Abstract: Optical fibers having high infrared transmittancies are produced by chemical vapor deposition of vitreous layers composed predominantly of anions S, Se and/or Te onto tubes or rods. Cations are Ge, Si, P, B, As, Sb and/or Ti. Conventional CVD techniques are employed to produce stepped-refractive index gradient profiles in the fibers except that an inert gas and/or a halogen(s) is used as the propellant gas.

Abstract: A method of applying a dielectric layer to a substrate, comprises applying a metallic suspension, for example, a layer of so-called "conducting silver" which is a suspension of silver particles in an organic binder or solvent to the substrate surface in an area which is not to receive the dielectric layer so as to form a mask. The organic binder or solvent is advantageously decomposed by heating so as to leave the metallic deposit mask. Thereafter, a layer of dielectric material is applied over the substrate in the areas which are not covered by the mask and, subsequently, the mask is removed, such as by dissolving it. A mask-forming coating for the application of the dielectric layers on the substrate comprises a metallic suspension which may be in the form of a lacquer-type liquid or paste which contain noble metals, for example, in the form of tinsels as the conducting constituent and also include organic binders or solvents of various kinds.

Abstract: A process of producing a parallel type of stripe filter comprises the steps of:(a) forming a metal layer (I) on a transparent base plate into a striped configuration.(b) forming thereon a dichroic layer having predetermined spectral characteristics,(c) further forming a metal layer (II) on said dichroic layer, the etching solution for said metal layer (II) being different from that for the metal layer (I),(d) utilizing the metal layer (II) as the protecting layer for the dichroic layer when another dichroic layer is formed subsequently, and(e) finally removing the metal layer (II) to expose the dichroic layers overlying the transparent base plate into a striped configuration.

Abstract: A glass substrate is modified by enriching a surface portion of the substrate with a metal such that the refractive index of the surface portion is different from that of the unmodified glass matrix. The modified surface is then coated with a metal oxide film to produce durable articles in a variety of interference-type colors suitable for architectural use to control incident solar energy.

Abstract: A transparent, electrically conductive laminated structure composed of(A) a transparent solid substrate,(B) a thin layer of an oxide of titanium being contacted with the said substrate (A),(c) a thin layer of an electrically conductive metal being contacted with the said layer (B),(d) a thin layer of an oxide of titanium being contacted with the said layer (C), and(E) optionally, a transparent top layer being contacted with the said layer (D)characterized in that(i) the said substrate (A) is a film-forming synthetic resin layer and(ii) the said layer (B) is a layer of an oxide of titanium derived from a layer of an organic titanium compound and contains organic residual moieties of the said organic titanium compound;And a process for the production of the same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a transparent body, such as a pane of a window, which has a predetermined opacity gradient. A light filtering substance is evaporated in an evacuated atmosphere upwardly from an evaporator to deposit itself upon a surface which is situated over and directed toward this evaporator, the latter surface forming part of a transparent body and the light filtering substance providing for the transparent body an opacity or optical density which increases as the thickness of the deposit of the light-filtering substance on the latter surface increases. The transparent body is maintained stationary in the evacuated atmosphere over the above evaporator during deposition of the evaporated substance onto the body surface which is directed toward the latter location.

Abstract: Electrically-conductive films of tin oxide are prepared by a novel process utilizing gaseous chemical compounds which react to form a tin-fluorine bond at a temperature which is (1) high enough so that the newly-created tin-fluorine bond-bearing molecule remains in the vapor phase; and (2) low enough so that oxidation of the molecule occurs only after the indicated re-arrangement. Films prepared by the process of the invention are characterized by surface resistances as low as 1 ohm per square when the film thickness is as thin as about a micron. These films are also characterized by extremely good reflectance of infrared radiation.

Abstract: A transparent conductive layer of SnO.sub.2 is deposited on a substrate by an RF-plasma assisted chemical vapor reaction of CO.sub.2 with an organic tin compound, such as tetramethyl tin, for example. A CCD optical imager is fabricated, using the method of the invention to form a transparent conductive layer thereon.

Abstract: The life of light-pervious, thermal radiation-reflecting filters of tin-doped indium oxide is drastically elongated when used in oxidizing or reducing medium by coating the indium oxide layer with pyrolytic or hydrolytic silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing tin oxide film forming solutions wherein a heel of prepared filming solution is maintained in a mixing vessel and ingredients for a fresh solution are added thereto so that the viscosity of the solution is kept sufficiently low to improve mixing rates and with the effect that fuming and volatilization of the solution is substantially reduced during mixing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell comprising a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between a pair of carrier plates with at least one plate being transparent characterized by a film of metal inorganic salt selected from a group comprising magnesium fluoride, thorium fluoride, zinc sulphide, aluminum oxide, or thorium oxide deposited on at least selected areas of a surface of one of the carrier plates to cause homeotropic orientation or a tilted homeotropic orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal material contacting the film. To provide the film, the carrier plate is positioned in spaced relationship to a source of the salt which is vaporized and deposited on the plate in the desired areas to produce the column-like structure of the desired angular orientation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing on a transparent article, particularly a glass article, layers having a reflection degree of at least 10 percent on a first surface of the article and dereflecting layers on a second surface of the article. The method includes the steps of first by an immersion process providing both said surfaces with a dereflecting multiple-layered coating, and then providing said first surface with a single layer of a reflection increasing transparent coating.

Abstract: An optical information storage material having a substrate and a film deposited on the substrate, the state of said material can be changed from a low optical density state to a high optical density state by the application of electrical, optical or thermal energy. The major component of the film is GeO.sub.x1, SnO.sub.x1, SbO.sub.x2, TlO.sub.x2, BiO.sub.x2 or MoO.sub.x3 wherein 0 < x1 < 2.0, 0 < x2 < 1.5 and 0 < x3 < 3.0. The film can be a mixture of above-mentioned material and an additive for improving the properties thereof. The material is made by vacuum evaporating GeO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, Tl.sub.2 O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 or MoO.sub.3 under deoxidization conditions.

Abstract: A solar control film, for application to window glass by the consumer with minimum or no preparation, comprises a vapor deposited aluminum coat, which partially transmits light, interposed between a vinyl stratum and a polyester stratum, either of which contains an ultraviolet inhibitor and each of which is self supporting. This film is adhered by pressing the surface of its vinyl stratum against the window glass in either dry or wet condition.

Abstract: A process for producing a photochromic silicate glass film is disclosed which is characterized by the steps of forming a solution containing silver ions and a film-forming silicate monomer in a solvent common to both, removing the solvent from the solution to produce a discreet film or a film coating on an article, and exposing the formed film to a source of halide ions to form fine silver halide particles within the film.

Abstract: A flexible hollow glass tube of optical fiber dimensions provides a central light passage and serves as an optical transmission line characterized by substantially less absorption and distortion of signals superposed on transmitted light waves. A metal rod located within a preform evaporates as the preform is heated and drawn, providing a convenient method of reflectively coating the internal surface of small tubes.

Abstract: An optical element is provided having a durable abrasion-resistant, antifog coating applied to at least one surface thereof by coating an optical element comprised of an inorganic or organic transparent base with a transparent abrasion-resistant antifog coating consisting of a lightly cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, the desired degree of cross-linking being obtained by utilizing a combination of zirconium nitrate and formaldehyde as cross-linking agents.

Abstract: In the method for making an article having a replicated coating with a durable dielectric overcoat. A master is formed having a surface to be replicated formed thereon. A parting compound such as silicon oil is placed on the surface while under a vacuum. An optical coating is formed in reverse order, with the protective coat first and the reflective coat last, on the coated surface while in the vacuum under a low temperature to cause initial curing of the protective coat without reevaporation of the silicon oil. Thereafter, the optical coating on the master is post-cured in air at an elevated temperature to cause final curing and hardening of the protective coat. After the post-curing has been completed, the replicated part, if desired, is transferred to the part to carry the same and is mounted thereon by a sealing plastic.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved optical thin film coating system comprising all essential elements of resistive and electron beam evaporation systems, chemical vapor deposition systems and reactive plasma deposition systems. Sequences of cleaning and deposition processes which previously required moving substrates through several chambers are performed in a single vacuum chamber. The evaporative sources also efficiently vaporize solid materials to provide reactive gases for reactive plasma and chemical vapor deposition processes, which were previously difficult or impossible to perform. Substrate movement, masking, and monitoring means previously used with evaporative sources are used to control thickness and uniformity of films deposited by chemical vapor and reactive plasma processes, to provide optical quality films.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant optical composite comprising a plastic substrate having a chromium layer and a glass layer sequentially deposited thereover.

Abstract: An attenuation spot filter adapted to extend the light intensity range of usefulness of cameras, particularly television cameras, by attenuating the input light intensity in accordance with reduced iris aperture, comprising an optical element having at its center a thin film coating the density of which decreases in a radially outward direction whereby light attenuation is a minimum at maximum iris aperture and is maximum at minimum iris aperture.The attenuation spot filter is manufactured by a thin film carbon deposit of controlled thickness and diameter onto an optical flat which is, after deposition, coated. The flat is held horizontally for vertical axial rotation about a controlled flame, with the distance between the flame and the flat being cam-controlled and with the flame jet being secured for vertical axial movement with a cam follower. The coating is float-applied for uniformity and the coating material is an alkyd resin and lacquer thinner mixture.

Abstract: A band filter adapted to pass only a band of determined wave length of the electromagnetic spectrum and comprising a support, at least partially transparent in the considered band, covered on one of its surfaces by a filtering element constituted of three metallic layers separated respectively by two layers of transparent material. The filter can employ anti-reflection coatings and binding and adherency layers.

Abstract: A method of metallizing a screen with a luminescent layer. The method comprises the following steps: providing a film that can be fired. Blasting parts of the film projecting beyond the luminescent layer with a fine-granular material, metallizing the film, firing the film. The said blasting prevents blisters and chips from forming in the metallization.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing devices in which a liquid crystal has molecules orientated in accordance with directions belonging to one and the same plane, is provided. To this end, an organic polymer deposit is formed upon the internal faces of two electrode-carrying plates, by directing on to them at a very low angle of incidence, a monomer vapor flow, for example a monomer such as vinyl-trichlorosilane. The long-chain molecules of the in situ formed polymer, are disposed parallel to the direction of the vapor flow. They orientate, by their influence, the molecules of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An arrangement for regulating the vapor deposited layer build-up in the production of deposited optically active thin layers on substrates in a vacuum. The optical characteristics of the deposited layer are measured continuously and the measurements are converted into proportional electrical signals. These signals are differentiated twice, with the second derivative serving to provide the zero-axis crossings of the signals. The vapor deposition process is interrupted dependent on the zero-axis crossings.

Abstract: This application discloses a technique for producing optical fibers with longitudinal variations in index of refraction. The deposition apparatus is arranged to allow for the formation of an intertwined double helix of two different materials. The technique does not require imposing any time dependent conditions on the fabrication apparatus.

Abstract: A reflecting mirror which is composed of a reflecting silver layer formed on a surface of a glass base body and a protective layer being made of alloy consisting of copper and tin being formed on said reflecting silver layer. Since the reflecting layer is protected by a protective layer, this reflecting mirror has corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A stripe-shaped color separation filter for use with an image pickup tube is disclosed which is covered at its one surface with a layer of transparent material such as glass or SiO.sub.2 having a surface thereof which is flat enough to be practical for use with the image pickup tube. The layer of glass or SiO.sub.2 is formed on the filter by directly applying melted materials thereon, melting down (sintering) powdered materials, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or vacuum deposition.

Abstract: Method for adjusting index of refraction of optical coating by heat treating. PLZT ceramic can be sputtered to form a thin film optical coating material for various optical applications. The fact that its refractive index can be adjusted by diffusion makes it particularly useful for antireflection coating or reflection coating on optical surfaces.

Abstract: Applying a D. C. glow discharge to a heated glass substrate in an evacuated chamber to which certain amounts of oxygen and a volatile tin composition have been added, produces a glass substrate coated with a transparent, conductive coating of tin oxide wherein the surface region of the glass beneath the coating has been depleted of alkali metal ions.

Abstract: A D.C. glow discharge is applied to a heated glass substrate coated with a conductive layer in the form of a pattern in an evacuated chamber, to which chamber certain amounts of oxygen and a volatile tin composition have been added. A glass substrate is produced which is coated with a patterned, transparent, conductive coating of tin oxide, wherein the surface region of the glass has been depleted of alkali metal ions.

Abstract: Certain hydrocarbylidene compounds of niobium and tantalum react with oxo compounds to form olefins and are also useful as oxygen scavengers. The compounds can also be used to deposit tantalum or niobium mirrors by thermal decomposition. Exemplary is trineopentyl(neopentylidene)tantalum of the formula[(CH.sub.3).sub.3 CCH.sub.2 ].sub.3 Ta=CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: A method for the production, without thermal treatment, of an anti-reflection coating on surfaces of optical elements of transparent, thermally sensitive material such as organic polymeric plastic material which comprises coating the surface with a layer of silicon oxide by vaporizing said silicon oxide by applying the energy of an electron beam thereto under vacuum in such manner that the vaporized molecules are ionized by said beam and are deposited on said elements in ionized condition. A multi-layer coating may then be applied by depositing with an increasing rate on said coating a layer of a substance of higher refractive index than that of said plastic material while continuing the deposition of the silicon oxide, and then depositing thereon a final layer of anti-reflection material such as silicon oxide. The substance of higher refractive index may an oxide of cerium, tantalum, titanium or zirconium.

Abstract: In a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for manufacturing a fiber optic preform, a glass rod is inserted into the preform during the deposition of the core layer. This yields a fiber having a longitudinal eccentric index inhomogeneity which is close to the axis of the fiber.

Abstract: A heat reflecting window pane consisting of a laminate of a transparent support layer, an absorption layer, a silver reflecting layer and an anti-reflecting layer. A fifth layer of transparent material may also be provided.

Abstract: An optical information storage material having a transparent base and a film deposited on the base, the state of which can be changed between a low optical density state and a high optical density state by the application of electrical, optical or thermal energy. The film is a tellurium oxide having the composition TeO.sub.x1 in which 0<x1<2.0, or a mixture of such a tellurium oxide and vanadium oxide for making it easier to change the state of the film material, or tellurium oxide and lead oxide for increasing the sensitivity of the film. The material is made by vacuum evaporating and depositing the tellurium oxide or the mixture of tellurium oxide with the vanadium or lead oxide from TeO.sub.2 or a solid solution of TeO.sub.2 and lead or vanadium oxide.

Abstract: A method of making a light polarizing material having excellent polarization characteristics over wavelengths from the visible to the infrared (IR) region is disclosed. A smooth surface of an optical material, such as for example glass, plastic or IR transmitting material, is mounted in a vacuum enclosure and a vaporized material or metal is directed onto the surface. The metal may be gold, silver, copper or aluminum, for example, or any other material or combination thereof which is reflective at the wavelength to be polarized. As the deposition occurs on the surface, metal atoms are initially attached to sites on the surface with metal whiskers forming on the initial sites in the direction of the incident vaporized metal. The metal whiskers are grown with their long axis essentially parallel to the vaporized metal direction and essentially parallel to each other.

Abstract: A method for forming optical fibers reduces losses of germania dopant due to evaporation during chemical vapor deposition. After deposition of a high purity silica layer on the inner surface of a hollow silica tube, the tube is closed at one end and loaded with a small amount of crystalline germanium compound, such as germanium iodide. The other end is then also sealed and the tube is heated to vaporize the GeI.sub.4 and deposit a coating of germanium. This process may be repeated to build up the Ge layer. The tube is then broken open at both ends and the iodine vapor removed. The germanium layer is oxidized and heated to diffuse germania into the silica layer to provide a doped high index of refraction core layer on a lower index cladding layer. The tube and layers are then collapsed to form a preform which is later drawn into the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optically clear, electrically conductive, transparent coating on a substrate and a method of coating are disclosed. The coating comprises a first transparent layer deposited as TiO.sub.x on the substrate, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7, a layer of silver or gold deposited on the first layer, and a third transparent layer deposited as TiO.sub.x on the second layer, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7. The coating is deposited under vacuum in a partial pressure of oxygen on a rigid transparent substrate such as glass or a flexible plastic substrate and the resultant coated substrate used in electrically heated windows.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for easily vacuum depositing a reflection-proof film having a required refractive index on a substrate such as of lens or semiconductor. Two or more substances each having a different refractive index are mixed in such a proportion that the resultant mixture will acquire a required refractive index. Then, this mixture is divided into a plurality of equal proportions each of an amount to give a vacuum deposited film having a thickness of not more than 1/20 .lambda.. If the vaporization temperatures of the two substances differ by more than 400.degree.C, a two layer film will result. The fractions of the mixture are vacuum deposited consecutively one on top of another until the accumulated total of film thickness reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: A light-transmitting, thermal-radiation reflecting filter which comprises a transparent support coated with indium oxide which is doped with more than 7 atomic percent of tin, calculated with respect to the number of indium atoms, has a free-electron density between 10.sup.21 and 3 times 10.sup.21 per cm.sup.3 and a plasma wavelength of less than 1.2.mu.m. The filter can be manufactured so as to have a stress-free support by heating a support, which is coated in known manner with tin-doped indium oxide, at a temperature between 300.degree.C and the softening temperature of the support material in a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of less than 10.sup..sup.-7 atmosphere.

Abstract: A layer of unoxidized metal is provided on surfaces of the device in such manner as to possess an oriented microstructure capable of causing sympathetic alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. The metal layer is thereafter heated in the presence of oxygen, preferably in a device envelope sealing process, to oxidize the metal layer. The metal oxide layer is stable, in that it retains the molecular aligning characteristic, and is more transparent than the metal layer.

Abstract: Absorbent film which has a great adhesion, a great mechanical strength and a high resistivity to heat and other radiation and which is applicable to sun glasses, color filters, phase plates used for the differential phase method, apodization filters and the like. The absorbent film is produced by mixing together powdered Ti, powdered Cr and powdered MgF.sub.2 into the form of a powdered mixture or shaping them into a compressed mass of mixture, thereafter vacuum-evaporating said mixture onto a predetermined base material such as lens glass to thereby provide a refractive factor of about 1.52 and an absorption coefficient of about 0.01 to 0.4. At least one layer of such absorbent film may be used to form a multi-layer film structure.

Abstract: Three-layer anti-reflection coatings consisting of first, second and third layers, respectively positioned from a glass base plate. The optical film thickness of the first layer and the second layer is one-half of a designed wavelength while that of the third layer is one-fourth of the same. And the relationship among the refractive index of each layer is second layer (n.sub.2) glass (n.sub.g) first layer (n.sub.1) third layer (n.sub.3). The first layer is made of a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and ZrO.sub.2.