Abstract: A lightguide fiber (21) which has been drawn from a preform in a furnace (26) and which has a relatively high temperature is cooled prior to its movement through an apparatus (41) which applies a coating to its outer surface. The fiber is cooled by moving it through a liquid material (42) in a reservoir (40) which is interposed between the furnace and the coating apparatus. The liquid material in the reservoir (40) is the same as the coating material contained in the apparatus that is used subsequently to coat the fiber.

Abstract: A dispersion for coating a reflective-transmissive surface comprising a mixture of an aqueous dispersion of polyvinyl acetate resin and an aqueous dispersion of an arcylic resin. When applied to such surfaces--for example, the protective glass or plastic of an electronic screen--the coating reduces reflected glare while maintaining the quality of the image transmitted from the screen being viewed. Methods of making and using the dispersion, as well as surfaces treated with the dispersion, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A glare-reducing coating, as for the surface of the viewing window of a cathode-ray tube, is prepared by (a) warming a glass support above room temperature, (b) coating a surface of the warm support with an aqueous solution containing a lithium-stabilized silica sol and drying the deposited coating, (c) washing the dry coating with water and (d) baking the washed coating, preferrably at about 90.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat-reflection film comprising:a first layer formed on a base plate, the optical thickness of the first layer being approximately .lambda./8 or 3.lambda./8, in which .lambda. is the designed wavelength;a plurality of intermediate layers from a second layer to a (2n+2)th layer, in which n is a positive integral number, the optical thickness of each intermediate layer being .lambda./4; andan uppermost (2n+3)th layer, the optical thickness of which is approximately .lambda./8,wherein n.sub.g <n.sub.1 <n.sub.2, in which n.sub.g is the refractive index of the base plate, n.sub.1 is the refractive index of the first layer, and n.sub.2 is the refractive index of the second layer, the layers formed above the first layer being arranged in such a manner that high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers are alternately stacked, the second layer being arranged as a high refractive index layer.

Abstract: A tintable coating is applied to a transparent substrate such as a polycarbonate lens. The coating is made from a coating solution of (1) a further curable organopolysiloxane preferably made by hydrolyzing methacryloxytrimethoxy silane and vinyl triethoxy silane with phenylphosphonic acid, and an (2) organic solvent for the organopolysiloxane. The coating is cured, and azo dye applied to the cured coating, and the coating heated to provide a highly tinted coating without sacrificing scratch resistance.

Abstract: A tintable coating is applied to a transparent substrate such as a polycarbonate lens. The coating is made from a coating solution of (1) a further curable organopolysiloxane preferably made by hydrolyzing ethyl ortho silicate with methacryloxytrimethoxy silane and/or vinyltriethoxy silane with phenylphosphonic acid, and an (2) organic solvent for the organopolysiloxane. The coating is cured, an azo dye applied to the cured coating to provide a highly tinted coating without sacrificing scratch resistance. The cured coating can be tinted with an improved tinting speed and the resultant cured tinted coating has improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A method of increasing the thermal shock resistance of a phosphate laser glass is described, comprising coating the surface of the glass with a sol solution which is prepared by hydrolyzing at least one organometallic compound dissolved in an organic solvent and then partially polycondensing, and then heat-treating to form a glassy coating on the surface of the glass. The phosphate laser glass having such increased thermal shock resistance is useful for high repetitive operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a coating on a lightguide fiber (60). The apparatus is comprised of a container (10) having the coating die (18) in the bottom portion thereof and a plurality of separating means (26--26) therein which divides the container into an upper chamber (12), a lower chamber (16) and at least one chamber (14) intermediate to the upper and lower chambers. Each separating means (26) is sealed to the inner surface of the container (10) at the outer edge portion and has a small, centrally located aperture (28) which is vertically aligned with the apertures in the other separating means and the coating die (18). Additionally, a means is provided for directing coating material (40), under pressure, into the lower chamber (16).

Abstract: The primary coating (2) of an optical fibre element is reinstated over a fused joint between two silica fibre elements (3) by a casting process. The jointed silica fibre elements are arranged in a groove (8) of a mould (9, 10, 11) and liquid uncured primary coating material placed into the groove, the groove ends being blocked by the existing primary coatings (2) on the fibre elements (3). The coating material in the groove is cured by, for example, heating the mould. Secondary coating material (1) may be injection moulded using a two-part mould to reinstate the secondary coating over the cast primary coating.

Abstract: Coating of the convex side of an optical lens for blocking purposes by spinning the lens about its vertical axis and dipping its downwardly facing convex side in a liquid coating material, stopping the rotation of the lens and upwardly withdrawing the lens above the level of the coating material, and spinning the upwardly withdrawn lens to spread the coating material by centrifugal force as a uniformly thin film over the convex side and to drive the film sufficiently for handling.To facilitate the lens coating operation, the lens is held on its upper concave side by a suction cup having the upper end of its vibration damping stem chucked in the drive shaft of a hand held motor housing. To further facilitate the lens coating operation despite leakage between the suction cup and the lens, the drive shaft has a passage therethrough communicating with a passage from the suction side of the suction cup through the stem and with a flexible suction tube leading to the suction port of a power vacuum motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a clear partially hydrolyzed aluminum alkoxide solution by mixing an aluminum alkoxide with about 0.4 to about 1 moles of water per mole of aluminum alkoxide in the presence of sufficient alcohol to give a maximum weight percent of equivalent alumina of 10%. The mixture is then heated until clear, which typically requires a temperature of about 40.degree. to about 60.degree. C. Then sufficient additional water is added to bring the number of moles of water per mole of alkoxide up to at least about 2. The water is added in the presence of sufficient alcohol to give a maximum weight percent of equivalent alumina of about 3%. A polymerized alumina glass can be prepared from the composition by heating it to a temperature of at least 500.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for providing a coating to objects such as a lens. A bath of coating solution is provided and the objects are immersed into the solution and removed from the solution at a constantly changing speed. The speed of removal is slower at the top and bottom of the object and faster at the midpoint of the object. Thus the coating is thinner at the top and bottom and thicker at the center (where greater abrasion resistence is required). The slower speed at the removal of the bottom edge of the lens from the solution provides a thin coating and eliminates the formation of coating drip lines and puddles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of making a glass article containing a thin surface film antireflective coating made by providing a dispersion containing at least one metallo-organic compound in solution and at least one organic polymer in solution, depositing a thin coating of such dispersion on the glass substrate, heating the film to drive off the solvent and to decompose and drive off the organic components and to eliminate or drive off the organic polymer, thus forming an oxide film from the remaining inorganic oxide components of such compound, said heating stopping short of causing consolidation of the oxide film, thus leaving a skeletonized surface film having a refractive index less than that of the film of said inorganic oxide if non-porous; and products resulting from such process.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method and apparatus for providing a uniform coating on objects such as a lens. A bath of coating solution is provided and the object to be coated is immersed into the solution. The object is then removed into an atmosphere substantially saturated with the coating solution. The object is maintained in the substantially saturated atmosphere for a predetermined time to allow excess coating material to disperse and flow off the surface of the object. The object is then withdrawn from the saturated atmosphere and dried in the conventional manner. The maintenance of the object within the substantially saturated atmosphere for the predetermined time eliminates the formation of puddles and drip lines.

Abstract: A method for applying a thin abrasion resistant polyurethane coating while minimizing exposure to volatile free isocyanate is disclosed. The method involves forming a hydroxy-terminated prepolymer which is subsequently crosslinked using a relatively non-volatile triisocyanate, and applying the material by flow coating or dip coating techniques, rather than spraying, in order to minimize volatilization.

Abstract: Glass surfaces are modified using controlled chemical corrosion to reduce reflection for a variety of existing optical and ophthalmic silicate glass compositions containing at least 5 weight % of alkali metal, using neutral or slightly alkaline aqueous solutions (pH: 7.0-8.5) at temperatures of 20.degree.-100.degree. C. The solutions contain an electrolyte having a dissociation constant greater than 10.sup.-6 and contain a polyvalent metal ion. Selection of the proper range of the ratio of glass surface area treated to treating solution volume is critical for achieving satisfactory results for optical applications as well as for making the process simple, repeatable, and inexpensive.Using this invention, antireflective surfaces may be produced on optical devices of complex configuration with high uniformity.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the preparation of glass constructions comprising applying to glass, compositions comprising(a) a polyisocyanate component and(b) a polyol component comprising at least one dihydroxy polyester carbonate with a molecular weight of from 800 to 3000 which is a reaction product of hexanediol-(1,6) with .epsilon.-caprolactone and/or .epsilon.-hydroxycaproic acid, in a molar ratio of hexanediol-(1,6) to .epsilon.-caprolactone and/or .epsilon.

Abstract: A transparent electroconductive film formed on a glass substrate by a special wettability-improving treatment of the surface portion of a SiO.sub.2 film formed on the glass substrate, followed by coating with an indium complex solution, drying, irradiation with ultraviolet light and calcination, has low sheet resistance, good film properties and high quality.

Abstract: Water repellent coatings for optical elements such as lenses and windshields. Coatings for uncoated glass, glass having a magnesium fluoride antireflective coating, and glass having an electrically conductive coating of a mixture of indium oxides and tin oxides are applied by applying compositions containing chloromethylsilanes, Dow Corning 531 and 536 fluids, or N, beta-aminoethyl-gamma-aminopropyltrimethylsilane and a perfluorocarboxylic acid to the surface where water repellent coatings are desired. Dow Corning 531 and 536 fluids are described as aminofunctional polydimethylsiloxane copolymers. Hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the presence of water at the surface to be coated result in a durable polymeric coating bonded to the surface.

Abstract: A process for producing a molded article of an aromatic polycarbonate having a heat-cured surface layer, which comprises(1) coating an aromatic polycarbonate article pretreated with a solution of an amino alcohol in a non-solvent for the aromatic polycarbonate, with a heat-curable film-forming liquid composition consisting of a solution, in a non-solvent for the aromatic polycarbonate, of (A) 100 parts by weight of methyletherified methylolmelamine, (B) 20 to 100 parts by weight of a short-chain glycol having 2 to 8 main-chain atoms between the two hydroxyl groups and represented by the following formulaHO--R.sup.1 O--.sub.m H . . . (1),(C) 20 to 100 parts by weight of a long-chain glycol having at least 11 main-chain atoms between the two hydroxyl groups and represented by the following formulaHO--R.sup.2 O--.sub.n H . . .

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition for an opaque coating for minimizing the light output from selected areas of an incandescent lamp, particularly a halogen lamp. It has been discovered that a paste comprising a mixture of sodium silicate and manganese dioxide, when thinned with water to a desired consistency, then applied to the external surface of a halogen lamp bulb and properly dried, forms a tightly adhering, opaque coating of dark gray color which resists flaking and blistering at operational temperatures of the halogen lamp.

Abstract: A process for forming a reflecting copper coating on a face of a glass substrate, consisting in activating the glass face in a 0.0005 to 0.007% by weight aqueous solution of SnCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O and a 0.005 to 0.15% by weight aqueous solution of AgNO.sub.3, chemically coating the activated face of the glass substrate with copper for 3 to 15 minutes in a coppering solution preheated to 30.degree. to 65.degree. C., followed by stabilizing the coated face of the glass substrate with an aqueous solution of a stabilizer and drying thereof.

Abstract: An orientation layer for liquid crystal display devices is formed from an organic tin compound of the type:R.sub.n SnX.sub.4-nwherein R is an organic radical; X is a reactive residual radical and n is an integer ranging from 1 to 3, by applying such organic tin compound onto a free surface of a carrier plate of a liquid crystal display device and generating the desired layer. In a preferred embodiment, the organic radical is an alkyl and the reactive residual radical is chlorine. In a preferred embodiment, the orientation layer is applied via an immersion technique wherein a select organic tin compound is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, applied to a carrier plate surface and thereafter dried at somewhat elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A nickel layer is prepared by applying a nickel salt and a reducing agent for reducing said nickel salt, on a substrate and reducing said nickel salt by a chemical reaction. The chemical reduction is carried out in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine, and imidazole.

Abstract: A dip-coating method for forming a smooth coated film on the surface of an article by dipping the article in a coating solution while making ultrasonic waves act on the coating solution and forming a uniform liquid flow on the surface of the coating solution. An apparatus for practicing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal cell parallel homogeneous alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is provided by rubbing a silica or silica containing film produced by firing a silica containing organic coating applied in liquid form. The alignment provided by this process can withstand firing temperatures in the range 450.degree. to 500.degree. C. normally employed for making fused glass frit perimeter seals. By incorporating titania into the film the refractive index can be matched with that of the underlying electrodes and so render them substantially invisible.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell comprises two opposing glass substrates, transparent electrodes formed on the glass substrates, electrochromic layers formed on the transparent electrodes, and a liquid electrolyte disposed in the cell. The electrochromic layer is formed in the following manner. A metal compound such as tungsten chloride (WCl.sub.6) is dissolved in an organic solvent such as an alcohol to obtain an organic solution including hydroxide (W(OH).sub.6). The organic solution is painted on the transparent electrode and, then calcined to obtain the electrochromic layer including tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3).

Abstract: A surface coating composition comprising:(A) 100 parts by weight of a partially hydrolyzed condensation product of alkyltrialkoxysilane having the general formulaR.sup.1 Si(OR.sup.2).sub.3in which R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 ;(B) 10-100 parts by weight of an organic carboxylic acid of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 ; and(C) 0.01-1.0 part by weight of an anionic surface active agent containing a fluorocarbon chain.

Abstract: Process for rendering silicone rubber contact lenses hydrophilic by first reacting the silicone rubber with an oligomeric siloxane containing SiH groups in the presence of a catalyst and then subjecting the resulting equilibrated silicone rubber to a reaction with an aqueous base; or a silane addition reaction with a reactant containing C.dbd.C double bonds.

Abstract: A method of producing an aspherical optical element involves first forming a glass substrate with at least part of one surface having an irregular surface finish and an aspherical profile having a second order accuracy, which can be obtained by automatic tooling methods, and thereafter forming a polymeric material on such surface so as to form a surface making up differences between the aspherical parts of the substrate and a predetermined, desired aspherical profile, i.e. one of the first order of accuracy which can be obtained only by detailed and skilled hand work.

Abstract: A coating composition according to the invention comprises at least one compound selected from hydrolyzates of glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilane or (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) alkylalkoxysilane, a compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated or saturated polyvalent carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, and a curing agent. The composition is coated to the surface of plastic molded product and then cured to constitute a coating film, thereby imparting to the molded product an improved surface hardness, abrasion resistance, antistatic property, thermal resistance etc.

Abstract: This invention provides a composition for coating plastics articles comprising (A) a hydrolyzed product of an organoalkoxysilane represented by the formulaR.sup.1.sub.n Si(OR.sup.2).sub.4-n (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a saturated hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is 0, 1 or 2, (B) an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of about 120 to about 700, and (C) a bicyclic amidine represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 3 or 5, or a salt thereof; a method of coating plastics articles with use of the composition; and plastics articles having a cured coating of the composition.

Abstract: A method of forming an optically clear, thin metal oxide, porous layer on a vitreous glass substrate, with this metal oxide layer having a low index of refraction. A clear colloidal solution is prepared using metal alkoxide and the substrate is dipped in this solution. The concentration of metal oxide equivalent in the solution, and the rate of withdrawal of the glass substrate from the solution are controlled to form the porous metal oxide layer on the substrate with the layer being about a quarter-wavelength optically thick. This low index of refraction metal oxide layer forms an effective antireflective layer on a vitreous substrate of higher index of refraction, and minimize reflection from the substratemetal oxide layer interface.

Abstract: Strongly adherent layers of electroless metals on glass or ceramic substrates are obtained by first applying a film of an alkali metal silicate solution containing dissolved therein a catalytically effective amount of nickel, palladium or platinum to the substrate, drying and firing the film onto the substrate and electroless plating the coated substrate.

Abstract: Transparent conductive films produced by a series of steps comprising a coating step in which a solution obtained by dissolving an indium compound and a tin compound in an organic solvent is coated on a substrate; a preliminary drying step in which the coated substrate is dried at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C.; a temperature rise step in which the coated substrate is heated at a temperature rise rate of 20.degree. C./min or more up to 400.degree. C. or higher; and a calcination step in which the coated substrate is calcined at a temperature of 400.degree. C. or higher, or by repeating said series of steps two or more times, have excellent properties such as strong adhesive strength to a substrate, excellent transmittance and remarkably low sheet resistance.

Abstract: A dipping process for the production of cadmium stannate layers on a substrate, preferably glass, which comprises:(a) dipping said substrate into an alcoholic solution of a reaction product containing cadmium and tin, said solution consisting essentially of compounds having hydrolyzable and pyrolyzable residues;(b) withdrawing the substrate from said solution in a humid atmosphere; and(c) gradually heating the coated substrate to 650.degree. C., whereby hydrolysis and pyrolysis removes said residues from the coated substrate to form a coated substrate in which the molar ratio Cd:Sn corresponds to that of said alcoholic dipping solution.

Abstract: Mercury metal-halide HID lamp having a discharge-sustaining filling comprising sodium halide and scandium halide is improved by providing a thin transparent layer comprising boron oxide adhered to and reacted with the exterior surface portion of the vitreous silica arc tube. Such a coating substantially inhibits migration of sodium ions through the arc tube. The coating also imparts devitrification resistance to any vibreous silica surface to which it is applied. The layer comprising boron oxide preferably is applied to the vitreous silica substrate by forming a clear, partially hydrolyzed solution principally comprising boron alkoxide and silicon alkoxide which is applied to the vitreous silica substrate. The substrate and applied solution are then heated to react the glass-forming constituents of the applied solution with the arc tube.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the preparation of glass articles containing silver ions which exhibit thermoplastic properties and may, optionally, demonstrate photosensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Such articles are produced through the exchange of Ag.sup.+ ions for Na.sup.+ and/or K.sup.+ ions in a hydrated Na.sub.2 O and/or K.sub.2 O--SiO.sub.2 glass. The articles will demonstrate photosensitivity when the compositions thereof also contain halide ions.

Abstract: A glass plate coated with a metal oxide film comprising aluminum oxide and at least one of commonly used metal oxides such as the respective oxides of Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Zn, Sn, Cu, Mn and Ti, wherein aluminum oxide is used to suppress the lowering of the reflectivity by a heat treatment of the oxide-coated glass. The oxide film is formed by coating the glass with a solution of thermally decomposable compounds exemplified by acetyl acetonates of the respective metals in an organic solvent and heating the coated solution.

Abstract: High efficiency deposition of silver onto substrates is obtained by utilizing admixed compositions comprising reducible silver ions, complexing agent, reducing agent in the presence of a promoter which is a soluble compound of germanium, tin or lead.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the continuous production of transparent films, sheets, or plates of high optical quality are disclosed. Material in liquid form flows onto a substrate comprising a plurality of discrete, distortion-free panels, disposed in end-to-end abutting relationship and moved continuously beneath a flow head from which the material flows onto the panels. The panels move on a conveyor system that progressively slows the speed of the plates, so that leading and trailing edges of successive panels abut to form a continuous surface as the panels pass beneath the flow head. Yieldable, elastic sealing strips are placed between the panels to form a part of the continuous surface and to cushion jolts as succeeding panels are moved from the upstream end of the conveyor and come into contact with the continuous line of panels passing beneath the flow head.

Abstract: A metal oxide coating is formed on a vitreous or non-vitreous substrate by applying a solution containing at least one metal compound to the substrate and then heating the coated substrate to convert the compound in situ to leave a coating of metal acetyl acetonate or a mixture of metal acetyl acetonates in a solvent including an aprotonic solvent, a substituted or unsubstituted monocarboxylic acid solvent, an amine or diamine solvent, or a mixture of two or more solvents selected from these groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing on a transparent article, particularly a glass article, layers having a reflection degree of at least 10 percent on a first surface of the article and dereflecting layers on a second surface of the article. The method includes the steps of first by an immersion process providing both said surfaces with a dereflecting multiple-layered coating, and then providing said first surface with a single layer of a reflection increasing transparent coating.

Abstract: A process for sealing a rectangular porous object against water absorption includes cleaning and drying the object to constant weight thereof, and in an ambient atmosphere immersing the object to a portion of the shortest dimension thereof in a sealant with the temperature of the ambient atmosphere and the sealant maintained at the minimum viscosity temperature of the sealant.

Abstract: An optical lens equipped glass fiber is formed by bringing at least one end of a glass fiber into contact with an optical lens forming liquid-like material with the liquid-like material deposited onto the end of the glass fiber in a manner to have a curvature due to its surface tension and, after lifting it up, allowing the deposit to stand for solidification so as to obtain an optical lens on the end of the glass fiber.

Abstract: Metal/metal oxide coated articles having selective reflectance and transmittance of radiation over an extended spectral range are provided by a combination of at least three coating layers: one being substantially copper, one being substantially copper oxide and one being substantially nickel disposed between the copper coating layer and the copper oxide coating. Chemical or electroless plating techniques are disclosed for the production of such articles.

Abstract: An optical element is provided having a durable abrasion-resistant, antifog coating applied to at least one surface thereof by coating an optical element comprised of an inorganic or organic transparent base with a transparent abrasion-resistant antifog coating consisting of a lightly cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, the desired degree of cross-linking being obtained by utilizing a combination of zirconium nitrate and formaldehyde as cross-linking agents.

Abstract: An attenuation spot filter adapted to extend the light intensity range of usefulness of cameras, particularly television cameras, by attenuating the input light intensity in accordance with reduced iris aperture, comprising an optical element having at its center a thin film coating the density of which decreases in a radially outward direction whereby light attenuation is a minimum at maximum iris aperture and is maximum at minimum iris aperture.The attenuation spot filter is manufactured by a thin film carbon deposit of controlled thickness and diameter onto an optical flat which is, after deposition, coated. The flat is held horizontally for vertical axial rotation about a controlled flame, with the distance between the flame and the flat being cam-controlled and with the flame jet being secured for vertical axial movement with a cam follower. The coating is float-applied for uniformity and the coating material is an alkyd resin and lacquer thinner mixture.

Abstract: A laminated optical or ophthalmic element is produced comprised of an amorphous and/or crystalline material possessing phototropic or photochromic properties as a result of applying a thin layer over at least one surface thereof, which layer includes a combination of cations and anions including silver or copper bromide and/or chloride.

Abstract: the specification describes coating techniques for glass fiber waveguides that avoid physical contact of the fiber by anything other than the coating solution. The techniques depend on the use of very flexible easily deformable materials for the exit die of flooded die applicators.