Abstract: The magnetic tape includes: a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder, in which the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal strontium ferrite powder and ?-iron oxide powder, and an amount of an edge weave of a tape edge on at least one side of the magnetic tape is 1.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided are composite array electrode, preparation method thereof and use thereof. The composite array electrode comprises a microelectrode array substrate, and a modification layer formed on a surface of a microelectrode of the microelectrode array substrate, wherein the modification layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive layers arranged at intervals on the surface of the microelectrode, an insulating layer arranged on the surface of the microelectrode except the electrically conductive layers, and wherein material for the electrically conductive layers comprises one or more of nano platinum, nano iridium, conductive polymer and carbon nanotubes. The composite array electrode effectively eliminates the influence of edge effect such that the electric field distributes uniformly on the microelectrode surface of the composite array electrode, significantly improving electrochemical performance and detection capability of the electrode.

Abstract: The magnetic tape includes: a non-magnetic support; a magnetic layer that includes ferromagnetic powder on one surface side of the non-magnetic support; and a back coating layer that includes non-magnetic powder on the other surface side of the non-magnetic support, in which the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic powder selected from the group consisting of hexagonal strontium ferrite powder and ?-iron oxide powder, and the number of protrusions having a height of 50 nm or more and less than 75 nm on a surface of the back coating layer is 700 pieces/6400 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support and a magnetic layer, in which an edge shape of the timing-based servo pattern, specified by magnetic force microscopy is a shape in which a difference between a value L99.9 of a cumulative distribution function of 99.9% and a value L0.1 of a cumulative distribution function of 0.1% in a position deviation width from an ideal shape of the magnetic tape in a longitudinal direction is 180 nm or less, and in which a difference between a spacing Safter measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry after ethanol cleaning and a spacing Sbefore measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry before ethanol cleaning is greater than 0 nm and 6.0 nm or less.

Abstract: The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer in which the magnetic layer has a timing-based servo pattern, an edge shape of the timing-based servo pattern, specified by magnetic force microscopy is a shape in which a difference between a value L99.9 of a cumulative distribution function of 99.9% and a value L0.1 of a cumulative distribution function of 0.1% in a position deviation width from an ideal shape of the magnetic tape in a longitudinal direction is 180 nm or less, and a difference between a spacing Safter measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry after methyl-ethyl-ketone cleaning and a spacing Sbefore measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry before methyl-ethyl-ketone cleaning is greater than 0 nm and 15.0 nm or less.

Abstract: The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support and a magnetic layer, in which an edge shape of the timing-based servo pattern, specified by magnetic force microscopy is a shape in which a difference between a value L99.9 of a cumulative distribution function of 99.9% and a value L0.1 of a cumulative distribution function of 0.1% in a position deviation width from an ideal shape of the magnetic tape in a longitudinal direction is 180 nm or less, and in which a difference between a spacing Safter measured on a surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry after ethanol cleaning and a spacing Sbefore measured on the surface of the magnetic layer by an optical interferometry before ethanol cleaning is greater than 0 nm and 6.0 nm or less.

Abstract: A cleaning liquid includes a liquid (53), a first fine gas bubble group (59a) included in the liquid (53) and having a gas at a first temperature, and a second fine gas bubble group (59b) included in the liquid (53) and having a gas at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature. Therefore, it is possible to provide a cleaning liquid that exhibits a remarkably better cleaning effect than ever before.

Abstract: The magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including ferromagnetic powder and a binding agent on the non-magnetic support, in which the magnetic layer includes a timing-based servo pattern, the ferromagnetic powder is ferromagnetic hexagonal ferrite powder having an activation volume equal to or smaller than 1,600 nm3, an XRD intensity ratio Int(110)/Int(114) obtained by an X-ray diffraction analysis of the magnetic layer by using an In-Plane method is 0.5 to 4.0, a vertical direction squareness ratio of the magnetic tape is 0.65 to 1.00, and an edge shape of the timing-based servo pattern specified by magnetic force microscope observation is a shape in which a difference (L99.9?L0.1) is equal to or smaller than 180 nm, and a magnetic tape device including the magnetic tape.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rare earth magnet includes: preparing a powder by preparing a rapidly-solidified ribbon by liquid solidification, and by crushing the rapidly-solidified ribbon; manufacturing a sintered compact by press-forming the powder; and manufacturing a rare earth magnet by performing hot deformation processing on the sintered compact to impart anisotropy to the sintered compact. In this method, the rapidly-solidified ribbon is a plurality of fine crystal grains. The powder includes a RE-Fe—B main phase and a grain boundary phase of a RE-X alloy present around the main phase. RE represents at least one of Nd and Pr. X represents a metal element. A nitrogen content in the powder is adjusted to be at least 1,000 ppm and less than 3,000 ppm by performing at least one of the preparation of the powder and the manufacturing of the sintered compact in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: There is provided a palladium plate coated material (100) comprising: a base material (10); an underlying alloy layer (20) formed on the base material (10); and a palladium plated layer (30) formed on the underlying alloy layer (20). The palladium plate coated material (100) is characterized in that the underlying alloy layer (20) is formed of an M1-M2-M3 alloy (where M1 is at least one element selected from Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Sn, M2 is at least one element selected from Pd, Re, Pt, Rh, Ag and Ru, and M3 is at least one element selected from P and B).

Abstract: A plating method can improve adhesivity with an underlying layer. The plating method of performing a plating process on a substrate includes forming a first plating layer 23a serving as a barrier film on a substrate 2; baking the first plating layer 23a; forming a second plating layer 23b serving as a barrier film; and baking the second plating layer 23b. A plating layer stacked body 23 serving as a barrier film is formed of the first plating layer 23a and the second plating layer 23b.

Abstract: A magnetic article with a corrosion resistant barrier formed from a poly (tetrafluoro-p-xylene) conformal coating or from a parylene conformal coating having a melting point of at least about 430° C. and a moisture vapor transmission less than about 0.5 g-mm/m2/day at 90% RH and 37° C., the conformal coating being covered with a polysulfone thermoplastic overlayer.

Abstract: A magnetic article with a corrosion resistant barrier formed from a poly(tetrafluoro-p-xylene) conformal coating or from a parylene conformal coating having a melting point of at least about 430° C. and a moisture vapor transmission less than about 0.5 g-mm/m2/day at 90% RH and 37° C., the conformal coating being covered with a polysulfone thermoplastic overlayer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a blank of lithium silicate glass a starting composition of at least 8 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, HfO2, and mixtures thereof, wherein the method includes the steps of mixing the raw materials comprising the stabilizer in powder form, wherein the powder of the stabilizer has a particle size d50=x with 0.3 ?m?x?1.5 ?m, melting the raw materials in a crucible at a temperature TAU and storing the melt in the crucible for a time tH, pouring the homogenized melt into molds, wherein the melt flows out of the crucible with a discharge temperature TAB being TAU?TAB, wherein the filling of the molds and the molding of the melt in the molds takes place with a cooling rate A.

Abstract: Glass and glass ceramic compositions having a combination of lithium disilicate and ?-spodumene crystalline phases along with methods of making the glass and glass ceramic compositions are described. The compositions are compatible with conventional rolling and float processes and have high mechanical strength and fracture resistance. Further, the compositions are able to be chemically tempered to even higher strength glass ceramics that are useful as large substrates in multiple applications.

Abstract: A method of forming a coating, comprises applying a first coating to a substrate having a plurality of topographical features, planarizing a top surface of the first coating, and drying the first coating after planarizing the top surface. The first coating may be applied over the plurality of topographical features, and may be substantially liquid during application. The first coating may optionally be a conformal coating over topographical features of the substrate. The conformal coating may be dried prior to planarizing the top surface of the first coating. A solvent may be applied to the conformal coating, with the top surface of the conformal coating being substantially planar after application of the solvent. The first coating may have a planar surface prior to drying the first coating, and the first coating may be dried without substantial spin-drying by modifying an environment of the first coating.

Abstract: A continuous-media perpendicular magnetic recording disk has a granular recording layer (RL) with controlled grain pitch distribution and controlled long range ordering of the grains. The disk includes a substrate with a template layer for the RL that comprises a blend of at least two different sized nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have a nanoparticle core with attached polymer ligands. The nanoparticle cores protrude above the surface of the template layer to provide a nonplanar surface topology. The blend of two sizes of nanoparticles causes the RL to have low grain pitch distribution and a disruption of long range ordering so that there are no large magnetic rafts. One of the nanoparticles types has a diameter greater than 105% of the diameter of the other nanoparticle type and is present in the total blend of nanoparticles of between about 5% and 35% or between about 55% and 90%.

Abstract: A common mode filter a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The common mode filter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: a magnetic substrate; a receiving groove formed on the magnetic substrate; a dielectric layer formed in the receiving groove and having a coil pattern included therein; and a magnetic layer formed on upper surfaces of the dielectric layer and the magnetic substrate.

Abstract: Provided herein is a microwave device using a magnetic material nano wire array and a manufacturing method thereof, the device including a template having a nano hole array filled with a metal magnetic material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) devices. The method, which utilizes in-situ annealing and etch-back of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) film stack, comprises the steps of depositing a barrier layer on top of a bottom magnetic layer and then depositing an interface magnetic layer on top of the barrier layer to form an MTJ film stack; annealing the MTJ film stack at a first temperature and then cool the MTJ film stack to a second temperature lower than the first temperature; etching away a top portion of the interface magnetic layer; and depositing at least one top layer on top of the etched interface magnetic layer. The method may further include the step of annealing the MTJ film stack at a third temperature between the first and second temperature after the step of depositing at least one top layer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprising (1) a substrate, (2) an interlayer comprising hexagonal columns and (3) a magnetic layer, wherein the magnetic layer is deposited applying a bias voltage to the substrate such that the magnetic layer comprises magnetic grains having substantially no sub-grains within the magnetic layer, and the magnetic layer has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.

Abstract: Microspheres, populations of microspheres, and methods for forming microspheres are provided. One microsphere configured to exhibit fluorescent and magnetic properties includes a core microsphere and a magnetic material coupled to a surface of the core microsphere. About 50% or less of the surface of the core microsphere is covered by the magnetic material. The microsphere also includes a polymer layer surrounding the magnetic material and the core microsphere. One population of microspheres configured to exhibit fluorescent and magnetic properties includes two or more subsets of microspheres. The two or more subsets of microspheres are configured to exhibit different fluorescent and/or magnetic properties. Individual microspheres in the two or more subsets are configured as described above.

Abstract: An aqueous cleaning composition for a substrate for a perpendicular magnetic recording hard disk including a Ni—P containing layer contains at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of surfactants represented by Formulas (1) to (6) and has a pH at 25° C. of 5 or less. In Formula (1), R1 is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 10 to 16, and X is a halogen atom.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a magnetic disk glass substrate, wherein, in a main surface polishing process, main surface polishing is applied to one of main surfaces of a glass substrate so that the one main surface has a predetermined arithmetic mean roughness, and main surface polishing is applied to the other main surface of the glass substrate so that the other main surface has a roughness which is higher than the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the one main surface and which is low enough to prevent a component forming the magnetic disk glass substrate from being eluted from the other main surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, magnetic read head includes a seed layer including an amorphous alloy film and Ru film positioned thereon, and an antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer positioned above the seed layer, the AFM layer including an alloy of MnIr having an L12 ordered phase, the amorphous alloy including a Co—X alloy having more Co than any other element, with X including at least one of: Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf, W, Si, and Al. In another embodiment, a method for forming a magnetic read head includes forming a seed layer above a substrate, heating at least the substrate to a first temperature in a range from about 150° C. to about 300° C., cooling at least the substrate to a second temperature of less than about 100° C., and forming an AFM layer above the seed layer between the heating and the cooling, the AFM layer comprising a MnIr alloy.

Abstract: A magnetic write head is fabricated with its main pole attached to and magnetically coupled to a tapered yoke. The tapered yoke can be a top yoke (on the trailing side of the pole), a bottom yoke (on the leading side of the pole) or a combination of top and bottom configurations. The tapered portion of the yoke is at the distal end of the yoke and it is an extension of an otherwise uniformly thick yoke. It is found that the taper enables the yoke to be close to the ABS for better response times and a high data rate, while simultaneously being distant, producing less field disturbance by the shields and corresponding improvement of BER, and ATE/WATE. A taper of 45° is optimal for its production of uniform magnetization of the pole and optimal response times.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing rare-earth magnets includes, a first step of producing a compact C by subjecting a sintered body S, which is formed of a RE—Fe—B main phase MP having a nanocrystalline structure (where RE is at least one of neodymium and praseodymium) and a grain boundary phase BP of an RE—X alloy (where X is a metal element) located around the main phase, to hot plastic processing that imparts anisotropy; and a second step of producing a rare-earth magnet RM by melting a RE—Y—Z alloy which increases the coercive force of the compact C (where Y is a transition metal element, and Z is a heavy rare-earth element), together with the grain boundary phase BP, and liquid-phase infiltrating the RE—Y—Z alloy melt from a surface of the compact C.

Abstract: PROBLEM: To provide a production method of an anisotropic rare earth magnet capable of being enhanced in coercivity without adding a large amount of a rare metal such as Dy and Tb. MEANS FOR RESOLUTION: A production method of a rare earth magnet, comprising a step of bringing a compact obtained by applying hot working to impart anisotropy to a sintered body having a rare earth magnet composition into contact with a low-melting-point alloy melt containing a rare earth element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a large amount of hard-soft magnetic nanocomposite powder in short time. The hard-soft magnetic nanocomposite powder of present invention has some merits such as independence from resource supply problem of rare earth elements and low price and can overcome physical and magnetic limitations possessed by the conventional ferrite monophased material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium is disclosed, as well as a magnetic recording medium manufactured by the method. In the manufacturing method, the uneven pattern has magnetic recording elements in protruding portions formed above a substrate, and depressed portions between the recording elements are filled with a filling material. The method allows a high quality magnetic recording medium to be manufactured inexpensively by eliminating the process of removing excess filling material used to fill depressions between magnetic recording elements, because the method allows material to be filled only in the depressed portions of an uneven pattern. The method includes a technique rendering the wettability of the protruding portion surfaces and the depressed portion surfaces different prior to the process of filling with the filling material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a magnetic recording medium having a clear magnetic recording pattern through a simple process. The method includes: forming a magnetic layer on the non-magnetic substrate; forming a mask layer which covers a surface of the magnetic layer; forming a resist layer on the mask layer; patterning the resist layer using a stamp; patterning the mask layer using the resist layer, forming a recess by partially removing a portion of the magnetic layer not covered by the mask layer; forming a non-magnetic layer which covers a surface where a recess is formed; flattening a surface of the non-magnetic layer until the mask layer is exposed; removing an exposed mask layer; removing a protruding portion of the non-magnetic layer; and forming a protective layer which covers a surface where the protruding portion was removed.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for three-dimensional (3-D) through-glass via inductors. In one aspect, the through-glass via inductor includes a glass substrate with a first cavity, a second cavity, and at least two through-glass vias. The through-glass vias include metal bars that are connected by a metal trace. The metal bars and the metal trace define the inductor, and each cavity is at least partially filled with magnetic material. The magnetic material can include a plurality of particles having an average diameter of less than about 20 nm. The first cavity can be inside the inductor and the second cavity can be outside inductor. In some implementations, the first and the second cavity can be vias that extend only partially through the glass substrate.

Abstract: A track shield structure is disclosed that enables higher track density to be achieved in a patterned track medium without increasing adjacent track erasure and side reading. This is accomplished by placing a soft magnetic shielding structure in the space that is present between the tracks in the patterned medium. A process for manufacturing the added shielding structure is also described.

Abstract: A method provides a PMR transducer. In one aspect, the method includes forming a trench in an intermediate layer using reactive ion etch(es). The trench top is wider than its bottom. In this aspect, the method also includes providing a seed layer using atomic layer deposition and providing a PMR pole on the seed layer. Portion(s) of the seed layer and PMR pole reside in the trench. In another aspect, the method includes providing a mask including a trench having a top wider than its bottom. In this aspect, the method includes providing mask material in the trench, providing an intermediate layer on the mask material and removing the mask material to provide another trench in the intermediate layer. In this aspect, the method also includes providing a PMR pole in the additional trench.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate and a magnetic layer coupled to the substrate. The magnetic layer includes an alloy that has magnetic hardness that is a function of the degree of chemical ordering of the alloy. The degree of chemical ordering of the alloy in a first portion of the magnetic layer is greater than the degree of chemical ordering of the alloy in a second portion of the magnetic layer, and the first portion of the magnetic layer is closer to the substrate than the second portion of the magnetic layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass substrate comprises the steps of forming a glass blank with opposing substantially planar surfaces and at least one edge, coating the glass blank in silica-alumina nanoparticles, the silica-alumina nanoparticles comprising an inner core of silica with an outer shell of alumina, annealing the coated glass blank to form a conformal coating of silica-alumina around the glass blank, and polishing the coated glass blank to remove the conformal coating of silica-alumina from the opposing substantially planar surfaces thereof.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a glass substrate for an information recording medium including a step for chemically strengthening the glass substrate by contacting the glass substrate with chemical strengthening processing liquid containing chemical strengthening salt, concentration of Fe and Cr is 500 ppb or less in said chemical strengthening salt, respectively. The concentration may be detected by the use of an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectrometry analyzing method or a fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy analyzing method.

Abstract: In a method in which a cut line is formed on one surface of a planar glass material, and the cut line is allowed to extend in the thickness direction of the glass material, thereby cutting a glass substrate from the glass material, the cut line is selectively formed on a surface having relatively small surface waviness out of two opposing surfaces of the glass material. In the case of a glass material formed into a planar shape on a molten metal, the surface which has come into contact with the molten metal is selected as the surface having relatively small surface waviness. When a disk-shaped glass substrate is cut from the glass material, cutting is performed under conditions where either one of the thickness and the radius of the glass material and the maximum height of surface waviness of the glass material satisfy a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: Provided is an oriented piezoelectric material with satisfactory sintering property free of Pb that is a hazardous substance, and a water-soluble alkaline ion, and a production method therefor. To this end, provided is a compound, including a tungsten bronze structure metal oxide, in which: the tungsten bronze structure metal oxide contains at least metal elements of Ba, Bi, Ca, and Nb, the metal elements satisfying the following conditions in terms of molar ratio; and has a C-axis orientation. The compound shows Ba/Nb=a: 0.363<a<0.399, Bi/Nb=b: 0.0110<b<0.0650, and Ca/Nb=c: 0.005<c<0.105. The tungsten bronze structure metal oxide preferably includes (1?x).Ca1.4Ba3.6Nb10O30?x.Ba4Bi0.67Nb10O30 (0.30?x?0.95).

Abstract: A spin toque transfer magnetic random access memory (STTMRAM) element and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed having a free sub-layer structure with enhanced internal stiffness. A first free sub-layer is deposited, the first free sub-layer being made partially of boron (B), annealing is performed of the STTMRAM element at a first temperature after depositing the first free sub-layer to reduce the B content at an interface between the first free sub-layer and the barrier layer, the annealing causing a second free sub-layer to be formed on top of the first free sub-layer and being made partially of B, the amount of B of the second free sub-layer being greater than the amount of B in the first free sub-layer.

Abstract: A method according to embodiments of the present invention comprises providing a magnetic stack comprising a magnetic layer sub-stack comprising magnetic layers and a bottom conductive electrode and a top conductive electrode electrically connecting the magnetic layer sub-stack at opposite sides thereof; providing a sacrificial pillar on top of the magnetic stack, the sacrificial pillar having an undercut with respect to an overlying second sacrificial material and a sloped foot with increasing cross-sectional dimension towards the magnetic stack, using the sacrificial pillar for patterning the magnetic stack, depositing an insulating layer around the sacrificial pillar, selectively removing the sacrificial pillar, thus creating a contact hole towards the patterned magnetic stack, and filling the contact hole with electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic disk glass substrate has a cleaning step of cleaning the glass substrate. In the cleaning step, the cleaning is performed under an acidic condition using a cleaning liquid containing oxalate ions and bivalent iron ions. In parallel with the cleaning step or before or after the cleaning step, trivalent iron ions generated by oxidation of the bivalent iron ions contained in the cleaning liquid are reduced by ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the fabrication of rigid memory disks, including a metal plating composition which impedes deposition of non-metallic particles during a plating process. The plating composition includes at least one sulfated fatty acid ester additive, or mixtures or salts thereof, of formula: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of OH, OCH2, H2CH3, C1-C7 alkyl, linear or branched; R2 selected from H and C1-C7 alkyl, linear or branched; m=1 to about 5; n=2 to about 30; o=0 to about 10; M+ is a metal or pseudo metal ion or H+. The additive has a zeta potential which impedes deposit of non-metallic particles. The invention is further directed to a method for electroless plating utilizing the additive composition in a bath with at least a stabilizing agent, complexing agent and reducing agent and source of metal ions.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor comprising a first shield and a second shield and a sensor stack between the first and the second shield, the sensor stack having a plurality of layers wherein at least one layer is annealed using in-situ rapid thermal annealing. In one implementation of the magnetic sensor a seed layer is annealed using in-situ rapid thermal annealing. Alternatively, one of a barrier layer, an AFM layer, and a cap layer is annealed using in-situ rapid thermal annealing.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a patterned magnetic storage medium is disclosed herein. The magnetic storage medium includes a pattern formed on a substrate. The pattern includes at least a first and second feature and an edge defined between the first and second features. Additionally, the magnetic storage medium includes a magnetic layer formed on the pattern. The magnetic layer includes grains separated by a non-magnetic segregant boundary. The segregant boundary is positioned above the edge of the pattern.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a plurality of regions of magnetic material in a substrate having a first approximately planar surface. The method comprises the steps of fabricating projections in the first surface of the substrate, depositing onto the first surface a magnetic material in such a way that the tops of the projections are covered with magnetic material, and depositing filler material atop the substrate so produced. The filler material may then be planarized, for example by chemical-mechanical polishing. In an alternative embodiment magnetic material is deposited on a substrate and portions of it are removed, leaving islands of material. Filler material is then deposited, which may be planarized.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing discrete track media and patterned media is disclosed which enables a magnetic recording layer having excellent magnetic characteristics to be obtained without imparting damage to a crystal orientation control layer which is at the surface when forming the magnetic recording layer. The method for manufacturing magnetic recording media comprises a process of forming a soft magnetic layer on a substrate; a process of forming a first crystal orientation control layer on the soft magnetic layer; a process of providing a depression in at least a portion of the first crystal orientation control layer; a process of performing heat treatment of the first crystal orientation control layer; and a process of forming a magnetic recording layer on the first crystal orientation control layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetic disk glass substrate has a cleaning step of cleaning the glass substrate. In the cleaning step, the cleaning is performed under an acidic condition using a cleaning liquid containing oxalate ions and bivalent iron ions. In parallel with the cleaning step or before or after the cleaning step, trivalent iron ions generated by oxidation of the bivalent iron ions contained in the cleaning liquid are reduced by ultraviolet irradiation.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium that maintains a high level of perpendicular orientation of a perpendicular magnetic layer and enables to further increase high recording density, prepared such that at least on a non-magnetic substrate, there are laminated a soft magnetic base layer, an orientation control layer 11 that controls the orientation of the layer immediately thereabove, and a perpendicular magnetic layer with a magnetization easy axis thereof primarily oriented perpendicular to the non-magnetic substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the fabrication of a tunable radio frequency (RF) power output filter that includes fabricating a core body and then forming a plastically deformable metallic shell over the exterior surface of the core body.