hydroxyl or amino group or an ether, ester or amine linkage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a highly aerated fatty composition and food products made therefrom that are smooth and creamy, storage stable, and resistant to slump and collapse. The fatty composition comprises at least about 5% by weight fat substitute selected from sugar fatty acid esters and sugar alcohol fatty acid esters, where the sugars and sugar alcohols contain from 4 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and where each fatty acid group has from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms. The fatty composition is aerated to contain from 5% to 75% by volume edible gas dispersed uniformly in the composition.

Abstract: A powdery tempering accelerator which comprises a powder of stable crystals of a fat or oil composed of as a main component a 1,3-saturated-2-unsaturated triglyceride the total carbon atoms of the constituent fatty acid residues of which are 50 to 56. A method for using thereof in chocolate is also disclosed.

Abstract: Lauric fats particularly palm kernel oil are selectively hydrogenated to provide at least 25% of the residual unsaturation as trans acid, providing closely similar fats to expensive coconut oil products. The fat may be blended with others, particularly other lauric fats.

Abstract: A process for tempering flavored confectionery compositions, in particular chocolate-flavored confectionery compositions, containing certain reduced calorie fats is disclosed. These compositions are rapidly cooled to a temperature of about 57.degree. F. (13.9.degree. C.) or less and then held in this cooler temperature range for typically at least about 16 hours. The cooled composition is then raised to a temperature in the range from above about 57.degree. to about 72.degree. F. (about 13.9.degree. to about 22.2.degree. C.) in a manner such that bloom formation (surface discoloration) does not occur. The resulting tempered product has a firmness and mouthmelt comparable to cocoa butter-based chocolate products.

Abstract: Hardstock fat compositions of the present invention are comprise triacylglycerides containing one linoleic acid acyl group (C.sub.18:2) and two acyl groups independently selected from C.sub.18:0 -C.sub.26:0 saturated fatty acyl groups. The hardstock fats are essentially free of cholesterolemic C.sub.12:0 -C.sub.16:0 saturated fatty acids, yet retain all of the desirable characteristics which those cholesterolemic fatty acids impart. The hardstock fats are useful as components in comestible products, particularly in plastic shortenings.

Abstract: A hard butter composition suitable for the production of solid chocolate having soft mouth feel at the beginning of mastication and sharp melting in the mouth, while it can provide sufficient shape retention at an ordinary temperature. The hard butter composition comprises at least 85% by weight of a triglyceride component mainly composed of triglycerides having one unsaturated bond in one molecule and triglycerides having at least three unsaturated bonds in one molecule, and at most 15% by weight of a nontriglyceride component based on the total weight of said composition. SFI of the composition is at most 65% at 5.degree. C., 20 to 55% at 30.degree. C., 2 to 35% at 35.degree. C., at most 3% at 40.degree. C., and difference between SFI at 5.degree. C. and that of 25.degree. C. being at most 15%.

Abstract: A process for the fractionation of fats and oils in which the fat or oil is dissolved in a binary azeotropic solvent mixture. The solvent containing the dissolved fat is cooled to a first temperature to crystallize a high melting stearine fraction, and the high melting stearine fraction is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture. If the fractionation process has for its objective the production of a high melting fat and a lower melting fat (oil), the fractionation process is terminated at this point. However, if an intermediate melting solid fraction is the objective, it is desirable in the first crystallization step to remove a smaller portion of high melting stearine fraction and then to cool the remaining solution to a second temperature lower than the first to crystallize an intermediate melting solid fraction. The second crop of crystals is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture by filtration or decantation.

Abstract: Disclosed are preferred shortenings made with polyol polyesters. The Solid Fat Content curve and penetration of the shortenings is adjusted to increase smoothness and decrease graininess. Also described are food compositions that have enhanced flavors from the addition of particular sucrose polyesters.

Abstract: A chocolate additive for preventing fat blooming and useful for omitting or simplifying the tempering operations comprising powder particles composed of as the main component a 2-unsaturated-1,3-disaturated glyceride constituent fatty acids of which are unsaturated fatty acids having at least 18 carbon atoms and saturated fatty acids having 20 to 24 carbon atoms and a chocolate containing the additive.

Abstract: Substitute milk fat especially as a replacement fat in infant formulations comprises 2-saturated glycerides especially 2-palmitic acid glycerides, in which the 1, 3 positions are randomly occupied substantially by different shorter chain and/or unsaturated fatty acids. These glycerides are prepared by selective rearrangement of glycerides using 1, 3-regiospecific lipase enzymes as rearrangement catalysts, preferably in acidolysis rearrangement using unsaturated acid or alkyl ester thereof.

Abstract: A cacao butter substitute composition comprising (a) at least 80 wt. % of 1,3-disaturated-2-oleoyl glycerols comprising (a-1) up to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol, (a-2) 25 to 45 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerol and (a-3) 45 to 70 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol, said composition containing less than 20 wt. % of other triglycerides.

Abstract: A filler cream for use with sandwich cookies and other foods which is soft at room temperature yet is structurally stable during simulated adverse transport conditions is obtained with an oleaginous composition having a solid fat index of: (a) from about 9 to about 20 percent, preferably from about 11 percent to about 15 percent, at 80 degrees F., (b) from about 4 percent to about 11 percent, preferably from about 5 percent to about 8 percent at 92 degrees F., and (c) from about 1 percent to about 4 percent preferably from about 1 percent to about 3 percent material at 100 degrees F. The ingredients are aerated, mixed, and cooled simultaneously to produce a composition which has a specific gravity of from about 0.70 to about 1.20, preferably from about 0.77 to about 1.0, most preferably from about 0.85 to about 0.95. The filler creams of the present invention exhibit a non-gritty, smooth texture and "quick get away" characteristics.

Abstract: Hardstock fats suitable for use in edible plastic compositions including emulsion products such as margarine and low fat spreads comprises a substantially saturated fat of which the 2-fatty acids consist substantially of C.sub.16 and higher fatty acids and the 1, 3-fatty acids are randomly distributed and contains 50% or more C.sub.14 and shorter chain fatty acids. The fats may be prepared by lipolytic rearrangement under the influence of a 1, 3-regiospecific lipase enzyme as rearrangement catalyst. The fats are also suitable for use in chocolate filling compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduced calorie peanut butter wherein the oil phase comprises triglycerides containing at least about 10% by weight medium chain fatty acids. Preferably, medium chain triglycerides are used in the oil phase. It has been found that use of these triglycerides allows the desired peanut butter consistency to be maintained at lower levels of total oil.

Abstract: Oleaginous material is fractionated into two fractions having different melting points from each other by emulsifying all the oleaginous material with water and using with a surfactant having an HLB value of 5 to 10 as an emulsifier, at a temperature at which all the oleaginous material is substantially melted. The emulsion is cooled to a temperature at which one fraction of the oleaginous material crystallizes so that the emulsion forms a lighter phase containing the other fraction of the oleaginous material and a heavier phase comprising an aqueous phase containing crystals of said first fraction dispersed therein. The lighter phase is separated from the heavier phase and then the crystals of the first fraction are separated from the remainder of the heavier phase.

Abstract: A hard butter of the present invention is obtained by adding 0.05 to 20% by weight of polyglycerol fatty acid ester(s), which is prepared by binding four or more moles in average of fatty acid(s) to polyglycerol(s) having five or more in average of hydroxyl groups, to a hard butter. With the use of the hard butter of the present invention, the anti-blooming properties of a chocolate are enhanced with little limitation on the composition of the same. In particular, chocolates containing trans and lauric hard butters can be more freely compounded thereby than in the case of conventional ones.

Abstract: The hard butter of the present invention comprises a fat which is obtained from the pericarp of the Chinese tallow tree by extraction optionally followed by fractionation and has a solid fat content of 80% or more, 60% or more and 0.5% or less at 20.degree. C., 30.degree. C. and 40.degree. C., respectively. And the other hard butter of the present invention comprises 5 to 95% of the pericarp oil as defined above and 95 to 5% by weight of one or more fats selected from among, for example, sal fat, fractionated sal fat, fractionated shea fat, kokum fat, mango kernel fat, fractionated mango kernel fat and illipe fat.

Abstract: Fat fractions are produced by a process for the fractionation of fats and oils in which the fat or oil is dissolved in a binary azeotropic solvent mixture. The solvent containing the dissolved fat is cooled to a first temperature to crystallize a high melting stearine fraction, and the high melting stearine fraction is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture. If the fractionation process has for its objective the production of a high melting fat and a lower melting fat (oil), the fractionation process is terminated at this point. However, if an intermediate melting solid fraction is the objective, it is desirable in the first crystallization step to remove a smaller portion of high melting stearine fraction and then to cool the remaining solution to a second temperature lower than the first to crystallize an intermediate melting solid fraction. The second crop is crystals is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture by filtration or decantation.

Abstract: A hard butter composition suitable for a cocoa butter substitute which comprises as a main ingredient a triglyceride SUS, constituent saturated fatty acids of which contain at least 4% by weight of one or a plurality of fatty acids selected from the group consisting of behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid and arachidic acid, provided that the amount of arachidic acid is less than 4% by weight based on the total weight of the constituent saturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The blooming resistance improver of the present invention comprises an oleaginous composition containing 80 to 99% (by weight; the same will apply hereinafter) of fat(s) and/or oil(s), which contain 5% or more of fatty acid group(s) having 20 or more carbon atoms and show solid fat contents of 10% or above and 5% or above at 20.degree. C. and 25.degree. C., respectively, and a rising melting point of 25.degree. C. or above, and 1 to 20% of polyglycerol fatty acid ester(s). It exerts a remarkably high effect of inhibiting blooming on chocolates.

Abstract: A filler cream containing soybean oil is disclosed which has an improved "get away" property resulting in a rapid burst of flavor when consumed. The filler cream ingredients are mixed, aerated, and cooled simultaneously to obtain a specific gravity of between about 0.85 and about 1.20. The resulting filler cream is utilized as a filler for sandwich cookies or other baked goods.

Abstract: Reduced calorie edible fats and oils comprising triglycerides synthesized (tailored) with a particular combination of saturated medium chain fatty acids, saturated long chain fatty acids, and unsaturated long chain fatty acids are disclosed. In addition to providing caloric reduction, these tailored triglycerides also have acceptable autoignition characteristics making them suitable for use in shortenings and cooking oils.

Abstract: Novel fat mimetic compositions are disclosed as reduced calorie components. These compositions comprise a carbon backbone substituted with --CO.sub.2 R and/or --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R (carboxylate and/or methyl carboxylate) and with --O.sub.2 C--R and/or --CH.sub.2 O.sub.2 C--R (carboxy and/or methylcarboxy) functionalities. The preferred carboxy/carboxylate esters are partially, but not completely, broken down in the body. These compounds thus achieve reduced caloric value and reduced problems associated with non-metabolizable fat substitutes. The fat mimetic compounds are useful in all edible compositions.

Abstract: A sandwich cream filling composition of improved creaminess comprising a fat matrix consisting essentially of a plastic fat of defined SFI profile and melt point and a high stability oil also of defined SFI profile and melt point, said composition being characterized as having good stand-up throughout a wide temperature range from about 50.degree. F. to about 90.degree. F. and an imperceptible solids content at temperatures above about 98.5.degree. F.

Abstract: The invention is a cocoa butter substitute comprising sucrose fatty acid esters having at least four fatty acid ester groups, and having the following fatty acid composition: (a) from about 25% to about 50% lauric acid; (b) from about 50% to about 75% palmitic acid; and (c) up to about 5% other fatty acids, preferably selected from the group consisting of capric, myristic, and stearic acids, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the cocoa butter substitute can comprise sucrose fatty acid esters having at least four fatty acid ester groups, and having the following fatty acid composition: (a) from about 25% to about 50% capric acid; (b) from about 50% to about 75% stearic acid; and (c) up to about 5% other fatty acids.The cocoa butter substitute is noncaloric and less expensive than natural cocoa butter. It has the same desirable melting properties as natural cocoa butter.

Abstract: A hardstock suitable for producing margarines and reduced fat spreads rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and a process for producing such hardstock, which involves directed interesterification of liquid oils and random interesterification of lauric fats and long chain fatty acids, using a chemical or an enzymic catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to foods that contain both sucrose polyesters and vegetable proteins. The foods are effective in reducing blood plasma cholesterol levels. In particular, the invention is a fat-containing and protein-containing food composition comprising fat ingredients, protein ingredients, and non-fat and non-protein ingredients; wherein at least 1 gram per serving of the total fat consists essentially of a sucrose fatty acid ester having at least 4 fatty acid ester groups, each fatty acid having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; and wherein at least 1.5 grams per serving (by protein content ) of the total protein comprises vegetable protein.The invention is also a method for lowering plasma cholesterol levels comprising administering to a human susceptible to or afflicted with hypercholesterolemia the present food compositions, wherein the compositions are administered to provide at least about 0.

Abstract: A nutritonal fat suitable for enteral and parenteral products is disclosed. This fat consists essentially of from about 50 to 100% by weight triglycerides having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 group is selected from n-heptanoyl, n-octanoyl, n-nonanoyl, n-decanoyl and n-undecanoyl groups; and the R.sup.2 groups comprise from 0 to about 90% saturated acyl groups selected from n-heptanoyl, n-octanoyl, n-nonanoyl, n-decanoyl, n-undecanoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl and mixtures thereof; from 0 to about 90% oleoyl groups; from about 10 to 100% linoleoyl groups; and from 0 to about 10% linolenoyl groups.

Abstract: There is disclosed a sandwich cream filling composition comprising a fat matrix consisting essentially of a plastic fat of defined SFI profile and melt point and a hard butter also of defined SFI profile and melt point. The composition is characterized as having good stand-up throughout a wide temperature range from about 50.degree. F. to about 90.degree. F. and an imperceptible solids content at temperatures above about 98.5.degree. F.

Abstract: A mixed acid triglyceride inhibits a hard butter from fat-blooming, having as the main acid moiety 15 to 70 wt. % of saturated fatty acids having 20 to 24 carbon atoms and 20 to 60 wt. % of unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel, edible fat composition and food products adapted for human infant nutrition containing the novel fat composition. The fat composition comprises (a) palm oil; (b) an oil selected from olive oil and oleic oil; (c) an oil selected from coconut oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil; (d) an oil selected from soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil and safflower oil, and, if desired, (e) up to 2% calculated on the weight of the fat composition, of a lecithin such as soy lecithin. The amounts of the oils are so chosen that the composition contains defined quantities of linoleic acid, oleic acid, lauric and myristic acids and palmitic and stearic acids.

Abstract: Fat blends comprising milk fat and a non-milk fat comprising specific triglycerides, the composition of which being such that spreads produced from said fat blends have a plasticity and organoleptic properties reminiscent of dairy butter.