Abstract: The specification describes an optical waveguide device formed by diffusing a metal into a substrate which may be either a semiconductor material or a dielectric material. The substrate is first coated with a liquid composition comprising organo-metallic solutions of the desired metal and silica. The coated substrate is then heated at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the organic portion of the solution to decompose, thereby leaving a composite film comprising an oxide of the desired metal and SiO.sub.2. Upon further heating, the metal from the metal oxide diffuses into the substrate. The residual composite film may be left in place or removed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a multiple layer coating which enables a window unit to function efficiently as a solar energy collector in winter and as a heat shield in summer. The coating comprises a layer of metal which provides high reflectance of incident solar energy from one side of a coated transparent substrate and a layer which provides high absorption of incident solar energy by the other side of the coated substrate. The absorbing layer may be a single film of a highly absorptive material, but is preferably a dual film of an absorptive material covered by an antireflective material. The absorptive layer may also comprise multiple alternating films of metal and dielectric materials which effectively absorb incident solar energy. The reflective and absorptive layers are selected to provide the coating article with a low U-value to prevent heat radiation from the warm building to the cold environment in winter and from the hot environment to the cooled building in summer.

Abstract: An optical fiber is coated with an inorganic non-metallic coating to form a thin seal. The coating is preferably applied on-line by a process such as chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method of improving the adhesion of thin metal coatings to various solid substrates by pretreatment of the solid substrates using organofunctional silanes or mixtures of organofunctional silanes with organosilanes and thereafter depositing metals to form films or coatings.

Abstract: A gas containing a film forming component is shot through a shooting means in the form of a high speed stream of gas. The gas stream is shot toward the surface of a heated base where a film is to be deposited. The stream is directed at an inclination relative to the base surface. As the stream approaches the base surface it is subjected to the action of a high speed sucking stream of air produced by a sucking means. The sucking means causes the gas stream to flow in a V-shaped path with the upper ends of the V located at the shooting means and the sucking means, with the vertex of the V located therebetween. The film coating is placed on the surface of the base by allowing the base surface to contact the V-shaped path of the stream at the vertex of the path.

Abstract: This disclosure describes transparent glass window structures of the type bearing a first coating of infra-red reflective material which is advantageously less than about 0.85 microns in thickness and wherein the observance of iridescence resulting from such a first coating is markedly reduced by provision of a second coating arranged in register with said first coating, the second coating providing at least two interfaces which, with the mass of the second coating, form means to reflect and refract light therefrom to interfere with the observation of iridescence. The invention also encompasses processes for providing such windows. A particular advantage of the invention is its efficacy with clear and lightly tinted glasses wherein the problem of iridescent color has had its greatest commercial impact.

Abstract: Microlenses which are easy to handle are produced by providing rotation-symmetrical recesses in a glass plate, depositing vitreous layers by means of a vapor deposition process onto the plate, until the recesses are fully filled up, whereafter the thickness of the coated glass plate is reduced to the original value or to a smaller value. Two lenses produced in this manner are then combined to one lens by placing the embedded lenses on top of one another by means of their flat sides.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition for coating plastics articles comprising (A) a hydrolyzed product of an organoalkoxysilane represented by the formulaR.sup.1.sub.n Si(OR.sup.2).sub.4-n (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a saturated hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is 0, 1 or 2, (B) an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of about 120 to about 700, and (C) a bicyclic amidine represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 3 or 5, or a salt thereof; a method of coating plastics articles with use of the composition; and plastics articles having a cured coating of the composition.

Abstract: A process for regulating the evaporation rate of oxidizable substances in reactive vacuum deposition by the metered addition of oxygen to a vacuum deposition chamber during deposition, wherein the addition of oxygen to a predetermined value, the pressure "p" in the vacuum chamber is measured, and the evaporation rate "r" for any pressure changes is regulated such that the ratio of pressure to evaporation rate p:r is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: High purity glass preforms for optical fiber manufacture are provided by depositing, using chemical vapor deposition techniques, high purity materials upon a removable hollow tubular deposition substrate of a radio frequency energy susceptible material. The substrate is subjected to radio frequency energy for the purposes of heating the substrate and the high purity glass-forming materials in vapor form are passed through the hollow substrate so that the heated substrate causes a reaction resulting in the deposition of the high purity materials on the inner surface of the substrate. The hollow tubular substrate is subsequently removed from the high purity glass materials to provide a cylinder of high purity glass. During the processing, the hollow substrate functions as a substrate, radio frequency energy susceptor and reaction enclosure.

Abstract: A mirror is made by applying a coating to a highly reflective surface of a substrate. The coating is prepared from a composition of an alkoxide having the general formula M(OR).sub.n, where M is 0 to 100% titanium, 0 to 25% silicon, 0 to 100% tantalum, or 0 to 15% of a metal ion which forms an alkoxide, R is alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 and n is the valence of M, about 1.7 to about 8 moles of water per mole of alkoxide, sufficient alcohol to give a solids content of about 0.5 to about 15%, and a sufficient amount of a suitable acid to prevent cloudiness. The coated substrate is fired at about 200.degree. to about 600.degree. C. to form an oxide coating which is substantially oxygen impervious. Additional layers of the coating may be applied and fired until the oxide coating is about 200 to about 5000A thick, avoiding quarter-wave thicknesses.

Abstract: A single or multilayer optical interference filter and method of forming filter by ion implantation. One or more layers of nitrogen ions are implanted into a single crystal silicon with the crystal at a temperature of from about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. The implanted ions create a buried layer(s) of silicon nitride (Si.sub.3 N.sub.4) whose refractive index is substantially different from that of silicon (Si) such that appreciable multiple reflection of incident light occurs between the buried layer(s) and the front surface. The resulting interference maxima and minima in transmitted or reflected light which occur at well-defined positions in wavelength may be controlled both in amplitude and wavelength position. The ions may be implanted in layers at different depths to produce a "thin film" interference filter.

Abstract: A method of treating the surface of substrates used in liquid crystal display cells so that the surface forces the liquid crystal director to be aligned uniformly over the entire surface and parallel to the substrate surface. The method includes the step of forming a plasma beam containing oxygen free-radicals, inert gas free-radicals such as argon, neon and helium, and free radicals of a compound containing the element to be deposited, for example, silicon, tin, indium, etc. Preferably a volatile organo-silicon or an organo-tin compound is used to supply the silicon or tin. The plasma beam is then directed at the substrate surface at an angle, preferably of about 30.degree., for a time sufficient to deposit a film. The liquid crystal display cell utilizing a substrate formed in this manner has a high contrast ratio as well as a sharp threshold in its electro-optical characteristics.

Abstract: A first method of revealing a fingerprint involves the charging of the surface bearing the fingerprint to a high electric potential and applying finely divided carbon to the charged surface to form a pattern thereon corresponding to the fingerprint.The finely divided carbon may be dusted or sprayed on or may be in suspension in a dielectric liquid into which the charged surface is introduced.In another method the surface is charged while submerged in the dielectric liquid, under the action of an electric field in the dielectric.In another method an electrically charged sheet is brought into contact with a surface bearing a fingerprint and after being removed, the charged sheet has applied to its surface finely divided carbon which adheres thereto depending on the charge pattern remaining thereon after contact with the fingerprint.The pattern of finely divided carbon can be fixed in position by applying thereover a transparent protective layer.

Abstract: A process, and the article produced thereby, for providing a uniformly and tenaciously adhered abrasion resistant and chemical resistant non-opaque coating on polycarbonate articles. The process comprises priming the surface of the polycarbonate article with an adhesion promoting thermoplastic acrylic polymer by forming a thin film of said thermoplastic acrylic polymer on the surface of the polycarbonate article, applying a silica filled organopolysiloxane coating composition onto the primed polycarbonate article, and thereafter curing the silica filled organopolysiloxane to form a hard, abrasion and chemical solvent resistant top coat which is tenaciously adhered to the polycarbonate article. The non-opaque coated polycarbonate article produced by this process comprises a polycarbonate substrate having (i) a primer layer comprised of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer, and (ii) a thermoset silica filled organopolysiloxane top coat.

Abstract: A method of forming a preform or blank for an optical filament, the preform itself and the resulting optical filament is disclosed. The preform is formed by providing a substantially longitudinally continuous core member and affixing it to a starting member. Particulate material is applied to the exterior surface of the core member to form an adherent coating having an index of refraction less than that of the core member. The starting member and the core member are longitudinally translated while simultaneously applying the adherent coating of particulate material to the core member to form a continuous and substantially homogeneous adherent coating of substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous manufacture of vitreous synthetic silica doped with fluorine. This process consists of decomposing a silicon compound free of hydrogen in the flame of an inductive plasma burner, thereby forming silica upon reacting with the oxygen contained in the burner feed gas. A gaseous inorganic fluorine compound free of hydrogen, is sent into the flame preferably from outside the burner. Said fluorine compound simultaneously with the silicon compound decomposes whereby fluorine is introduced into the silica, lowering its index of refraction. The doped silica is then deposited on a heat-stable support in the form of a vitreous mass. The doped synthetic silica is particularly useful for making preforms for optical transmission fibers.

Abstract: A preform for fabrication of a glass fiber optical transmission line is prepared by chemical reaction of vapor ingredients within a glass tube. Reaction, which may be between chlorides or hydrides of, for example, silicon and germanium with oxygen, occurs preferentially within a constantly traversing hot zone. Flow rates and temperature are sufficient to result in glass formation in the form of particulate matter on the inner surface of the tube. This particulate matter deposits on the tube and is fused with each passage of the hot zone. Continuous rotation of the tube during processing permits attainment of higher temperatures within the heated zone without distortion of the tube.

Abstract: A shaped non-opaque coated polycarbonate article having improved abrasion and chemical solvent resistance comprising a polycarbonate substrate having disposed on the surface thereon a non-opaque primer layer comprised of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer containing functional groups and disposed on said primer layer a non-opaque top coat comprised of a colloidal silica filled thermoset organopolysiloxane.

Abstract: The specification describes a process for diffusing a metal into a substrate which may be either a semiconductor material or a dielectric material. The substrate is first coated with a liquid composition comprising organo-metallic solutions of the desired metal and silica. The coated substrate is then heated at an elevated temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the organic portion of the solution to decompose, thereby leaving a composite film comprising an oxide of the desired metal and SiO.sub.2. Upon further heating, the metal from the metal oxide diffuses into the substrate. The residual composite film may be left in place or removed.

Abstract: In a process for the production of communication fibers having transmission losses of less than 10 db/km. and a pulse dispersion of less than 4 ns/km., both measured at 860 nm, by the internal cladding method, wherein multiple-component glasses are deposited in layers in the glassy state in the interior of a glass tube; the tube thus clad inside, is collapsed to a rod; and the rod is drawn into a fiber, the core diameter of which has an eccentricity of less than 2%, an improvement is provided wherein a precollapsing step is executed prior to the final collapsing process, the precollapsing step occurring during the internal cladding step. The temperature of the cladding step is greater than 1850.degree. C. and above the softening point of the glass tube.

Abstract: Glass tubes which form an integral part of optical fiber preforms from which optical fibers are drawn are fabricated from tubular structures comprising amorphous powdery particles. The tubular structures are heated so as to fuse the particles thereby yielding a transparent tubular glass structure of optical fiber quality. During the fusing step, the structure is substantially constrained against shrinkage in both the radial and longitudinal direction thereby yielding a glass tube with improved dimensional characteristics.

Abstract: A heat reflecting pane comprises a substantially transparent glass substrate which has a layer of silicon oxide thereon and a layer of titanium dioxide in the rutile form on the side of the silicon oxide layer remote from the glass pane, the glass substrate having been toughened by heat treatment. The pane is formed by coating the glass substrate with a thin layer of silicon oxide, then applying a layer of titanium to the silicon oxide layer by vacuum deposition, the oxidizing the titanium at over 550.degree. C. to form titanium oxide in the rutile form.The silicon oxide layer prevents the rutile layer from becoming opaque when the pane is heated to the temperature necessary for heat treatment of the glass substrate, which may be during the heating step in which the titanium is oxidized or may be subsequently.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass fiber light conductor which has increased tensile strength characterized by forming a protective layer at an elevated temperature either on a preform of the fiber and cladding or on the cladding of a drawn fiber with the material of the protective layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion, which is lower than the adjoining glass material of the fiber so that on cooling from the elevated temperature, the layer is subjected to compressive stresses to increase the tensile strength of the fiber.

Abstract: A glass substrate is modified by enriching a surface portion of the substrate with a metal such that the refractive index of the surface portion is different from that of the unmodified glass matrix. The modified surface is then coated with a metal oxide film to produce durable articles in a variety of interference-type colors suitable for architectural use to control incident solar energy.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing a synthetic hydroxyl ion-free quartz glass wherein a hydrogen free silicon compound is heated in a hydrogen-free gas stream while the gas stream is passed through an induction coupled plasma burner, the gas stream containing elemental and/or bound oxygen and the oxidation product is deposited on a refractory support as a vitreous mass, the improvement lying in including in the gas stream a gaseous hydrogen-free, thermally decomposable compound which yields fluorine in an amount of at least 500 gms. per kilogram of silica to be produced; an apparatus for producing a synthetic OH ion-free quartz glass comprising an induction coupled plasma burner which burner has disposed thereabout 3 concentric quartz glass tubes disposed in stepped configuration of which the outermost tube is the longest and the innermost tube is the shortest.

Abstract: A method of making glass optical waveguides by the flame hydrolysis technique. Particles of glass soot produced by flame hydrolysis are deposited on the outside surface of a mandrel to form a porous preform. The soot particles closer to the mandrel have a refractive index greater than that of the soot disposed toward the outer surface of the preform. The mandrel is removed and the resultant hollow soot preform is supported in a draw furnace through which a helium-rich gas flows. The preform is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause said soot to consolidate and simultaneously permit an optical waveguide filament to be drawn therefrom.

Abstract: A continuous flow process is disclosed in which optical fibre is made by a method involving the chemical vapor deposition of material upon the bore of a tube. The tube is fabricated from an annular crucible around a vertical gas feed and is lowered through a hot zone where it is softened and drawn into fibre. The gas deposits one or more layers on the inside of the tube prior to drawing so as to provide the drawn fibre with optical waveguide properties.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the type comprising outer and lower substrates, electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates, liquid crystal orientation layers covering the protective films, and a liquid crystal interposed between the liquid crystal orientation films, is manufactured by forming the liquid crystal orientation layers by depositing SiO onto the protective films at a definite deposition angle with respect to the protective films and at a vapor deposition speed which varies in accordance with the type of the liquid crystal used.

Abstract: The change in the refractive index across the radius which is important for self-focussing fibre optic light conductors is obtained because in the plasma-activated CVD-method the oxygen content of the gas mixture and/or the temperature of the tube wall is continuously reduced during the coating procedure.

Abstract: In the reactive deposition of the core material from a gas which is passed through the tube onto the inner wall of the tube by means of a plasma zone, while a relative motion is effected in the axial direction between the tube and a plasma-producing device, the rate of precipitation is increased without impairing the quality of the core material coat, the reactive deposition being effected at a pressure of from 1 to 100 Torr and a temperature zone being superimposed on the plasma zone.

Abstract: A method for coating silicon oxide SiO film and silicon dioxide SiO.sub.2 film on the surface of transparent optical material of glass or syntheic resin whose refractive indices are varied by changing the condition of vapor-deposition, under a predetermined condition of vapor-deposition so as to form a firm and durable anti-reflection film.

Abstract: A light transmitting, absorbing coating is produced on a substrate by depositing layers of silicon in an oxidizing residual gas atmosphere and chrome in a non-oxidizing residual gas atmosphere in alternate layers cathode sputtering. The light transmitting layer comprises a substrate having a coating of a bluish-grey transmission color which comprises a plurality of alternate chrome and silicon dioxide layers with the thickness of the individual chrome layers being smaller than 10 nm.

Abstract: Glass is heated to a temperature of at least about 400.degree. C. and contacted sequentially with a silane-containing gas and an organometallic composition which thermally decompose to form, respectively, a coating layer of silicon and a coating layer of metal oxide on the glass surface. The resultant coated glass article is more durable than a silicon coated glass article and has better solar energy control properties than a metal oxide coated glass article.

Abstract: A titania-silicate glass zone or layer is formed at the surface in fused silica by first applying a thick opaque polycrystalline titania powder coating to the silica and then fusing the coating into the silica at a high temperature. Such a zone reduces the ultraviolet transmission of the silica and also lowers its sodium ion conductivity. The zone may usefully be formed on the fused silica arc tubes of metal halide lamps in order to inhibit sodium loss and on other discharge lamps required to be ozone free.

Abstract: In the method for making an article having a replicated coating with a durable dielectric overcoat. A master is formed having a surface to be replicated formed thereon. A parting compound such as silicon oil is placed on the surface while under a vacuum. An optical coating is formed in reverse order, with the protective coat first and the reflective coat last, on the coated surface while in the vacuum under a low temperature to cause initial curing of the protective coat without reevaporation of the silicon oil. Thereafter, the optical coating on the master is post-cured in air at an elevated temperature to cause final curing and hardening of the protective coat. After the post-curing has been completed, the replicated part, if desired, is transferred to the part to carry the same and is mounted thereon by a sealing plastic.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant optical composite comprising a plastic substrate having a chromium layer and a glass layer sequentially deposited thereover.

Abstract: A transparent article having improved abrasion resistance, and method of making the same, which comprises a body of transparent glassy siliceous material having a smooth continuous surface and a continuous film of chromium silicide sputter-coated on said continuous surface to a thickness of from about 200 to 1,000 A.

Abstract: A light transmitting, absorbing coating is produced on a substrate by depositing by cathode sputtering alternate layers of silicon in an oxidizing residual gas atmosphere and chrome in a non-oxidizing residual gas atmosphere. The light transmitting layer comprises a substrate having a coating of a bluish-grey transmission color which comprises a plurality of alternate chrome and silicon dioxide layers with the thickness of the individual chrome layers being smaller than 10 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing devices in which a liquid crystal has molecules orientated in accordance with directions belonging to one and the same plane, is provided. To this end, an organic polymer deposit is formed upon the internal faces of two electrode-carrying plates, by directing on to them at a very low angle of incidence, a monomer vapor flow, for example a monomer such as vinyl-trichlorosilane. The long-chain molecules of the in situ formed polymer, are disposed parallel to the direction of the vapor flow. They orientate, by their influence, the molecules of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A spatial filter covered with first protective layers and a second protective layer, wherein the second protective layer is mounted on the first protective layers so as to fill up recesses appearing in the surface of said first protective layers which are evaporated on filter stripes deposited on the surface of a substrate and on those parts of the surface of said substrate on which filter stripes are not formed and, when the spatial filter is placed in an image pickup tube, the second protective layer having a smooth flawless surface enables the image pickup tube to produce a good output image for a long period.

Abstract: A method for the production, without thermal treatment, of an anti-reflection coating on surfaces of optical elements of transparent, thermally sensitive material such as organic polymeric plastic material which comprises coating the surface with a layer of silicon oxide by vaporizing said silicon oxide by applying the energy of an electron beam thereto under vacuum in such manner that the vaporized molecules are ionized by said beam and are deposited on said elements in ionized condition. A multi-layer coating may then be applied by depositing with an increasing rate on said coating a layer of a substance of higher refractive index than that of said plastic material while continuing the deposition of the silicon oxide, and then depositing thereon a final layer of anti-reflection material such as silicon oxide. The substance of higher refractive index may an oxide of cerium, tantalum, titanium or zirconium.

Abstract: Glass fiber optical-waveguides consisting of a metal oxide-silicate glass core and silica cladding are produced according to the invention by means of a metal evaporation technique. An evacuated fused silica tube containing an evaporated metal deposit is heated to temperatures sufficient to form a uniform metal silicide layer on its inner surface. This layer is then oxidized and reacted with the silica tubing at elevated temperatures to form a metal oxide-silica glass layer. The tube is then collapsed to give a solid rod preform with a metal oxide-silica glass core. Fibers drawn from such preforms exhibit a graded refractive index profile and low loss. The details of the fabrication technique are described, and a representative loss spectrum is presented.

Abstract: Metal/metal oxide coated articles having selective reflectance and transmittance of radiation over an extended spectral range are provided by a combination of alternately disposed coating layers of metal and metal oxide, the metals of the metal layer being silver, chromium, iron, cobalt or nickel and the metal oxide being copper oxide. Chemical or electroless plating techniques are disclosed for the production of such articles. Uniform oxide coatings are formed by first depositing metal films, then treating them with surfactants to promote uniform oxidation and then exposing them to an oxidizing environment.

Abstract: A method of producing a planar optical waveguide by applying to at least a portion of one flat surface of a substantially flat glass substrate having a predetermined desired index of refraction a first coating of glass having an index of refraction greater than that of said glass substrate. Thereafter a second coating of glass having an index of refraction less than that of the first coating of glass is applied over the exposed surface of the first coating of glass. The thickness of the first coating of glass being determined as a function of the highest mode order and the wavelength of light to be propagated within a waveguide having infinite width, and the indices of refraction of the substrate and each of the applied coatings.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for providing optically pure glass blanks, tubing, crucibles and the like for use in forming optical waveguides, lenses, prisms, filters, lamp envelopes and the like. A glass layer is formed at a high temperature on a mandrel which includes a support rod or tube upon which is disposed a layer of refractory metal wire, gauze, foil or the like. The mandrel is so constructed that stresses, which heretofore have developed in the glass layer during cooling, are avoided, and the mandrel is easily removed from the glass layer, thereby forming a hollow glass cylinder that is free from cracks, checks and the like.

Abstract: A method of making low loss glass optical waveguides, wherein at least one coating of glass soot is deposited by the flame hydrolysis process on a starting member. The soot coating is heated to its consolidation temperature in an atmosphere containing helium and an amount of chlorine that is effective to substantially remove the water from the glass soot while the soot is being consolidated to form a dense glass layer. The starting member is removed unless it is to form a part of the optical waveguide. The resultant structure, including the dense glass body, is then drawn into a waveguide fiber.

Abstract: A method of forming an optical waveguide by forming a first layer of glass having a predetermined refractive index on the outside peripheral wall surface of a substantially cylindrical mandrel. Thereafter, a second layer of glass is applied to the surface of the first layer, the second layer having a refractive index less than that of the first layer. The mandrel is removed from the assembly and the resultant cylindrical, hollow assembly is heated and drawn to reduce the cross-sectional area thereof, thereby forming an intermediate fiber. At least a portion of the intermediate fiber is disposed within a hollow glass cylinder having a refractive index similar to that of the second layer of glass of the intermediate fiber.

Abstract: In the reactive deposition of the core material from a gas which is passed through the tube onto the inner wall of the tube by means of a plasma zone, while a relative motion is effected in the axial direction between the tube and a plasma-producing device, the rate of precipitation is increased without impairing the quality of the core material coat, the reactive deposition being effected at a pressure of from 1 to 100 Torr and a temperature zone being superimposed on the plasma zone.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing a synthetic hydroxyl ion-free quartz glass wherein a hydrogen free silicon compound is heated in a hydrogen-free gas stream while the gas stream is passed through an induction coupled plasma burner, the gas stream containing elemental and/or bound oxygen and the oxidation product is deposited on a refractory support as a vitreous mass, the improvement lying in including in the gas stream a gaseous hydrogen-free, thermally decomposable compound which yields fluorine in an amount of at least 500 gms. per kilogram of silica to be produced; an apparatus for producing a synthetic OH ion-free quartz glass comprising an induction coupled plasma burner which burner has disposed thereabout 3 concentric quartz glass tubes disposed in stepped configuration of which the outermost tube is the longest and the innermost tube is the shortest.