Abstract: Rechargeable batteries include a NiyFe1-y cathode where 0?y?1, an anode comprising a current collector, a porous separator positioned between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte comprising MAlX4, wherein M is Na, Li, K, or a combination thereof, and X is Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof, and wherein the electrolyte is a solid at temperatures less than 50° C. The batteries are temperature activated. The electrolyte temperature is increased above its melting point while charging and reduced below the melting point for energy storage, such as seasonal energy storage. The electrolyte temperature is increased above the melting point again to discharge the battery.

Abstract: A method of bonding a first article to a second article, each article having a respective bond surface. The method comprises interposing a porous interlayer region between the bond surfaces of the first and second articles and subsequently using electrical resistance heating to locally heat the interlayer region under contact pressure to a bonding temperature below the melting temperature of the interlayer and the first and second articles to thereby bond the interlayer to the first and second articles to form a bonded article. The interlayer has a porosity of between approximately 10% and 30%.

Abstract: A domestic appliance filter for use in a laundry treatment device includes a basic filter material with a hydrophobic coating for filtering out matter from a process water duct or a process air duct. The basic filter material includes a material which is resistant to temperatures of 160° C. or more and the hydrophobic coating on the basic filter material effects a surface energy of less than 35 mN/m.

Abstract: A planarized fine particle layered body which has fine particles sufficiently bonded together, sufficient density, flat surface and uniform density from a deposition of fine particles formed by supplying the fine particles to a substrate by aerosol deposition method.

Abstract: A method for brazing a component in a power generation system, the brazed power generation system component, and braze are provided to improve repairing power generation systems. The method includes providing the component having a feature in a surface of the component and coating a particulate material with a filler material to obtain a coated particulate material. The method includes preparing the feature to obtain a treatment area and filling the treatment area in the surface of the component with the coated particulate material. The method includes heating the treatment area and surrounding component to a brazing temperature and applying oxidation protection to the treatment area. After the brazing temperature is obtained, the method includes brazing the treatment area and the screen and cooling the component to obtain a brazed joint.

Abstract: A powder-based material system having an intrinsic and stable degree of porosity provided by hollow ceramic spheres (26) in a fully dense matrix (27). A substrate (22) is formed from a metal powder (70), and may be partially sintered (60). A layer (24) of ceramic powder is arranged on the substrate including the pre-sintered hollow ceramic spheres plus a proportion of nano-sized ceramic particles effective to reduce the layer sintering temperature and to increase the sintering shrinkage of the layer to approximate that of the metal substrate during subsequent co-sintering. The substrate and layer are then co-sintered (61), such as with spark plasma sintering (32, 34, 36), at a temperature and for a duration to fully densify the ceramic powder matrix around the hollow spheres, thereby producing a metal/ceramic material system with low interface stress and with stable porosity during operational temperatures in a gas turbine engine.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanoparticulate coated structures and methods of making structures. The structures comprise a support element, a nanoparticulate layer, and a binder disposed on the support element, wherein the binder comprises an alkali silicate or borate. In addition, methods of making the structures and uses of the described structures are described herein.

Abstract: The regionally coated noble metal element used in glass production has an uncoated region for contacting a glass melt and an H2-impervious layer or an H2-impervious and O2-impervious layer on a side opposite from the uncoated region, which has a layer thickness ?1 mm, is heat-resistant, and is either liquid or solid. This layer is made from at least one glass or glass mixture, an at least partly crystallized glass or a ceramic material. The coated noble metal element can be a Danner channel, a Vello draw head, an A-draw head, a Vello needle, a drawdown needle, a discharge ring or a Danner blowpipe. A process for coating a noble metal element to produce the regionally coated noble metal element is also described.

Abstract: An example of a nanoballoon thermal protection system includes a refractory ceramic foam having carbide balloons. The foam has a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the foam. Each of the carbide balloons is hollow and has a diameter greater than 0 nm and less than 900 nm. Each of the carbide balloons includes a refractory carbide. In addition, a vehicle with thermal shield includes a surface and a first and second nanoballoon closed cell foam coatings. Each of the foam coatings has a melting point temperature greater than 1000° C. and a density less than 85%. Each of the foam coatings has hollow balloons having a diameter less than 900 nm. Each of the foam coatings includes a closed cell structure not allowing liquid to penetrate through the respective coating. Methods for manufacturing a nanoballoon system and a nanoballoon thermal protection system are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to lead free and cadmium free copper-containing glass fits that can be used as pigments to color other glass fits or to impart color to solid substrates such as glass, ceramic or metals, or to impart color to a thermoplastic mass. The compositions comprise silica, alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, tin oxide and copper oxide. The resulting compositions can be used to decorate and protect automotive, beverage, architectural, pharmaceutical and other glass substrates, generally imparting a red color.

Abstract: A structure for which the electrical reliability is improved is provided. A structure in accordance with one embodiment includes an inorganic insulating layer including amorphous silicon oxide and having an elastic modulus which is 45 GPa or less. A method for manufacturing a structure in accordance with one embodiment includes applying an inorganic insulating sol including inorganic insulating particles composed of amorphous silicon oxide, and forming an inorganic insulating layer including amorphous silicon oxide and having an elastic modulus which is 45 GPa or less by heating the inorganic insulating particles at a temperature lower than a crystallization onset temperature of silicon oxide to each other.

Abstract: An improved filter is described which is particularly suitable for filtering molten metal. The filter has a porous open celled ceramic foam body with voids separated by struts wherein a portion of the struts are densified with glass.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved design for a spray gun and application system for cold gas dynamic spraying of a metal, alloy, polymer, or mechanical mixtures thereof. The gun includes a rear housing comprising a powder inlet and a gas inlet, a front housing removably affixed to the rear housing and comprising an mixing cavity therein for mixing of the powder and gas and an exit therefrom, a nozzle holder having a bore disposed therethrough and removably affixed to the front housing, and a polymeric nozzle positioned within the nozzle holder, an interior taper of the nozzle holder bore complementing an exterior taper of the nozzle. The nozzle having an initially converging, subsequently diverging centrally disposed bore therein adapted to receive the mixed powder and gas from the mixing chamber and the nozzle holder including a cooling jacket which is thermally coupled to the nozzle adjacent the nozzle inlet and mechanically coupled downstream of the nozzle inlet.

Abstract: A metallic glass particle layer is applied to aluminum alloy armor and friction stir mixed into the surface in order to embed the material into the armor and to take advantage of its exceptional hardness. An advantage of the invention is that the hard material is an integral part of the armor, included within the body of the armor plate and not merely a surface coating. The advantage of the friction stir process is that it generates relatively low levels of heat and magnetic measurements show that the amorphous phase condition of the metallic glass is not deteriorated. The armor may be tempered to improve properties.

Abstract: The agent basically consists of Saxolith, a crystalline marble-based filler, and Erkamar, a binder having adhesive properties. The agent preferably also contains dimethylethanolamine to improve the dissolution of resins and to stabilize the pH, as well as isopropanol as the diluent, Sipernat to improve the flow properties, Agitan as defoaming agent and coagulant, as well as Byk to improve the flow properties and as a filler. The agent is produced by adding Erkamar to at least the same quantity of water, mixing it and stirring it for a few hours, cooling the mixture to room temperature, and adding at least the same quantity of Saxolith as that of Erkamar added previously and stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cold gas spraying method with the aid of which a substrate to be coated can be coated with particles. According to the invention, it is provided that microencapsulated agglomerates of nanoparticles are used as particles. This advantageously allows the advantages that accompany the use of nanoparticles to be used for the coating. The nanoparticles are held together by microencapsulations, wherein the microencapsulated particles formed in this way that are used in the cold gas spraying method have dimensions in the micrometer range, thereby allowing them to be used in the first place in cold gas spraying The microencapsulated nanoparticles may be used for example to produce a UV protective coating on lamp bases for gas discharge lamps.

Abstract: A composite structure forming method comprises the steps of first pre-treating brittle material fine particles to impart an internal strain to the brittle material fine particles, secondly causing the brittle material fine particles in which the internal strain has been created to collide with a substrate surface at high speed or applying a mechanical impact force to the brittle material fine particles containing the internal strain therein provided on the substrate surface, to deform or fracture the brittle material fine particles, re-joining the fine particles through active new surfaces generated by the deformation or fracture, forming an anchor section made of polycrystalline brittle material of which part bites into the substrate surface at a boundary section between the new surfaces and the substrate, and further forming a structure made of polycrystalline brittle material on the anchor section.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for containing spills on shelving and the like, and the resulting support members made in accordance with the method, by providing the generally flat top surface of a support with a hydrophobic surface which is arranged in a spill containment pattern and which is generally in the plane of the top surface of the support. The majority of the top surface of the support consists of one or more spill containment areas which are of a non-hydrophobic nature and which are bounded by the hydrophobic surfaces, such that spills on the shelving collect in the non-hydrophobic spill containment area or areas and are prevented from spreading by the hydrophobic surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system for use in damage resistant, ceramic and orthopedic prosthesis. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure comprises an outer residual glass layer, a graded glass-ceramic layer, and a dense interior ceramic. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure may further comprise a veneer on an exterior surface. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system. A powdered glass-ceramic composition is applied to the accessible surfaces of a presintered zirconia substrate to thereby substantially cover the substrate surfaces. The glass of the composition has a CTE similar to that of the substrate material. The glass-ceramic composition is infiltrated into and densifies the substrate by heating the assembly to at least the sintering temperature of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of light-colored or transparent particulate semiconductor materials or particulate substrates that are coated with said semiconductor materials as a hardening and/or drying additive and/or for increasing the thermal conductivity of lacquer systems and printing colors.

Abstract: Methods for making an environmental barrier coating using a sintering aid including combining at least an organic solvent, and a primary transition material such as a rare earth disilicate, or a doped rare earth disilicate to produce a transition layer slurry; applying the transition layer slurry to the component; drying the component having the applied transition layer slurry; infiltrating a sol-gel solution containing an aqueous solution of a water soluble salt sintering aid, or an organic solvent solution of a solvent soluble salt sintering aid into the applied slurry; and sintering the component to produce the environmental barrier coating having at least the bond coat layer, and a transition layer wherein during sintering, a reaction between the primary transition material and the sintering aid results in the transition layer having a porosity of from 0% to about 15% by volume of the transition layer.

Abstract: In a known method for producing a raised marking on a glass object, a suspension containing SiO2 particles is applied to a surface of the glass object as a pattern, and the pattern is compacted to form the marking. Starting from this, in order to enable a cost-effective production of an optically appealing and uniform marking on an object made of quartz glass, which marking is also suited for applications at high temperature or in a contamination-sensitive environment, such as in solar cell and semiconductor production, it is suggested according to the invention that a binder-free suspension be used to create a marking on a quartz glass object, the suspension containing a dispersion liquid and amorphous SiO2 particles having particle sizes of up to a maximum of 500 ?m, of which are between 0.2% by wt. and 15% by wt. SiO2 nanoparticles having particle sizes of less than 100 nm, and the solids content thereof, i.e.

Abstract: A method of protecting a thermostructural part made of ceramic matrix composite material against wear by coating the part is disclosed. The coating is made by providing a mixture comprising colloidal silica, a powdered silico-aluminous and/or aluminous refractory ceramic material, and water; applying at least one layer of the mixture on the part; drying the layer; and placing the part at a temperature greater than 1000° C., thereby firing the layer and forming an enamel coating. The invention is applicable to SiC moving flaps for a turbojet nozzle.

Abstract: In a method for production of a polycrystalline ceramic film on a substrate: a) the substrate is prepared with the substrate surface and preparation of at least one source for the ceramic particles of the ceramic film and b) a particle stream of the ceramic particles is generated from the source of ceramic particles in the direction of the substrate surface on the substrate, with deposition of the ceramic particles on the substrate surface on the substrate with formation of the ceramic film. At least one screen is arranged within the gap, for adjusting an average incidence angle of the ceramic particles relative to a plane normal of the substrate surface, such that the ceramic particles are deposited on the substrate surface at a preferred direction and a relative position of the substrate surface and the screen is altered whilst the gap remains essentially the same.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of depositing material on a substrate, the method comprising the steps of: delivering from a first outlet a stream of droplets of a precursor liquid towards a substrate; applying an electric field between the first outlet and the substrate; and delivering from a second outlet a flow of fuel about the stream of droplets such as to provide an annular flame combustion region between the first outlet and the substrate through which at least a portion of the stream of droplets passes before reaching the substrate, whereby the precursor liquid is one or both of chemically reacted and decomposed to provide the deposited material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a silicon carbide segment for a honeycomb ceramic filter as a diesel particulate filter (DPF) by conducting drying, perforating, plugging, and sintering processes for an extruded body cut into a segment having a predetermined size, wherein a sealant, which will melt and adhere to corners of cells in the sintering process, to seal the cell corners, is applied to partition walls of the segment at opposite ends of the segment in the plugging process.

Abstract: A method and device for providing a substrate (10) with a coating layer (13) of a polymeric material, comprising the steps: a) a pulverous, polymeric material (2) is suspended (1) in a fluid (3), b) the fluid (3) is pressurised (5), c) the pressurised suspension is ejected (16) onto the substrate (10) to form the coating layer (13), d) the polymeric material is, during any one of steps a)-c), heated (4, 6, 11) to a temperature above its softening temperature.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a dielectric device includes steps described below. (1) Mixing step: Powders serving as a matrix and additive powders for sintering the matrix are mixed. (2) Mixture heat-treating step: The mixture of the matrix and the additive that has been subject to the mixing step is heat-treated. (3) Deposition layer formation step: The material powders obtained through the mixture heat-treating step are injected toward a substrate so as to form a deposition layer on the substrate. (4) Deposition layer heat-treating step: The deposition layer formed on the substrate through the deposition layer formation step is heat-treated so as to form the dielectric layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A ceramic honeycomb filter comprising a honeycomb structure having large numbers of flow paths partitioned by porous cell walls, and plugs alternately formed in the flow paths on the exhaust-gas-inlet and outlet sides, the outlet-side plugs having porosity of 65% or less, and the upstream-side end surfaces of the outlet-side plugs having surface roughness Ra of 13-50 ?m.

Abstract: The coated noble metal element used in glass manufacture, such as a noble metal pipe, has an uncoated side that contacts a glass melt and an H2-impervious layer or an H2-impervious and O2-impervious layer, which is provided on a side opposite from the uncoated side. The H2-impervious layer or H2-impervious and O2-impervious layer is heat-resistant and is liquid or solid. In one process for providing the layer on the noble metal element an empty space between the noble metal element and a ceramic insulating jacket is filled with a coating material, and then the coating material is melted so that it wets a surface of the noble metal element. The coating material can include glass cullet, crushed glass or glass powder or is a mixture of crushed glass and ground ceramic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry state process for coating a substrate, said process comprising the steps of: (A) forming a mixture comprising: (i) particles of a coating material; and (ii) particles of a substrate; wherein the substrate, or at least a portion thereof; and/or the coating material, or at least a portion thereof; is capable of undergoing a glass transition; and (B) sintering the mixture formed in step (A) at a temperature greater or equal to the glass transition temperature of the substrate, or portion thereof, or the coating material, or portion thereof, that is capable of undergoing a glass transition, so as to form a coated substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for: applying an inorganic barrier layer to at least a portion of a flexible substrate, the barrier layer being formed from a low liquidus temperature (LLT) material; and sintering the inorganic barrier layer while maintaining the flexible substrate below a critical temperature.

Abstract: A method for coating an inorganic substrate with an inorganic coating from low viscosity suspensions, and the articles produced thereby.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of retentate chromatography for resolving analytes in a sample. The methods involve adsorbing the analytes to a substrate under a plurality of different selectivity conditions, and detecting the analytes retained on the substrate by desorption spectrometry. The methods are useful in biology and medicine, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.

Abstract: The present invention provides zinc-free glass frits that can be used to formulate glaze compositions that develop glossy surfaces when fired on ceramic products such as floor tile and wall tile. The zinc-free glass frits include, by weight, from about 50% to about 70% SiO2, from about 5% to about 20% CaO, from about 3% to about 15% Al2O3, up to about 20% BaO, up to about 15% B2O3, up to about 10% K2O, up to about 10% Na2O, up to about 10% ZrO2, up to about 5% MgO and up to about 5% PbO and less than 0.5% ZnO. Glaze compositions comprising the zinc-free glass frits can be fired using conventional double fast firing, single fast firing, and gres porcellanato ceramic firing cycles.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a non-obstructed interior opening in a kinetic spray nozzle is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a mixture of particles including first particle population and a second particle population; entraining the mixture of particles into a flow of a gas at a temperature below the melt temperature of the particle populations; and directing the mixture of particles entrained in the flow of gas through a supersonic nozzle to accelerate the first particle population to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence of the first particle population on a substrate positioned opposite the nozzle. The operating conditions of the kinetic spray system are selected such that the second particle population is not accelerated to a velocity sufficient to result in adherence when it impacts the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a decorative porcelain having a superior stereoscopic feeling and a transcription sheet. An in-glaze decoration piled decorative porcelain having a piled coloring material layer obtained on in-glaze painting on a glazing layer formed on a surface of a porcelain substrate layer, using a pile coloring material including an inorganic pigment and a glass flux. The in-glaze decoration piled decorative porcelain includes a glass layer of glass with a glass transition temperature of 450° C. to 550° C. between the glazing layer and the piled coloring material layer, with the glass transition temperature of glass flux in the piled coloring material being 550° C. to 700° C.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical fiber preform is provided in which the variation of the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction is minimized and a target quantity of glass is accumulated as a whole. Based on a predetermined relationship between three variables: the outer diameter of a starting rod being a first variable, the outer diameter of an optical fiber preform a second variable, and the timing for ending the glass particles depositing process a third variable, the starting rod and burners are subjected to relative reciprocating movement so as to deposit glass particles on the starting rod until the timing for ending the depositing process, and then the resulting deposit body is vitrified. The third variable may be the traverse velocity, the glass particles deposition time, or the weight of a soot glass deposit body.

Abstract: A method for coating moisture sensitive inorganic particles, such as phosphors, comprising mixing the inorganic particles having a particle size of about 1 to 100 micrometers with nanometer-sized coating particles, and firing the mixture to soften or melt the nanometer-sized particles about the inorganic particles, forming a moisture impervious coating. The coated particles are washed to remove excess particles, and dried. Coated moisture sensitive phosphor particles are impervious to moisture.

Abstract: A method for coating moisture sensitive inorganic particles, such as phosphors, comprising mixing the inorganic particles which have a particle size of about 1 to 100 micrometers with nanometer sized coating particles, as of silica, and firing to soften or melt the nanometer sized particles, forming a moisture-impervious inorganic coating on the inorganic particles. The coated particles are washed to remove any uncoated particles and dried.

Abstract: A composite crucible for pulling up monocrystalline silicon, which is superior in shape stability and suitable for a large-sized one is provided. The composite crucible is characterized in that a carbonaceous material as an outer layer and a quartz glass as an inner layer are integrally formed. Methods for preparing and regenerating a composite crucible are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying metallic or metal-ceramic coatings to a product surface, particularly during the manufacture and repair of pressurized articles and products which require increased corrosion resistance, heat resistance and other qualities. Compressed air is preliminary heated to a temperature of from 400 to 700° C., forming a high-velocity air flow in a supersonic nozzle. A powder material, which is a mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders, is accelerating by the flow and is applied to a product surface. The metal powder is a powder mixture of at least two metals, one of which is zinc powder in an amount of from 20 to 60% of the metal powder total weight. The presence of zinc in the powder material and the heating of the compressed air to 400 to 700° C. assures high-efficiency production of coatings having low gas-permeability and high coating-to-substrate bond strength.

Abstract: A sanitary ware comprises a sanitary ware body and a surface glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware body. The surface glaze layer has a center line average roughness Ra of less than 0.07 &mgr;m as measured with a stylus type surface roughness tester according to JIS B 0651-1996.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern on a surface of a panel substrate, includes electrically charging pattern-forming material particles, jetting out the electrically charged pattern-forming material particles through a nozzle by applying electrostatic force to the pattern-forming material particles to form a pattern, and fixing the pattern onto the panel substrate.

Abstract: Sanitary wares having a controlled surface are disclosed which are less likely to be stained or soiled and/or possess excellent gloss. The first sanitary ware comprises a sanitary ware body and a surface glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware body, wherein the surface glaze layer has a center line average roughness Ra of less than 0.07 &mgr;m. This sanitary ware is advantageous in that stains or soils are much less likely to be adhered to the surface thereof and, even when adhered to the surface thereof, can be removed by a weak water stream. The second sanitary ware comprises a sanitary ware body and a surface glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware body, wherein the surface glaze layer has a kurtosis Rku of less than 2.70. This sanitary ware advantageously possesses excellent surface gloss.

Abstract: A method of forming a film or a micro structure having high density and high strength by bonding brittle ultra fine particles without heating them. The brittle ultra fine particles blown to a substrate are applied with a mechanical impact force to break and bond them together.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a monolithic, porous, ceramic shaped body and to the shaped bodies produced according to this method. Said shaped body is used predominantly as a support material for porous, inorganic and/or organic membranes for the flow filtration of liquids and gases. The aim of the invention is to provide a method for producing a shaped body consisting substantially of TiO2 with an open porosity >10%, an average pore size of between 1 and 50 &mgr;m and a mechanical stability >20 N/mm2. To achieve this, a first TiO2powder fraction is pre-sintered at temperatures >1200° C.

Abstract: A process for forming a retroreflective layer on a powder coated substrate is provided. The substrate is powder coated and the powder coating is subsequently partially cured. Reflective elements are then partially embedded in the semi-cured powder. The powder is then fully cured to permanently bond the reflective elements with the powder coating. The resultant retroreflective assembly can be used in any application requiring high detectability in poor visibility conditions, such as road signs and the like.

Abstract: A method of coating a ceramic and bonding ceramic onto a substrate for practical uses over 630° C. includes forming a brazed bonding layer at a contact area between the ceramic and the substrate by a fluidic reaction and causing the bonding layer to wet both the ceramic and substrate with a wetting angle of 0-5° to thereby coat and bond the ceramic onto bond the substrate over the entire contact area with a continuous, essentially 100% dense bonding layer. The bonding layer is so free of bonding defects that the resulting bonded product can withstand repeated thermal shocks by quenching in 0° ice water from a temperature in the range of 630-980° C.

Abstract: A plurality of glass particles synthesizing burners are arranged at a predetermined burner interval opposite to a rotating starting rod. The starting rod and the glass particles synthesizing burners are relatively parallely reciprocally moved, and the soot deposition is conducted. A reciprocating speed v(mm/minute), axis rotating speed r (rpm), and burner interval L (mm) are set so that a value A expressed by the expression A=(r/v)×L is in a range 40≧A≧8.