Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for producing a plasma and treating substrates therein. The plasma produced by means of microwaves serves to coat a substrate which is situated in a chamber (5) having metal walls (6,7,12,13). The microwaves are repeatedly reflected at the metal walls (6,7,12,13), so that the chamber (5) has numerous microwave modes. By means of permanent magnets, which are placed either inside the chamber (5) or outside the chamber (5) in the vicinity of the substrate that is to be coated, it is possible to produce within this chamber (5) an electron-cyclotron resonance which permits a locally controlled ignition of the plasma.

Abstract: Thin film coatings for solid state storage batteries and electrochromic energy conservation devices are now formed on low temperature glass and plastic substrates by an ion-assisted RF deposition process. The attachment of such coated glass or plastic substrates to existing windows in situ allows ordinary plate glass windows in homes, office buildings and factories to be converted to "smart-windows" resulting in a substantial savings in heating and air conditioning costs.

Abstract: A process for coating a moving ribbon of hot glass by chemical vapor deposition comprises establishing a first flow of a first reactant gas along the hot glass surface substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the glass, establishing a second flow of a second reactant gas as a turbulent flow at an angle to the glass surface, introducing said second flow into said first flow at said angle, while avoiding upstream flow of said second reactant gas in said first flow, and directing the combined gas flow along the surface of the hot glass as a turbulent flow.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing carbon coated optical fiber includes the steps of removing adherent foreign material from a surface of a bare optical fiber, and forming at least one carbon layer on the surface thereof using a chemical vapor deposition method. The first step is performed by heating and drying the surface of the bare optical fiber in a 80 to 150 degrees C. temperature region to vaporize the adherent foreign material while supplying an inert gas to the surface thereof so as to substitute the inert gas for the vaporized adherent foreign material. The second step is performed by thermally decomposing at least one hydrocarbon compound to obtain a thermal decomposate of the hydrocarbon, and depositing the thermal decomposate on the surface of the bare optical fiber. Also, disclosed is a method for manufacturing carbon coated optical fiber including the steps of cooling a surface of a bare optical fiber to a temperature no higher than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing carbon-coated optical fiber including the steps of thermally decomposing a halogenated hydrocarbon compound to obtain a thermal decomposate of the halogenated hydrocarbon, and depositing the thermal decomposate on a surface of an uncoated optical fiber to form at least one carbon coating layer on the surface of the fiber. The halogenated hydrocarbon compounds include CClF.sub.3 , CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2 , CCl.sub.3 F, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F and C.sub.2 ClF.sub.5. The deposition is performed at a temperature which is slightly below the thermal decomposition temperature. The method includes an optional step of coating at least one resin layer over a surface of the carbon coating layer.

Abstract: Provided is an optical information card having a particular structure. The card is comprised of four different layers, i.e., a card substrate, a recording layer which is formed on one side of the card substrate and which comprises a naphthalocyanine compound, a polyvinyl alcohol coating directly over the information layer, and a transparent protective layer over the polyvinyl alcohol layer. This structure offers a very sensitive and useful optical information card which can be easily manufactured while maintaining the integrity of the information layer, and which permits one to realize the advantage of using a naphthalocyanine information layer in a card format.

Abstract: A process, based on sputtering from metal sources, is disclosed for forming a stable, reduced electrochromic layer in contact with an ionically conducting oxide. A deposited electrochromic layer is reduced by sputtering onto it an alloy or composite metallic thin film capable of injecting insertion atoms into the electrochromic layer. The metallic thin film, now partially depleted in insertion atoms, is converted into an electronically insulating but ionically conducting oxide layer in an oxidizing atmosphere. The resultant two-layer structure, consisting of the reduced electrochromic layer capped by the insulating oxide, may be used as on component in an all solid-state electrochromic device.

Abstract: A plasma process and apparatus are provided for coating one or more planar substrates by a plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition in which plasma electrodes provide a plurality of overlapping plasma columns which extend over the entire surface of the substrate to be coated. A plurality of plasma electrodes are fixed in planes above, between, or below the substrates, and the individual plasma electrodes can be separately controlled. With a plasma pulse/CVD process, the spacing and angle between the substrates can be varied to alter the thickness of the coating. The process can be used for coating large area, planar vitreous bodies with multilayer optical coatings.

Abstract: A method whereby the thickness distribution of a vapor deposited layer, such as an interference filter deposited on a skirted substrate such as a glass faceplate for a projection television tube, is improved by shielding the substrate from indirect flux of vapor so as to reduce the shadowing effect of the skirt upon the thickness distribution of the deposited layer, thereby improving the white field uniformity of the resultant projection image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive metal oxide film having good characteristic properties. The method comprises feeding an atomized or gasified starting material onto a substrate to form a metal oxide film on the substrate, wherein the substrate is heated to form a first metal oxide film having a good degree of orientation of crystals and a second film formation step wherein a second metal oxide film is formed on the first metal oxide film under higher substrate temperature conditions than those in the first film formation step to form a second metal oxide film having a degree of orientation of crystals in conformity with that of the first metal oxide film.

Abstract: An error-compensated process for forming a multiple-notch optical filter which is characterized by a continually and accurately varying periodic profile. The optical medium if formed on a substrate so that the profile of the refractive index is multiply sinusoidally modulated to maintain Bragg's law for each component in the multiple-notch profile. In a preferred embodiment, as the optical medium is coated on the substrate, the depositing film is monitored by optical techniques, and feedback information is provided to a computer driven by a pre-programmed process control algorithm so that real time control of the manufacturing process may be accomplished.

Abstract: Precision multilayer optical interference coating of substrates having complex topology using complementary shaped electrodes and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition within a chamber. The materials for the optical quality thin films are obtained from starting reactants of the form M-R where M denotes a metal atom and R denotes an organic component. These vapor phase starting reactants are brought into a reactive atmosphere of the chamber through a plurality of orifices in one of the shaped electrodes. The resulting substances are deposited as thin films upon the substrates with inherently superior scatter loss performance because of the low temperature nature and simple direct vapor-to-solid phase transformation path of the process.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein, as a new article of manufacutre, a glass substrate coated with tin oxide and a method of making the same. According to the method, in order to produce the new article of manufacture, a glass substrate with a selected surface is heated to a temperature sufficiently hot so that a heat decomposable, tin-containing material coming into the vicinity of the selected surface will be heat decomposed permitting the tin contained in the tin-containing material to be oxidized and deposited as tin oxide on the selected surface. The tin-containing material, which is applied to the heated glass surface is a coating material containing alkyltin alkoxides of the general formula RSn(OR.sup.1).sub.3 where R and R.sup.1 are organo groups containing from 1-6 carbon atoms, whereby a thicker coating film of oxidized tin is deposited on the selected surface of the glass substrate than can be deposited by previously used tin coating materials under the same application and temperature conditions.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polyimide thin film is disclosed which comprises supplying vapors of a polyimide starting material comprising a plurality of polyimide forming monomers into a plasma atmosphere, transferring the ionized polyimide starting material, under an electric field, to the surface of a glass or metallic substrate and depositing the material thereon, and heating the same during or after deposition, thereby forming a polyimide thin film as an orientation film on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing a ferroelectric thin film comprising the steps of evaporating metal Li or an oxide thereof as a Li source, metal Nb or an oxide thereof as a Nb source and metal Ta or an oxide thereof as a Ta source in a substantially oxygen gas plasma atmosphere while controlling the respective heating temperatures independently from each other and simultaneously depositing the Li, Nb and Ta on a substrate so as to obtain an LiNb.sub.1-x Ta.sub.x O.sub.3 (0<x<1) thin film which shows ferroelectricity.

Abstract: The process for making a thin Molybdenum sulfide film on a substrate in which the physical properties vary in a wide range and can be adjusted to the desired values comprises depositing on the substrate from a reaction gas mixture in the gas phase. This can be accomplished by decomposing a volatile molybdenum compound together with a volatile sulfur compound as a reactive gas in a glow discharge to form the reaction gas mixture in the presence of the substrate. The molybdenum compound can be molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The sulfur compound can be hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: Novel organometallic coating compositions comprising organo bismuth compounds are disclosed, along with a method for chemical vapor deposition to form bismuth oxide films on the surface of a substrate such as glass.

Abstract: Optical recording media disclosed herein comprise a substrate and a recording layer formed thereon, wherein the recording layer is irradiated with beam of energy to form thereon bits corresponding to given pieces of information and thereby record the pieces of information. The recording layer comprises Te and Cr, the proportion of Cr contained in said recording layer being 0.1-10 atom % based on the total atoms constituting the recording layer. Processes for preparing the optical recording media disclosed above comprise forming the recording layer comprising Te and Cr on the substrate and then subjecting the thus formed recording layer to heat treatment. Oxidation resistance of said recording layer is improved and accordingly the optical recording medium comprising this recording layer can be expected to prolong its duration of life. This recording layer has excellent recording sensitivity, because the content of Cr in said recording layer is present to 0.

Abstract: In an optical recording medium, for an audio-video or ROM compact disc comprising a pitted translucent base material and a layer (9) of a corrosion resistant metal or combination of metals from the groups 4N, 5N, 7N or 8N of the periodic table of elements is disclosed. For example NiCr can Be Applied onto the surface having the pits (7), thereby providing good adhesion, reflecting light and providing printable surface and not requiring any further coating such as a protective lacquer. Also, in the event that a gold-colored glossy layer is necessary, a CuBe layer can be sputtered onto the substrate (8).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a lens in which the lens composition is controlled by dynamic shaping and shadowing. A lens material is vaporized and directed to a substrate through an orifice which is rotating relative to the substrate about the lens axis and which has a non-uniform radial distribution. The lens material is condensed on the substrate to form a lens having a radially non-uniform but axially symmetrical distribution. Thereafter, the original orifice may be replaced by a complimentary orifice and another lens material vaporized and directed to the substrate through the replacement orifice which is also rotating relative to the substrate about the lens axis and which also has a non-uniform radial distribution. This second lens material condenses on the first condensed lens material to form a compound lens.

Abstract: An organotin coating composition comprising bis-tributyltin oxide is disclosed, along with a chemical vapor deposition method for pyrolyzing it to form a tin oxide film on the surface of a substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of transparent electric conductors.According to the invention, a doped tin oxide layer formed by CVD is heat-treated to improve its conductivity.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a heat reflective glazing including a glass sheet having two generally planar parallel surfaces or sides with a multilayer coating on one of the side, and a method of producing such glazing. The side of the glass sheet having the multilayer coating thereon is designated as the film or coated side while the other side is designated as the glass side of the glass sheet. The multilayer coating comprises a first silicon-containing coating formed directly on the glass surface, a titanium nitride-containing coating overlying the first coating, a second silicon-containing coating covering the titanium nitride-containing coating, and an optional abrasion resistant coating, e.g., comprising tin oxide, on the second silicon-containing coating. The process for producing the coatings is a chemical vapor deposition process preferably carried out during the production of glass by the float process.

Abstract: In apparatus for carrying out a method of manufacturing optical fibre preforms by causing a chemical reaction to take place in a gaseous reaction mixture so as to form a coating on a glass substrate wherein the reaction is promoted by the production of a plasma, a non-volatile component of the reaction mixture is held within a dispenser tube so that when it is evaporated by applying heat, it travels through perforations in the dispenser tube and reacts with the other components of the gaseous mixture.

Abstract: A thin-film optical interference filter designed and manufactured to have high transmission of blue light and high reflectance of infrared light. The novel feature of this filter rests in the thin-film layer design at the top and bottom of a quarterwave stack and the manufacturing technique by which this thin-film design is deposited. The thin-film layer design suppresses the so called halfwave holes which occur at wide angles of incidence of the incoming light. This desirable effect is achieved by the proper layer thickness and refractive index control in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A coating applicator is provided for depositing a film on a surface of glass and other substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The applicator includes a pair of opposing coating nozzles for applying a vaporized coating chemical reactant in a carrier gas to the surface at such a concentration and velocity that coating of the surface is achieved under substantially reaction rate controlled conditions. Each coating nozzle is positioned adjacent the surface with a small clearance therebetween which is open to the outside atmosphere. The opposing coating nozzles are directed toward each other at a selected angle with respect to a normal to the surface of the substrate. The angle and the clearance provides a condition where there is substantially no intermixing of coating vapors with the outside atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of continuous polycrystalline diamond films which comprises applying to a substrate diamond powder in an amount of from about one particle per ten square microns to about 10 particles per square micron with an average particle diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.4 micron; heating the resulting powdered substrate subsequent to incorporation in a processing apparatus; introducing a mixture of gases into the chamber, which gases provide a supply of carbon and hydrogen; and decomposing the gas mixture.

Abstract: A chemical vapor deposition coater, for depositing a stripe of coating material onto a hot glass substrate, comprises a coater body, including upstream, downstream, and side evacuation ducts, seal means for preventing CVD reactant from contaminating the atmosphere exterior to the coater, and independently controlled evacuation means for removing spent reactant from the reaction zone in such a manner so as to produce a stripe of coating material having a uniform thickness across the width thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus for pyrolytically forming a metal compound coating on an upper face of a hot glass substrate 1 comprises conveyor means 2 for conveying the substrate 1 in a downstream direction 3. A coating chamber 6 opening downwardly onto the path 1 and means 7 for spraying coating precursor downwardly towards the substrate.The spraying means 7 is located to spray the coating precursor solution from a height above the substrate path 1 of at least 75 cm. Heating means are provided for supplying heat to the spraying zone 9. Means such as aspirator boxes 39 is provided for generating aspirating forces on atmospheric material within the passageway 13 to encourage such material to flow along the substrate path to the downstream end (27) of the passageway and to enter exhaust ducting leading such material away from the substrate path.

Abstract: A glass soot deposition torch (30; FIG. 2) having gas passages arranged to provide an inner (34) and outer (36) flame front is disclosed in which the temperature of the inner front is higher than the outer front. A passage is located within the outer front (36) through which glass soot (32) is directed onto the surface of a growing soot-form core (38).

Abstract: A process for fabricating a color filter comprising a support and a color element layer comprises irradiating a coloring matter with an energy ray modulated by a pattern mask to melt or sublime the coloring matter and applying selectively the coloring matter to the support corresponding to the modulation to form the color element layer.

Abstract: A transparent article for reflecting solar energy comprising a titanium oxynitride film, a highly infrared reflective metal film and, optionally, a neutral metal alloy film is disclosed along with a sputtering method for its production.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an alignment layer on a substrate of a liquid crystal display device which includes aligning the center line of the substrate such that it lies substantially along a line that passes through the center of and perpendicular to a linear source. The substrate is then rotated about its center line to a desired angle, and the source material is vacuum deposited onto the substrate.

Abstract: A transparent article comprising on the surface of a transparent substrate a cured transparent coating film composed of a composition comprising 100 parts by weight of an organic silicon compound represented by the following general formula (I) and/or a hydrolysis product thereof:R.sup.1.sub.a R.sup.2.sub.b Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a-b (I)wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each stand for an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a hydrocarbon group having a halogen group, an epoxy group, a glycidoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, a methacryloxy group or a cyano group, R.sup.3 stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group, an acyl group or a phenyl group, and a and b are 0 or 1,10 to 300 parts by weight of a polyfunctional epoxy resin having an aromatic ring and/or an aliphatic ring and 25 to 800 parts by weight of antimony oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 1 to 200 m.mu..

Abstract: An optical recording medium using a recording layer of an alloy taking two different crystalline states exhibiting different reflectivities is preferably manufactured by depositing a plurality of layers, each of which consists essentially of an element or an intermetallic compound, i.e. a material having a lower crystallizable temperature, to form a recording layer having a desired average chemical composition, while heating a substrate on which the recording layer is being deposited.

Abstract: Flat glass is disclosed, bearing a tin oxide coating layer which is at least 200 nm in thickness. In order to promote a uniform visual appearance across the coated area, the expected grain area of a representative sample of the tin oxide coating crystals measured in units of 10.sup.-4 .mu.m.sup.2 is numerically equal to a value of at least 0.4 times the layer thickness measured in nanometers.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in pyrolytically forming a metal oxide coating on an upper face of a hot glass substrate 1 in sheet or ribbon form comprises conveyor means 2 for conveying the substrate 1 in a downstream direction 3 along a path also indicated at 1 and a roof structure 5 defining a coating chamber 6 opening downwardly onto the path and comprising a passageway 11 along which coating precursor vapor and oxidizing gas can be conducted downstream in contact with the upper substrate face during the conveyance of the substrate. The roof structure 5 defines, in or adjacent the upstream end of the passageway 11, a mixing zone 7 which opens downwardly onto the substrate path 1. Means such as spray nozzle 35 is provided for injecting coating precursor material into the mixing zone 7 from a height of at least 50 cm above the level of the substate path 1.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed optical fiber product comprising a fluoride or other non-silica based glass optical fiber and a hermetic coating of carbon, a metal, a fluoride, a metalloid or a ceramic compound in a thickness sufficient to impart moisture resistance to the optical fiber product.

Abstract: In a method for creating a corrosion-resistant coating (27) of high reflectivity on the surface of a workpiece (22), especially a glass reflector insert, in an evacuable coating chamber with a vaporizing system disposed therein, a second coating (24) of aluminum is deposited cold from a vapor onto a first, cold-applied coating (23) forming an adhesion mediator of nickel-chromium oxide, and onto that a third coating (25) of SiO.sub.2 is applied cold, and a fourth coating (26) of TiO.sub.2 or Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 is applied at a workpiece temperature of at least 250.degree. C., and finally, as a fifth coating (27), a nickel-chromium oxide layer is deposited reactively from a vapor at a workpiece temperature of at least 250.degree. C. The deposit of the first, third, fourth and fifth coatings (23, 25, 26, 27) from a vapor is performed by means of electron beam vaporizers and the vapor depositing of the second coating (24) is performed by means of a resistance vaporizer.

Abstract: A CVD furnace, having a gas seal and a liquid seal, for chemical vapor deposition of a coating on a fiber. A CVD process utilizing the CVD furnace allows fibers to be pulled through the furnace without drawing gases entrained by the moving fiber into the reaction chamber of the furnace. The process is a hot fiber process, preferably deriving its heat from the meltdown point in an optical fiber pulling process. A coat containing carbon is applied by supplying a reactant containing a carbon having a triple bond. A small amount of silane is also supplied to the reaction chamber to act as an oxygen getter and to prevent tar-like reaction products from clogging the furnace.

Abstract: Optical components (16), particularly germanium components, are provided with a coating on exposed surface (15) within a vacuum chamber (17) by production of a glow discharge plasma containing carbon and another depositable element from feedstock gases which are fed to the chamber (17) via mass-glow rate controllers (9, 10, 11). The mass flow rate of the feedstock gases is maintained substantially constant at predetermined levels during respective time intervals to provide a multilayer coating of predetermined characteristics. Typically the coating has at least one first layer which is amorphous hydrogenated germanium carbide, at least one second layer which is amorphous hydrogenated germanium and at least one third layer which is amorphous hydrogenated carbon, these layers being ordered such that each second layer is bounded on each side by a first layer and the third layer is bounded on one side by a first layer, the other side of the third layer forming the exposed surface of the coating.

Abstract: A method for coating a substrate, preferably of glass, with a pyrolyzed transparent, electroconductive layer. The coating is comprised of indium formate, optionally mixed with a powdered or gaseous tin compound or a gaseous organotin compound. The coating layer is deposited upon a hot substrate whereupon it pyrolytically decomposes, forming a layer which is subsequently heat treated in a reducing or an oxidizing atmosphere to optionally enhance the low emissivity and low resistivity of the coating or reduce said low emissivity and low resistivity properties.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method of making a glass substrate coated with an adherent, doped, tin oxide coating and article produced thereby. The glass substrate is heated to a spraying temperature which is sufficiently hot so that a heat decomposable, tin-containing material coming into the vicinity of the glass substrate will be heat decomposed permitting the tin contained in the tin-containing material to be oxidized and deposited as a doped tin oxide. The tin-containing material is applied in an oxygen ambient and is a material which contains both dibutyltin dibutoxide and trifluoroacetic acid. The preferred heating and application steps are undertaken under conditions that the spraying temperature and the ratio of milliliters of dibutyltin dibutoxide to milliliters of trifluoroacetic acid contained in the tin-containing material fall at some point located on or within the island area designated by the letter A in the map of these variables as set forth in FIG. 1 of the drawings.

Abstract: A novel organotin coating composition comprising tributyltin dimethylpropionate is disclosed, along with a method for preparing it and a method for pyrolyzing it to form a tin oxide film on the surface of a substrate.

Abstract: Boron nitride, in its soft or "graphitic" form is utilized as a high-temperature lubricant in an oxidizing atmosphere. A particular application for the lubricant is on or in flexible, ceramic-fiber side seals on a continuous glass coating apparatus and the moving edges of glass itself, thereby minimizing any flow to or from the reactor of gaseous reactants.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a low emissivity metal oxide film on a glass surface within a nonoxidizing atmosphere inside a float bath by applying a metal-containing coating reactant in vapor form in the pressure of oxygen to the top surface of a float glass ribbon while the bottom surface is maintained in contact with a molten metal bath in a nonoxidizing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to thermally react said reactant to form a metal oxide film on the glass surface.

Abstract: A color filter useful for a color liquid crystal display device, wherein an opaque metal layer is used as a light-shielding layer, and formed on a transparent substrate in a matrix form. A black photoresist layer is left unremoved on the light-shielding layer and color filter layers are formed thereover to fill the matrix spaces of the light-shielding layer. A method of manufacturing such a color filter by means of photolithography is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for applying a thin, transparent layer onto the surface of optical plastic elements for protecting the surface of such element against mechanical and chemical influences that surface is subjected to a monomeric vapor of organic compositions, preferably a silicon-organic substance in a vacuum container and a protection layer is separated from the vapor phase with the assistance of the radiation from an electrical gas discharge. Substances, in particular oxygen are added to the monomeric vapor during the polymerization which increases the layer hardness. The addition of these substances is performed with a delay with respect to the start of the polymerization process, so as to assume a good adherence of the layer on the surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dual purpose sunglass lens having a gold appearance, as well as the lens itself, is described wherein a photochromic lens is coated on its front and rear surfaces with a titanium monoxide material. An antireflection substance is overlyed onto the titanium monoxide deposited on the rear surface. The sunglass lens has a transmittance of approximately 10% at 20.degree. C. and a transmittance of approximately 5% at 0.degree. C. in bright sunlight.

Abstract: Haze-free tin oxide coatings are made from an organotin compound which ordinarily gives only hazy coatings. The improvement comprises first forming an undercoat of a haze-free tin oxide film on a substrate, preferably by decomposition of monophenyltin trichloride. Thereafter the tin oxide overcoating assumes the haze-free characteristics of the undercoat film.