Abstract: A method of making an optical element that includes a thermoplastic power portion, the method including laminating a first thermoplastic sheet to one side of a functional film, laminating a second thermoplastic sheet to a second side of the functional film, and affixing either the first thermoplastic sheet or the second thermoplastic sheet to the power portion, with the other of the first or second thermoplastic sheets being open to atmosphere.

Abstract: A coating film having a refractive index of from 1.28 to 1.38 and a contact angle of water of from 90.degree. to 115.degree., adhered on a substrate surface, and prepared by reacting a particular tetraalkylsilicate, a particular fluorine-containing silicon compound, a particular hydroxy-containing compound, and oxalic acid in a particular range of ratios and in the absence of water, and under further specified reaction conditions.

Abstract: To produce functional vitrous, preferably colored or colloid-dyed layers, a composition produced by hydrolysis and polycondensation of(A) at least on hydrolyzable silane of general formula (I)SiX.sub.4 (I)wherein the radicals X are the same or different and represent hydrolyzable groups or hydroxy groups, or an oligomer derived therefrom, and(B) at least one organosilane of general formula (II)R.sup.1.sub.a R.sup.2.sub.b SiX.sub.(4-a-b) (II)wherein R.sup.1 is a non-hydrolyzable radical, R.sup.

Abstract: An ultrafine particle film which is effective for the prevention of electrostatic charge and reflection of visible light and can be applied to a large area at low cost, an image display plate such as the one adapted to a Braun tube to which the ultrafine particle film is applied, and a process for producing the ultrafine particle film which comprises attaching a coating solution bath 22 to a surface of a Braun tube 21, filling the bath with a coating solution 23 containing the antistatic SnO.sub.2 ultrafine particles so that the surface of the Braun tube 21 is covered with the coating solution, and then exposing the coated Braun tube surface at a predetermined rate to form an electrically conductive film on the Braun tube surface, the above process being repeated by using a coating solution containing the visible light anti-reflection ultrafine particles to form a visible light anti-reflection film on the electrically conductive film.

Abstract: Very thin films of liquid anti-reflection materials are applied to optical substrates to increase effectively visual clarity and visual acuity by reducing reflection light losses, reducing internal reflections and increasing light transmission. The primary properties of the materials which are useful as anti-reflection films are characterized as non-volatile, optically clear liquids having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the optical substrate to which they are applied. Low cost, effective anti-reflection coatings are thus applied to optical substrates, such as eyeglasses, using a single liquid layer of the anti-reflective material.

Abstract: A process for producing a plastic lens is disclosed, which comprises the steps of: providing a primer layer comprising a polyurethane on the surface of a plastic lens substrate; subsequently providing a hard coat layer comprising a silicone resin on the surface of the primer layer; and then providing a single-layer or multi-layer anti-reflection coating on the surface of the hard coat layer by depositing an inorganic material, wherein the polyurethane used for providing the primer layer is a thermosetting polyurethane.

Abstract: Provided is a method for making a thin film on a lens holder to reduce a reflection of light caused by an index difference between a refractive index of air and a refractive index of a lens-barrel of the lens holder. The thin film is formed by dipping the lens holder into a solution of a solvent and a fluororesin compound or by dripping the solution onto the lens holder. The lens holder is removed from the solution. Then, the solvent is removed to thereby form a thin film of the fluororesin compound on the lens holder.

Abstract: A light influencing element and the process of fabricating the same is disclosed, wherein the light influencing element is fabricated by disposing a layer of a substantially opaque material upon a transparent substrate. One or more openings or wells may then be cut or formed in the surface of the layer of opaque material. Into such openings a light influencing material is then disposed, preferable said materials are injected thereinto as by ink-jet type injection heads. Liquid crystal displays and subassemblies formed upon the light influencing elements of the instant invention are also provided.

Abstract: A method for post-cleaning finish drying is provided, by which finish drying of industrial parts can be conducted without leaving residues or corroding the cleaned material. In this method, finish drying can be performed without the use of freon being a cause of destruction of the ozonosphere. Preferably, a cleaned material is dipped (rinsed) in a low molecular weight siloxane having a content of organic compounds, such as dodecamethylpentasiloxane, of less than 0.01% by weight, taken out and dried. Also, preferably, the material rinsed with the low molecular weight siloxane is subjected to a vapor cleaning using a perfluorocarbon compound.

Abstract: A plurality of glass plates 10 are stacked in a block form without forming gaps between adjacent glass plates while the stacked glass plates are separable; the stacked glass plates are cut off in a circular shape or a doughnut-like shape in a block; and then, the processed glass plates are separated. According to this method, tipping which may result when glass plates are processed individually can be prevented whereby processing is easy, and productivity is improved.

Abstract: A material having antireflection properties, and a method of depositing an antireflection coating on a substrate, are disclosed. In order to obtain a coating having simultaneously antireflection, hydrophobic and abrasion resistance properties, a material is used comprising: an organic or inorganic substrate (2); an adhesion promoter layer (4) of a material selected from silanes; an antireflection coating (6) formed from colloids of silica in a siloxane binder; a coupling agent layer (8) of a material selected from silazanes; and an anti-abrasion layer (10) of a fluorinated polymer. These materials have specific applications in optics.

Abstract: Polycarbonate materials are dyed by immersion into a mixture of dye or pigment dissolved in a solvent blend. The blend is made up of an impregnating solvent, which attacks the polycarbonate and allows impregnation of the dye or pigment, and a moderating solvent which reduces the aggressiveness of the impregnating solvent. A graded tint is provided by slowly withdrawing the immersed polycarbonate material from the mixture. Polycarbonate materials having a graded tint, especially sheets in the form of lenses and goggles, are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing polymeric diacetylene thin films having desirable nonlinear optical characteristics has been achieved by producing amorphous diacetylene polymeric films by simultaneous polymerization of diacetylene monomers in solution and deposition of polymerized diacetylenes on to the surface of a transparent substrate through which ultraviolet light has been transmitted. These amorphous polydiacetylene films produced by photo-deposition from solution possess very high optical quality and exhibit large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities, such properties being suitable for nonlinear optical devices such as waveguides and integrated optics.

Abstract: A color filter in accordance with the present invention comprises an activated film layer (2) arranged on a transparent substrate (1), said activated film layer (2) having a color pattern formed thereon by permeating a dye thereinto, and a thin metal film pattern (3) formed on a portion, of said activated film layer (2), which requires the formation of a black mask. Accordingly, the color filter integrated into various display devices such as a liquid crystal display is capable of displaying an image having a high contrast. Further, a method for forming a color filter in accordance with the present invention comprises the steps of forming an activated film layer (2) on a transparent substrate (1); permeating a dye into said activated film layer (2) to form a color pattern; and performing an electroless plating to form said thin metal film pattern (3) which functions as a black mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflectance reducing silicon dioxide film formed on a glass substrate by the sol-gel process. To make the film minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of silicon alkoxides and silicon acetylacetonates, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form a sol film on the glass substrate. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the sol film into a gel film. The gel film which is minutely rough is satisfactory in reflectance reduction.

Abstract: To color code optical fibers, a ultraviolet light curable ink is mixed with a carrier fluid. The mixture is then applied to a horizontally moving optical fiber by an ink applicator using a rigid applicator die. The fiber then passes through a convection oven to evaporate the carrier fluid and a ultraviolet light radiator to cure the ultraviolet light curable ink.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicon dioxide film by contacting a substrate such as glass with a treating liquid comprising a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide to deposit a silicon dioxide film on the surface of the substrate, the method being characterized by providing a device for preventing an Si component from escaping from the treating liquid. According to the method, pollution of working environment and decrease in concentration of solution do not occur during the formation of silicon dioxide film.

Abstract: A light influencing element and the process of fabricating the same is disclosed, wherein the light influencing element is fabricated by disposing a layer of a substantially opaque material upon a transparent substrate. One or more openings or wells may then be cut or formed in the surface of the layer of opaque material. Into such openings a light influencing material is then disposed, preferable said materials are injected thereinto as by ink-jet type injection heads. Liquid crystal displays and subassemblies formed upon the light influencing elements of the instant invention are also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a material layer in a semiconductor device using liquid phase deposition. A material layer such as a metal layer, a dielectric layer, a semiconductor layer or a superconducting layer is deposited by the liquid-phase thermal decomposition of a metal-organic precursor dissolved in an anhydrous organic solvent. The organic solvent has a chemical polarity corresponding to the selected metal-organic precursor and has a normal boiling point above the decomposition temperature of the selected precursor. As a result of few restrictions on the range of precursor physical properties, the present invention enables the use of a wide variety of molecular compositions which can be used for the formation of an equally wide variety of material layers. In one embodiment of the invention, a semiconductor substrate is subjected to a liquid mixture comprising a metal-substituted heterocyclic acetylacetonate precursor dissolved in tetradecane (b.p. 254.degree.C.).

Abstract: Solid bodies having a reflective surface are provided with an anti-reflection coating of a fluoropolymer blends of (1) a terpolymer composition derived from (a) perfluoroalkylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid, and (c) hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate; and (2) an amorphous fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A silica-based glass rod is inserted into a space portion of a mold. Then, a slurry, which is obtained by dispersing a silica glass powder material in pure water, is poured into a molding space between the glass rod and the inner surface of the mold, whereby a porous glass shaped body is formed around the glass rod. Drying this shaped body results in a silica glass base material which includes the glass rod and the porous glass shaped body surrounding the same.

Abstract: A method for forming a lens at an end portion of an optical apparatus, such as an optical fiber assembly, a fiber optical CRT or an LED array, which method comprises a dipping step wherein the end portion of the optical apparatus is dipped into an unsolidified photo-setting resin and a lighting step wherein the photo-setting resin is solidified according to an intensity distribution of the light outputted from the optical apparatus. Further, an optical information processing apparatus and an optical signal transmission apparatus have a lens array formed by the above method.

Abstract: A substrate, bearing a coating having a thickness which varies in more than one direction across the surface of the substance, is prepared by a process wherein the substrate is immersed into a coating medium bath, then withdrawn in a predetermined direction and at a predetermined rate, and simultaneously pivoted at a predetermined angular velocity about an axis which is orthogonal to the direction of withdrawal.

Abstract: A process for depositing a silicon dioxide film on the surface of a substrate such as alkali-containing glass by bringing the substrate into contact with a treating solution comprising a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide, which is obtained by heating a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution substantially saturated with silicon dioxide which has a temperature of not more than 0.degree. C., to a temperature of not less than 25.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of metallic oxides. The method is carried by controlled hydrolysis of metallic alkoxides using an alkoxide emulsion which contains hydrophobic water/solvent reverse micelles and a surfactant, then submitting the polymer gel obtained to thermal treatment. In order to prepare metallic oxides layers, the reaction product is coated on a support when hydrolysis is only partial.

Abstract: An apparatus for production of a continuous plastic sheet (2) includes structure for the forming of at least one layer cast in the liquid state of this plastic material, or a reaction mixture of reactive components, on a mobile support of glass plates (1) placed edge to edge and carried by a conveyor, followed by the setting of the layer formed on the surface of the glass plates and pulling off the set sheet. Strips (3) of flexible material are inserted between the adjacent glass plates. The adjacent edges of the glass plates are covered, before the casting is performed, by a ribbon (4) of a material nonadherent to the glass, which overlaps the section of the inserted strip or strips. After having been positioned on the glass plates, the ribbon is made temporarily adherent to the latter upstream from the casting in the liquid state by electrostatically charging with opposite charges the glass plates and the ribbon.

Abstract: A sensor comprising a sensing element capable of sensing a component in an aqueous medium and an overcoating at least partially covering the sensing element. The overcoating comprises a water insoluble, component permeable, cross-linked cellulosic material and an effective amount of an opaque agent.

Abstract: A method of making an optical device is described, in which an optical fibre having a free end is provided. The free end of the optical fibre is contacted with a curable material and the material on curing is capable of forming around the free end, a member having light-scattering properties. The material is cured in a manner to produce the member with an isotropic surface. Typically, the curable material contacted by the free end is in the form of a droplet suspended in a liquid and the material is preferably cured by passing laser radiation along the optical fibre towards its free end.

Abstract: A method of depositing a silicon dioxide film on the surface of a substrate such as alkali-containing glass by bringing the substrate into contact with a treating solution comprising a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide, which is obtained by increasing the temperature of a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution substantially saturated with silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A flat plate optical element and a method for preparing the same are disclosed, which flat plate optical element comprises an optical element with a predetermined pattern formed by ion diffusion from a restricted region within a flat substrate, wherein an ion diffusion layer having a uniform thickness is formed with the same ions as those used for forming the optical element on the whole surface of the substrate opposite to the surface on which the optical element is formed, and the total volume of the optical element is substantially equal to the total volume of the ion diffusion layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a film of metal fluoride in which there is combined a metallo-organic compound solvent solution and an organic fluoride to form a casting liquid. The casting liquid is then coated by a method such as dip coating or spin coating to form a coating on a substrate. The coated substrate is then heated to decompose the metallo-organic compound and organic fluoride resulting in recovery of a metal fluoride coated substrate. The metal fluorides formed may be fluorides of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium, lanthanum, yttrium, or the oxifluoride of europium, erbium and other rare earths.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an antireflection solution having as a main film-forming component thereof a hydrolytic derivative of a silicic ester and to a method for the treatment with the antireflection solution. The antireflection solution and the method for the treatment therewith are characterized by the fact that the hydrolytic derivative of silicic ester is obtained by causing a mixture consisting of the silicic ester and hydrolyzing water added thereto in an amount exceeding the chemical equivalent relative to the silicic ester to be hydrolyzed in the presence of a solvent compatible with both of the components of the mixture and further subjecting the resultant hydrolyzate to conversion into a colloid solution under the condition of pH 3 to 7. Owing to the characteristics mentioned above, the present invention permits the antireflection film produced by thermally solidifying an applied layer of the antireflection solution at a low temperature in the neighborhood of 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an oxide superconductor by heating a raw material for an oxide superconductor composed of MBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-.delta., where M represents at least a single element selected from a group of Y, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, to a temperature higher than a peritectic reaction temperature for melting the same and thereafter reducing the temperature to the peritectic reaction temperature to crystallize the oxide superconductor by peritectic reaction. A method of forming a dispersion solution of powder of a raw material for an oxide superconductor and applying the same on a substrate to prepare a thick film. A method of dipping a single crystal of M.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 in a molten solution of a mixture of BaCuO.sub.2 and CuO to form a thin film of an oxide superconductor on the single crystal. A method of manufacturing a bulky oxide superconductor by dipping a porous sintered material of M.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 in a molten solution of a mixture of BaCuO.sub.2 and CuO.

Abstract: Transition metal nitrates such as nickel nitrate are dissolved in monoalcohols having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The coatings are applied to a substrate material and fired to convert the coating to an electrochromically active state.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of transparent electric conductors.According to the invention, a doped tin oxide layer formed by CVD is heat-treated to improve its conductivity.

Abstract: An eyeglass lens tinting machine which utilizes a microprocessor-controlled stepping motor to carefully control the vertical oscillations of a support structure including a vertical shaft which mounts a horizontal boom which in turn supports an eyeglass lens holder. The lens holder is moved directly up and down (with substantially no horizontal components of movement) by the mechanism. The base which mounts the vertically sliding shaft which supports the boom also mounts the stepping motor and printed circuit board with the microprocessor controller on it. The tinting machine has two basic modes of operation, the solid tint mode in which the lens is lowered beneath the surface of dye in a dye vat and reciprocated completely immersed for a pre-set period of time to create an even, uniform tint.

Abstract: The present invention provides layered polymeric devices to control the sial and spectral distribution of energy in optical beams, particularly high-intensity laser beams. These devices include improved versions of prior art thin-film (vacuum-deposited) interference filters, rugate structure anti-reflection coatings, Q-switches, pulse shapers, modulators, optical bistable devices and the like.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for metallic coating according to which the fiber is made to pass through a bath of molten metal. To prevent unevennesses in coating, caused by turbulence, a depression is made above the bath.The invention also pertains to a device by which the method is applied. The fiber goes vertically through a pot containing the molten metal above which the depression is made.The invention can be used to make optic fibers of greater mechanical strength.

Abstract: In a process for producing transparent, electrically conductive, augmented layers of indium oxide by means of a dipping process, during which the substrate to be coated is dipped into a solution containing hydrolyzable compounds of indium, whereupon the substrate is withdrawn from the solution, is dried, and tempered at temperatures of up to 500.degree. C., a dipping solution is used which, in addition to the indium compound, contains at least one additional hydrolyzable compound of an element in the 2nd, 4th or 5th main groups, in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th or 8th subgroup of the periodic system of elements, or of the rare earths.

Abstract: A process of surface-treating a laser glass is disclosed which comprises coating a specific sol solution obtained by hydrolysis and partial polycondensation of a mixture containing a metal alcoholate on the glass surface and heating the coated glass to form a glassy coating, wherein the glass surface may be treated, prior to the coating, with an alkali aqueous solution and with an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid in sequence, or the coating and the heating may repeated to form a double- or multilayer of the same or different kind of glassy coatings. The thus treated laser glass has increased thermal shock resistance and water resistance.

Abstract: A micro pH sensor is constructed by reacting powdered aminoalkylated cellulose with a dye to covalently bond the dye to the aminoalkyl groups on the cellulose. Any excess unreacted aminoalkyl groups are blocked with a blocking agent and the dye containing powdered cellulose is taken up in a solvent. A portion of the solvated dye containing cellulose is deposited in association with an optical fiber. The cellulose is regenerated into a solid matrix by acid treatment of the solvated dye containing cellulose to deposit the dye containing cellulose matrix on the optical fiber.

Abstract: Process of forming a titanium dioxide film with controlled optical thickness on a surface comprising a pretreating step, at least one film-forming step and optionally a nucleation step between the pretreating and film-forming step, and articles coated with such a film.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides an improved Langmuir-Blodgett procedure for producing a nonlinear optical medium consisting of a transparent substrate coated with a continuous film of at least one monomolecular layer of uniaxially aligned surface active organic molecules which exhibit nonlinear optical susceptibility.

Abstract: A method for making mirrors and a mirror product, free from black edge and similar adhesion problems, are provided by coating a metal film onto one side of a glass sheet and then heating the glass and film with convection heating to a temperature above 200.degree. F. using hot air.

Abstract: A method of depositing a silicon dioxide film by bringing a substrate into contact with a hydrosilicofluoric acid solution supersaturated with silicon dioxide by the addition of an additive to deposit silicon dioxide film on the surface of the substrate, wherein the additive is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an aluminum compound, a calcium compound, a magnesium compound, a barium compound, a nickel compound, a cobalt compound, a zinc compound, and a copper compound, and/or a metal or metals.

Abstract: An antireflective coating and a process for producing the same are described. This antireflective coating has the difference in refractive index between the glass interface and the outer surface of the antireflected coating of 0.15 or less. This antireflective coating can be formed by treating a glass with an aqueous solution containing specified amounts of an acidic salt, Al.sup.3+ and Si.sup.4+. The antireflective coating has a high mechanical strength and optical elements having such an antireflective coating are useful for use in the laser nuclear fusion system.

Abstract: The present invention provides curable silicone compositions, comprising:(a) a substantially linear olefinic group-containing polydiorganosiloxane;(b) a resinous olefinic group-containing polysiloxane;(c) a reactive organic monomer;(d) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and(e) a hydrosilation catalyst.There are also provided articles of manufacture prepared by coating substrates such as optical fibers with said composition as well as methods for making said curable compositions and articles of manufacture.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate with a thin film of a polymer of predetermined porosity comprises depositing the thin film on the substrate from a non-gelled solution comprising at least one hydrolyzable metal alkoxide of a polymeric network forming cation, water, an alcohol compatible with the hydrolysis and the polymerization of the metal alkoxide, and an acid or a base, prior to depositing the film, controlling the structure of the polymer for a given composition of the solution exclusive of the acid or base component and the water component, (a) by adjusting each of the water content, the pH, and the temperature to obtain the desired concentration of alkoxide, and then adjusting the time of standing of the solution prior to lowering the temperature of the solution, and (b) lowering the temperature of the solution after the time of standing to about 15 degrees C.

Abstract: A method for the orientation of a liquid crystalline substance with respect to a substrate to which the substance is to be applied, the method comprising treating the surface of the substrate prior to application of the substance with a solution of at least one steroid, or at least one porphyrin dyestuff or both.

Abstract: A variable-temperature pressure coating system for optical fibres, particularly for uv-curable primary coatings, includes a gas cylinder (8) for pressurizing a tank (1) of coating material, and a heat exchanger (15) controlling the temperature and thus the viscosity of the coating material supplied to a die chamber (19) through which an optical fibre (18) is passed following drawing. The temperature of the die chamber may also be controlled by the same circuit as the heat exchanger. A valve (14) serves to control flow to the die and to enable priming of the tube (13) by filling with coating material (and removal of air bubbles) prior to supply thereof to the die chamber (19). The system is designed for ease of operator handling together with production of high quality coatings at high speed.