Abstract: A fire retardant material is formed by intimately associating the unexpanded form of perlite in association with a permeable mass of silica glass, said association is formed by permeating said perlite into said mass of glass. Preferedly the composition comprises particles of unexpanded perlite less than 100 mesh and preferably no larger than 200 mesh and the permeable glass comprises a glass fiber mat. The fire retardant material can be formed as a unified body capable of being applied onto other structural components or alternately, it can be intimately bonded to the surface of structural components as a veneer layer. Upon exposure to combustion temperatures the perlite expands from its unexpanded form to its expanded form at or near the deformation point of the glass mat followed by reaction of the perlite and the glass to form a flame-impenetrable ceramic.

Abstract: A process for metallizing the surface of a ceramic is provided. The surface of a ceramic is coated with a mixture of SiO.sub.2 and at least one copper compound selected from the group consisting of copper carbonate, copper sulfate, copper sulfide, copper oxide, and copper chloride. Thereafter, the film is heated at 900.degree. to 1300.degree. C. in an oxidizing atmosphere to form a baked layer on the surface of the ceramic. The ceramic having the baked layer formed thereon is subjected to a reduction treatment to form a copper-metallized layer on the surface of the ceramic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for marking hot workpieces which are particularly useful in marking weld defects on hot continuous welded pipe immediately after fabrication. The method involves the application of a controlled flow of glass particles to the workpiece which melt and produce a fusion coating on the workpiece. This glossy fusion coating absorbs the iron scale, penetrates to the base metal and adheres well to the hot workpiece. The coating will remain on the workpiece during cutting, sizing and initial cooling operations. Further cooling causes the coating to crack and expose the base metal leaving a bright metal mark resembling a galvanized surface. An improved glass bead dispensing gun having a modified nozzle and marking tube is used to apply the glass particles. The nozzle and marking tube enables the user to deposit an even flow of glass particles onto the workpiece and shield the gun from the hot workpiece.

Abstract: Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 ceramics having a glassy phase densification aid are heated while their surface is in contact with SiO.sub.2. The SiO.sub.2 forms one side of a diffusion couple and draws the glassy phase out of the ceramic. The SiO.sub.2 can be provided by heating the ceramic in air to form an SiO.sub.2 scale by the oxidation of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, or by imbedding the ceramic in SiO.sub.2 powder. Surface pits, if any, formed during oxidation, are removed by grinding.

Abstract: A method of making feeder for supplying a plurality of streams of molten inorganic material to be attenuated into filaments is disclosed comprising inserting elements in apertures in a member; sealing said elements and member within a coating adapted to isostatically transmit pressure to said assembly; applying isostatic pressure to the hermetically sealed elements and member to mechanically join the elements to the member; joining the pressed member to other sections to form the feeder; installing the feeder at a fiber forming position to receive molten glass; and then energizing the feeder to fuse the elements to the member to prevent the unwanted passage of molten glass between said elements and said member, said elements having an orifice to permit the passage of molten glass therethrough to establish said streams.

Abstract: A method of making an orificed discharge wall for supplying a plurality of streams of molten glass to be attenuated into filaments comprising inserting elements in apertures in a member; sealing said elements and member within a water soluble glass coating capable of isostatically transmitting pressure to said member and elements; hot isostatically pressing to the sealed elements and member to intimately bond the elements to the member; forming an orifice in said elements to permit the passage of molten glass therethrough to establish said streams.

Abstract: Steel products may be coated with an insulating composition by a process which involves coating a uniform layer of finely ground glass powder on the steel and burning it at temperatures ranging from 700.degree.-1000.degree. C. Following, a paste comprising a mixture of the afore-mentioned glass, aluminum oxide and an evaporable liquid are deposited upon the burned coating, dried and burned again at 700.degree.-1000.degree. C.The resultant coatings adhere well to steel and resist temperatures as high as 860.degree. C., so suggesting then use for coating steel destined as a substitute for ceramic supports in electronic and hybrid microelectronic applications.

Abstract: The elongated burner is described which is capable of providing a ribbon of flame through which particulate material as small as 1 micron is uniformly dispersed and transported onto a rotating forming surface for formation of an ingot. In a preferred embodiment the burner is provided with a hollow interior defined by a cylindrical surface interrupted by a longitudinal groove in communication with a longitudinal discharge slot. The sides of the groove are sloped at an angle steeper than the angle of repose of the particulate material. In the preferred embodiment the exterior surface of the burner is likewise provided with a longitudinal groove in communication with the discharge slot and providing two surfaces angled toward each other and toward the path through which the discharged material travels.

Abstract: A method of making an enamel bead and resulting bead which includes the provision of a short length of copper tubing forming a bead core member wherein the copper tubing is heated to a red hot state and rolled in copper enamel flux one or more times to coat the tubing following which the flux coated tubing is again heated to a red hot state and rolled in particulate enamel material to coat the tubing externally with enamel material, then heating the enamel material coating until it melts and is distributed throughout the tubing outer surface in the desired bead configuration and finally cooling the enamel coating to form a highly durable bead having a copper tubing core with an outer layer of enamel of a selected color.

Abstract: A laminated thermosetting decorative sheet has a three-dimensional pattern on its surface which consists of protruding parts and recessed parts forming smooth curves. This decorative laminate is manufactured by using a press plate having an enamel layer on the surface of a metal substrate.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the manufacture of substantially pore-free shaped articles from polycrystalline material, such as tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride or silicon carbide, in which encased articles preformed from pulverulent materials and having open pores are isostatically hot-pressed in a vacuum-sealed casing of vitreous or ceramic-like material in a high-pressure autoclave using an inert gas as pressure-transfer medium. Before the application of the casing material, a first layer comprising material that can be decomposed or melted, such as an organic wax or a resin-like product, or of a compressible heat-resistant material such as inorganic fibers or felts, is applied to the preformed articles. Then, the encased articles are thermally treated until the glass or ceramic layer is fused or sintered gas-tight. The articles pretreated in this manner are then isostatically hot-pressed.

Abstract: An enameled steel plate is disclosed having a linear thermal coefficient of expansion at a temperature between 30.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. within the range of from 100.times.10.sup.-7 to 190.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree. C. and covered with phosphate glass or crystallized glass consisting essentially of from 40 to 75 mol % component X, from 20 to 55 mol % component Y, and from 0.1 to 10 mol % component Z, whereinComponent X is P.sub.2 O.sub.5 ;Component Y is selected from ZnO, K.sub.2 O, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in an amount of up to 20 mol % and CaO and BaO in an amount of up to 55 mol %; andComponent Z is selected from SrO, Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, La.sub.2 O.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5.The product has improved water resistance and chemical durability especially in high temperature and high humidity environment, and therefore, is suitable for use in thick film hybrid integrated circuits employed in automobiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bonding a coating of polyarylene sulphide, for example polyphenylene sulphide, to a steel backing by the use of a ceramic or other non-metallic inter-layer or bonding layer. In some cases the bonding layer comprises a layer of fine particles bonded to the backing followed by a layer of coarser particles to which the coating can be more effectively bonded. This results on a coated steel backing capable of being deformed without the coating becoming detached. Such a coated backing is suitable for use as a bearing material, a chemically resistant material or as cookware.

Abstract: In a two-layer enamelling process in which the ground coat and surface coat powders are electrostatically applied to metallic substrates and subsequently baked together, the improvement which comprises employing a ground coat powder having an electrical resistivity of about 10.sup.10 to 10.sup.14 ohm. cm and a surface coat powder having an electrical resistivity of about 10.sup.14 to 10.sup.16 ohm. cm. Advantageously the surface tension of the ground coat amounts to at least about 0.280 N/m and the surface tension of the surface coat to at most about 0.260 N/m, the difference between the surface tensions of the ground coat and surface amounts to at least about 0.050 N/m, the ground coat powder has an electrical resistivity 10.sup.12 to 10.sup.14 ohm. cm and at least about 10.sup.2 ohm.

Abstract: A method and composition for enameling ferrous objects which eliminates the necessity of pickling and nickel coating the ferrous object prior to enameling. The ferrous surface is merely cleaned and then a reactive fritted coating is applied to the clean surface. The chemical and physical properties of the reactive coating are such that the coating fuses at a relatively low temperature to provide a fused coating which chemically etches the underlying ferrous surface to provide a good bond between the two. The reactive coating should contain at least 5% of one or more adhesion promoting oxides, and at least 1% of the 5% mentioned consists of cupric oxide. A cover coat of a conventional frit may be applied over the reactive coating. During firing, the reactive coat melts first and bonds itself to the underlying ferrous surface, whereupon the cover coat fuses and forms the finished procelain enamel coating.

Abstract: An article of manufacture, such as cookware, having a composite layer adhered thereto and a process for forming it are disclosed, characterized in that the layer is a porous ceramic body having a continuous, communicating pore structure, and a film-forming, polymerized organic resinous impregnant, such as a silicone compound, fills at least some of the pores. The impregnant is adapted to serve as a release agent. As a result, the article acquires a composite layer having at least the abrasion resistance of the ceramic and the release properties of the resinous impregnant.

Abstract: In a surfacing process for the stabilization of semiconductor wafers in which a glass coating is provided on the surface of the semiconductor at least in the region where a pn-junction thereof extends to the surface, the glass coating is provided by directly forming on the surface of the semiconductor a layer of the oxide of the semiconductor material, applying to the semiconductor oxide layer, by melting, a base layer composed of a common glass having a thermal coefficient of expansion matched to that of the semiconductor material, and applying to the base layer a terminating layer of a glass which has a thermal coefficient of expansion lower than that of the semiconductor material, by melting such glass at a temperature in a higher temperature range adjacent that required for melting the glass of the base layer.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell components such as interelectrode separators, retaining screens and current collectors are contacted with lithium tetrachloroaluminate prior to contact with molten electrolytic salt to improve electrolyte wetting. The LiAlCl.sub.4 can be applied in powdered, molten or solution form but, since this material has a lower melting point than the electrolytic salt used in high-temperature cells, the powdered LiAlCl.sub.4 forms a molten flux prior to contact by the molten electrolyte when both materials are initially provided in solid form. Components of materials such as boron nitride and other materials which are difficult to wet with molten salts are advantageously treated by this process.

Abstract: A vitreous enamel composition comprising 1 part by weight of a vitreous enamel solid component composed of (1) 90- 99.9 wt. % of glass powder consisting of 30 to 70 wt. % of SiO.sub.2, 1- 65 wt. % of PbO, and 1-- 15 wt. % of R.sub.2 O in which R is K, Na or Li, and (2) 0.1-- 10 wt. % of palladium powder, and 1- 20 parts by weight of an organic vehicle.

Abstract: Glass or ceramic-to-metal composites or seals wherein the glass or ceramic is bonded to an iron base alloy consisting essentially of from 1-5% silicon and from 1-10% chromium, remainder iron. The alloy develops a thermal oxide film which consists essentially of chromium oxide and .alpha.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 which may comprise from 10 to 100% of the oxide film thickness on the metal. The invention also includes a process of bonding the glass or ceramic to the metal which eliminates the need of a prolonged heat treatment performed in a special atmosphere.

Abstract: A slip containing a frit and an oxidizing catalyst is sprayed over a substrate and fused at a temperature as low as 550.degree. C. The frit consists of 15-60% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 9-35% of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-30% Na.sub.2 O, 1-25% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-20% of Li.sub.2 O, 0-10% of K.sub.2 O and 0-10% of CaO but must have at least two of Li.sub.2 O, K.sub.2 O and CaO. The oxidizing catalyst is MnOx or CuCO.sub.3 Cu(OH).sub.2 or a mixture thereof, the content being preferably between 5 and 50% by weight. The self-cleaning is effected at a temperature as low as at 280.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of enamelling sheets (e.g. cooker panels) in which hooks are used to suspend the sheets during the enamelling procedure and in which deposits of enamel are prevented from building up on the hooks by covering them initially with an under-coat of non-pellicular aluminium paint. This has the effect of retaining the enamel that may be deposited on the hooks until after firing (thereby avoiding spoiling the enamel of the sheets with particles of broken hook enamel) but of enabling the enamel to be removed after firing either by heating and quenching the hooks or by vibrating them (or both).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an object of silicon nitride by isostatic pressing of a preformed body of silicon nitride powder utilizing a pressure medium at a temperature sufficiently high to sinter the silicon nitride. The preformed body is subjected to a degassing operation before isostatic pressing. An inner porous layer of a first material and then an outer porous layer of a second material are applied on the preformed powder body. The inner porous layer is transformable, at a temperature below the sintering temperature for silicon nitride, into a pressure medium impermeable layer. The outer porous layer is also transformable into a pressure medium impermeable layer, but at a temperature which is lower than the temperature when the inner porous layer is converted into its pressure medium impermeable form.

Abstract: A process and resulting product are disclosed characterized by superimposing two layers of essentially dry, differing frit compositions onto a substrate and then firing only once to form a dual coat coherent ceramic layer. The composition of the two frits is such that the first or base coat fuses and stabilizes during the firing operation at temperatures below that at which the second or cover coat fuses and stabilizes. Desirably, the first layer forms an amorphous glass adherent to the substrate that is predominantly an alkaline oxide borosilicate glass and preferably an alkaline borofluorosilicate glass.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming hollow and cylindrical ingots of amorphous or fused silica and other ingot materials. The ingot is formed from a melt on a deposition surface which is lowered as the ingot is formed at a rate which maintains a constant distance between the deposition surface and a heat source vertically positioned above same. The melt is shaped into a vertical cylinder by at least one forming tool which is a roller member rotatable about a vertical axis. In a preferred embodiment the fixed distance from the heat source is maintained with the aid of the laser beam.

Abstract: The invention provides a powder of fine semiconducting vitreous enamelling particles, such as alkali-boro silicate glass frit, especially applicable to an electrostatic powder coating process, for providing improved electrostatic adhesion to a base metallic surface. The preferred powder treatment is to expose the dried powder to tri-chloro-silane vapor which reacts with the hydroxyl surface groups on the particles to form a surface layer which is then exposed to water vapor producing a hydrophobic cross-linked silicone structure. In the final firing stage of the enamelling process excess organic groups are driven off, and the enamel is not contaminated.

Abstract: A method for forming small, smooth surfaced foamed glass pellets with a coated surface of ash is disclosed. The method involves the recovery of waste glass, typically soda/lime/silica glass, crushing and sizing same to obtain particles of less than 200 mesh. The small particles may be pelletized in a pelletizing disk, drum, rotary kiln or other compressive or extrusion devices by the addition of water until the small particles begin to agglomerate. The pellets are then coated with a high-melting point release agent, especially ash, and then heated to a temperature above the softening point of the glass to cellulate the glass agglomerates to form substantially spherical pellets having a bulk density of as low as eight pounds per cubic foot and possessing a very fine, substantially uniform pore structure.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to multi-layer coatings of ceramic paint and teaches how they may be made and used. It discloses that such coatings are made by applying finely-divided material, such as -100 micron silica, to ceramic paint while it is wet, curing without fusing the paint, and then applying another coat of ceramic paint. Many uses, in places where known ceramic coatings or claddings have exhibited poor resistance, adhesion, or life, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are products and processes useful in catalysis of chemical reactions, especially the oxidation of organic materials. Specifically described are oxidation processes involving catalytically-active compositions derived from the admixture by smelting of certain metal oxides, or derived as an ash by-product from the combustion of coal, and which preferably include oxides of titanium, iron, magnesium and manganese as well as oxides of silicon, aluminum, calcium and potassium. Also described are substantially non-porous catalytic layers including such compositions which are useful in the manufacture of liners for "continuous cleaning" cooking devices.

Abstract: A refractory oxide ceramic is chemically bonded to a metal by disposing the surfaces to be joined in an abutting relationship and heating at least the abutting surfaces in air to a temperature below the melting point of the lowest melting component of the system, the temperature being sufficient to cause a chemical reaction between the ceramic oxide and the metal thereby forming a bond between the two abutting surfaces.

Abstract: A surgical implant is produced by coating a metallic substrate with enamel. The metallic substrate provides structural strength and the enamel provides chemical stability, resistance to wear, tissue compatibility, progressive ingrowth and electrical insulating properties. The implant may be produced by coating a portion of the metallic substrate with a partially crystallized enamel, and then positioning the implant on a firing support with the partially crystallized enamel in contact with the support and coating the remaining non-enamelled surface.

Abstract: Ceramic color compositions which are moisture or steam settable are described. The compositions are formulated from a dispersion of ceramic pigments or glass colors in certain moisture or steam set type vehicles and can be applied to green or bisque ceramic ware using standard decorating techniques and then set to a coating by exposure to moisture or steam. Over-glazing of the coating provides decoratively glazed ware of excellent quality and durability.

Abstract: A method for settling suspended glass particles from a slurry containing small amounts of a substance, which substance is preferentially adsorbed to the surface of the suspended glass particles, and which adsorbed substance facilitates centrifugal sedimentation of the glass particles without substantially altering the colloidal nature of the suspension. In particular, a method for forming a glass film on a semiconductive wafer or circuit, especially mesa etched structures, including the step of adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide to the glass slurry before sedimentation of the glass film.

Abstract: An enamel flux supplied by a sieve carried by an articulated support is discharged under gravity onto the edge of a displaceably mounted sanitary article such as a bath or wash-basin in such a manner as to form a projecting portion which is turned-down against the lateral surface of the edge by means of a jet of gas which is directed transversely by a positionally-adjustable nozzle.

Abstract: A process for producing a non-porous coating for corundum substrates with a corundum content of 90 to 100% the process comprises applying a barium, calcium or strontium alumosilicate glaze to the substrate, followed by heat treatment of the substrate at a temperature within a range of from 1,350 to 1,650.degree.C at a heating rate of from 100.degree. to 500.degree. C per hour, and thereafter cooling at a rate of about 150.degree. C per hour, thus giving a glass-ceramic coating on the substrate. The process is useful, mainly, for producing integral circuits and other micro-circuits and precision resistors.

Abstract: A stripe-shaped color separation filter for use with an image pickup tube is disclosed which is covered at its one surface with a layer of transparent material such as glass or SiO.sub.2 having a surface thereof which is flat enough to be practical for use with the image pickup tube. The layer of glass or SiO.sub.2 is formed on the filter by directly applying melted materials thereon, melting down (sintering) powdered materials, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or vacuum deposition.

Abstract: A composite material comprising substantially uniformly dispersed, tightly packed smooth spheres or spheroids embedded in a matrix with the size of the spheres or spheroids being between 10 and about 50 mesh USA Sieve size and the surface roughness of said spheres or spheroids being between 1 and about 70 microinches R.M.S.

Abstract: A process and product are disclosed relating to the preparation of a metallic substrate of a workpiece for a subsequent deposition of a ceramic coating, such as porcelain enamel, in which the metal of the substrate is one that is not sufficiently electrochemically active to be coated by electrophoresis, for example, stainless steel or those alloys containing principally nickel and/or chromium. In one form, the metallic substrate is first covered with an oxide, and preferably a thermally decomposable compound, of a transition metal selected from Groups IIIB through Group IIB of the Periodic Table of The Elements. The workpiece is then heated to alloy the transition metal with the substrate of the workpiece, after which a ceramic coat may be applied. When the transition metal is present as a thermally decomposable compound, the compound must decompose prior to reaching an alloying temperature.

Abstract: An overglaze decalcomania is provided which includes a prefused low melting point glass flux or frit as a protective layer and is substantially resistant to both acid and alkali attack, to mechanical abrasion, and inhibits release of lead, cadmium and other toxic substances normally found in decalcomanias. The frit is comprised of increments of lead oxide, silicon dioxide, cadmium oxide and tin oxide, and optionally titanium dioxide. It can include substituents of conventional frits as well. There is also provided a method for preparing such an overglaze decalcomania.

Abstract: A method of producing a planar optical waveguide by applying to at least a portion of one flat surface of a substantially flat glass substrate having a predetermined desired index of refraction a first coating of glass having an index of refraction greater than that of said glass substrate. Thereafter a second coating of glass having an index of refraction less than that of the first coating of glass is applied over the exposed surface of the first coating of glass. The thickness of the first coating of glass being determined as a function of the highest mode order and the wavelength of light to be propagated within a waveguide having infinite width, and the indices of refraction of the substrate and each of the applied coatings.