Abstract: A process is provided for preparing encapsulated active particles by the steps of: dispersing active materials in molten wax; emulsifying the active/wax dispersion in aqueous surfactant solution for no longer than 4 minutes; quenching the capsules by cooling; and retrieving solidified capsules. The active materials may be selected from chlorine or oxygen bleaching agents, bleach precursors, enzymes, perfumes, fabric softening agents, and surfactants. Optimal capsules are obtainable where a blend of hard and soft waxes are utilized for the coating. The hard and soft waxes are characterized by needle penetration values no higher than 30 mm and no lower than 35 mm, respectively, at 25.degree. C. The resultant capsules have utility for cleaning compositions such as automatic dishwashing detergent formulations.

Abstract: A process for preventing the caking of particles of ammonium bifluoride and/or ammonium fluoride salt mixtures or salts subjected to the action of temperature, pressure and/or moisture, the process comprising spraying on said particles a solution comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine carrying an alkyl group with 8 to 25 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compositions which comprise a calcium magnesium acetate double salt are useful in deicing compositions. Deicing compositions comprising those compositions and processes for their preparation are described.

Abstract: Narrow range ethoxylate nonionic detergents, in combination with soil release promoting polyethylene terephthalate-polyoxyethylene terephthalate (PET-POET) copolymer (in place of broad range ethoxylate nonionic detergent and PET-POET copolymer) are of significantly and unexpectedly improved soil release promoting activity in built synthetic organic detergent compositions, of either the phosphate-built or non-phosphate-built types. Preferably, there will be present with the PET-POET copolymer a stabilizing proportion of polyacrylate, to stabilize the PET-POET copolymer against deterioration and loss of soil release promoting activity on storage at elevated temperature, especially when in contact with alkaline components of the detergent composition. The improved soil release promoting activity is most pronounced when the laundry to be washed and treated is subjected to repeated launderings with the invented compositions in cold water and when it includes polyester-containing fibrous materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of removing asbestos or other fibrous material from structures, such as the lagging on pipes, by injecting into the material a treatment liquid which includes a gelling agent and which sets to form a gel of which the fibrous material comprises an integral part, thereby allowing the material to be removed without generating hazardous fibrous dust.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a luminous layer containing electroluminescent particles each covered with a moisture-proof film, which is formed by polymer, having network structure obtained by hydrolyzing metal alkoxide and causing polycondensation reaction. The moisture-proof film may contain pigment, or a film containing pigment may be formed to cover the electroluminescent particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing highly dispersed metal oxides whose surfaces are modified by an ammonium-functional organopolysiloxane as a charge controlling substance for positive chargeable toners, in which the highly dispersed metal oxides are reacted with an organopolysiloxane which contains silicon-bonded terminal hydroxyl and/or alkoxy groups, diorganosiloxane units, in which the two organic radicals are monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, and siloxane units in which the organic radicals contain a positive charged nitrogen which is bonded to silicon via carbon.

Abstract: Low density silicon nitride ceramics having improved bending and specific strengths over known silicon nitride ceramics derived from silicon nitride powder and polysilazane precursors are prepared by (A) intimately mixing about 50-85% by weight of silicon nitride powder with about 15-50% by weight of a preceramic polysilazane binder, (B) pulverizing the mixture to form particles having a particle size smaller than 105 micrometers, (C) separating from those particles any particles having a particle size larger than about 105 micrometers, (D) molding the resultant composition having a particle size not larger than about 105 micrometers, and (E) pyrolyzing the molded composition in an inert atmosphere to a temperature of about 1200.degree.-1450.degree. C.

Abstract: A modified powder or particulate material having a silicone polymer film coated on substantially the entire surface thereof, this powder or particulate material being produced by bringing at least one silicone compound, in the form of a vapor, having the general formula (I):(R.sup.1 HSiO).sub.a (R.sup.2 R.sup.3 SiO).sub.b (R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6 SiO.sub.1/2).sub.c (I)Wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 represent, independently, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with at least one halogen atom, provided that R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are not hydrogen at the same time, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.

Abstract: An oxygen generating microencapsulated composition includes an oxygen generating core material and a coating which is water swellable. When exposed to water, the coating ruptures in an exfoliating manner, exposing the core material to water and thereby generating oxygen. The rate of oxygen release from the microcapsule can be controlled by altering wall continuity, thickness, capsule diameter, and coating characteristics. In other embodiments, combustion resistant materials are included in the wall material.

Abstract: Delayed-release hypohalite bleach compositions are provided which include encapsulates having a granular, hypohalite-releasing core and a coating delaying release of hypohalite ion and scavenging hypohalite ion when the encapsulates are exposed to an aqueous solution. The coating must include an amine compound with limited solubility in water. The core preferably includes a dihalodialkyl hydantoin and the coating an amine having a saturated hydrocarbon carbon of about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing particulate bleaching detergent composition includes a synthetic organic nonionic detergent, such as a polyethoxylated higher fatty alcohol or alkylphenol, a builder for the nonionic detergent, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate or a cation-exchanging sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), or mixtures thereof, together with a sodium perborate hydrate bleaching agent, the degree of hydration of which corresponds to that of the monohydrate or less, such as 12 to 15%. The described composition, unlike similar compositions wherein the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate, are non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing after storage in a sealed container at elevated temperature, e.g., four weeks at 43.degree. C., whereas a similar product in which the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate is caked solid after such treatment.

Abstract: Deicing compositions comprising an alkaline earth or alkali metal carboxylate having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof are provided which exhibit excellent handling characteristics. Also provided are processes for the preparation of such deicing compositions which comprise (a) preparing a slurry comprising an alkaline earth or alkali metal carboxylate of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, said slurry having sufficient water that it is fluid and pumpable; distributing the slurry in a thin layer on discrete substrate particles; and drying said substrate particles.

Abstract: A composition of matter in particulate, crystalline form. The composition comprises a hydrate-forming phosphate selected from the group consisting of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and trisodium phosphate, between about 0.1% by weight and about 23% by weight added water in the form of water of hydration said water containing in solution sufficient surfactant to provide the composition from about 0.20 ppm and about 125 ppm of a surfactant. Methods for preparing such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solidification processing apparatus for radioactive waste materials comprises a tank for a solidifying agent for solidifying the radioactive waste materials, a waste material vessel connected to the tank for the radioactive waste materials, a pouring control unit for controlling pouring of the solidifying agent into the vessel, and a heating and curing chamber for heating the vessel by an indirect heating unit after pouring the solidifying agent onto the waste materials in the vessel to polymerize and set the solidifying agent, thereby solidifying the radioactive waste materials. With this arrangement, the solidifying agent superior in impregnation is poured into a vessel filled with radioactive waste materials, whose poured amount is controlled by the pouring control unit. After pouring the solidifying agent into the vessel, the vessel is heated indirectly by an indirect heating unit in order to avoid deflagration if the solidifying agent is combustible.

Abstract: Silicic acid or silica particles having initially surface-located hydroxyl groups are modified by replacing at least partially the hydroxyl groups by an organic group to impart the particles with emulsion-breaking and foam-destroying properties. Processes for preparing the modified particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparation of solid particulate polyacetal carboxylate. The method comprises agglomerating a solution comprising less than about 1% by weight methanol and between about 30% by weight and about 60% by weight polyacetal carboxylate onto a substrate to produce a free-flowing particulate solid. The solid comprises between about 30% by weight and about 55% by weight polyacetal carboxylate. The polyacetal carboxylate corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## where n is at least about 4 and represents the average chain length of the polyacetal carboxylate in the mixture, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected chemically stable groups that stabilize the polymer against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, and M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, ammonium, alkyl groups of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, tetraalkyl ammonium groups, and alkanolamine groups having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Abstract: An ornamental article comprising a natural ornamental material such as pearl and a cured coating membrane of a composition based on organic materials which is coated on the surface of said natural ornamental material in a thickness from 0.01 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m, with improved properties such as surface luster and resistivity to scratch, light, chemicals, etc.

Abstract: A low-water content surfactant mixture which is pourable and pumpable at ambient temperature having high wetting power and detergency when used in a fabric detergent composition has a water content of no more than about 20% by weight, and consists essentially of (1) from about 50 to about 65% by weight of a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 fatty alcohol ethoxylate containing an average of about 10 moles of ethylene oxide, (2) from about 5 to about 15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of a C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 tallow alcohol sulfate; (3) from about 4 to about 15% by weight of a C.sub.12 -C.sub.16 alkane sulfonate alkali metal salt and/or the disodium salt of n-octyl sulfosuccinate; and (4) from about 5 to about 13% by weight of a free C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 fatty acid.

Abstract: Granular spray-dried detergent compositions including a liquid component unsuitable for spray-drying are prepared by co-spray-drying a slurry of a porous crystal-growth-modified carbonate-based carrier salt and a detergent slurry containing detergent-active compounds, builders and other suitable ingredients, and then treating the resulting composite powder with the liquid component. The porous carrier salt is preferably the sodium carbonate/sodium sulphate double salt Burkeite, crystal-growth-modified by means of a polymeric polycarboxylate.

Abstract: This invention provides a new gelatin capsule formulation and subcoating for producing soft gelatine capsules having better mechanical strength and an improved capacity for adhering to known coating compositions, particularly enteric coating compositions. The finished capsule shell formulation comprises gelatin 65%-70%, glycerin 22%-25% and water 8%-10% and the subcoating is a suspension of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The subcoating may also be used to manufacture improved enteric coated hard gelatin capsules.

Abstract: Foam control agents for inclusion in detergent compositions in powder form, are particulate and comprise a silicone antifoam compound and an organic material which is a fatty acid or a fatty alcohol, having 12 to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof and which has a melting point in the range 45.degree. to 80.degree. C. and is insoluble in water. The foam control agents are made by a process in which the antifoam and the organic material are contacted in their liquid phase. These foam control agents give a good storage stability in the detergent powders.

Abstract: Integral powdered abrasive soaps are formulated by in-situ reacting on an abrasive, an acid or base component with an antipodal base or acid component. Since the acid or base component resides on the abrasive particles, the formed soap also resides on the abrasive particles and often forms a coating. The in-situ soap is a dry powder and is flowable. The abrasive can be a crushable abrasive so that, upon the application of slight pressure thereto, it breaks down into small particles and aids in cleaning.

Abstract: Integral powdered abrasive soaps are formulated by in-situ reacting on an abrasive, an acid or base component with an antipodal base or acid component. Since the acid or base component resides on the abrasive particles, the formed soap also resides on the abrasive particles and often forms a coating. The in-situ soap is a dry powder and is flowable. The abrasive can be a crushable abrasive so that, upon the application of slight pressure thereto, it breaks down into small particles and aids in cleaning.

Abstract: The present invention provides a copper powder for use in a conductive paste which allows the paste to possess excellent initial electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and humidity resistance, and which enables the paste to maintain stable electrical conductivity for a long period of time. The copper powder of the present invention comprises a raw material copper powder; an anti-oxidization film comprising an organic acid salt of a higher aliphatic amine which is formed on the surface of the copper powder; and a surface film which comprises 0.2 to 10 parts by weight of a dispersing agent of a boron-nitrogen composite type and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of at least one coupling agent of the group consisting of isopropyl-triisostearoyl-titanate and aceoalkoxy-aluminum-diisopropylate, relative to 100 parts by weight of the copper powder, and which is formed on the anti-oxidization film.

Abstract: Sintering of metal particles at their normal sintering temperature is inhibited by coating the metal particles with an organic material such as polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formvar, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile epoxies, urethanes and cross-linked polyvinyl butyral. The organic coating serves as a barrier preventing physical contact between metal particles during the initial phase of the sintering cycle and degrades into a carbonaceous coating followed by volatilization during the intermediate phase of the cycle permitting coalescence of the metal particles into a dense mass along with the coalescence of the glass-ceramic particles. Co-sintering of the metal particles and the glass-ceramic particles with the aid of the organic coating results in a hermetic multi-layer glass ceramic substrate free of dimensional stability problems without deleteriously affecting the electrical conductivity of the metal conductor pattern.

Abstract: This invention relates to an enzyme and peroxyacid bleach granular composition comprising (1) a homogeneously mixed granulate of enzymes and alkaline buffer salt to protect the enzymes from deactivation when mixed with (2) a strong peroxyacid bleach granulate. This composition can also contain detergent surface-active agents, water-soluble builder salts, and other ingredients commonly used in detergents and laundry additive products.

Abstract: An oil well drilling fluid containing mineral fibers which have been coated individually with a dispersant is better able to plug voids and fractures in the rock being drilled than those of the prior art because the mineral fibers are thoroughly dispersed. The fluid is substantially free of nodulated fibers. A dispersant such as a polyethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt is added to a stream of air which attenuates streams of molten slag into fibers. The fibers are uniformly coated with the dispersant and nodules thereof uravel easily when placed in a drilling fluid.

Abstract: Novel carriers for liquid component antifoaming agents, e.g., polysiloxane based, and well adapted for detergency applications, are comprised of a preferably hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate fraction, and a fraction comprised of sodium hydrogen pyrophosphate, sodium hydrogen orthophosphate, or admixture thereof.

Abstract: Solid particles are coated with a uniform and continuous polyamide layer by immersion in a reaction medium capable of forming polyamides by anionic polymerization in solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a stationary silica phase for the purpose of packing a chromatographic column intended for the liquid-phase separation of components. There are thus effected a first grafting with functional groups of the amine type, a complete hydrolysis of the stationary phase so grafted, and finally a further grafting with functional groups of the alkyl type, optionally substituted. A chromatographic column packed with the stationary silica phase can be used to separate the constituents of a petroleum product.

Abstract: For use in magnetic recording tapes and for other purposes, iron and iron alloy materials are passivated and protected against oxidative corrosion by treatment with a solution of a non-hygroscopic salt of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium cation with an anion such as nitrate or chromate.

Abstract: A non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing particulate bleaching detergent composition includes a synthetic organic nonionic detergent, such as a polyethoxylated higher fatty alcohol or alkylphenol, a builder for the nonionic detergent, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate or a cation-exchanging sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), or mixtures thereof, together with a sodium perborate hydrate bleaching agent, the degree of hydration of which corresponds to that of the monohydrate or less, such as 12 to 15%. The described composition, unlike similar compositions wherein the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate, are non-caking, non-tacky and free-flowing after storage in a sealed container at elevated temperature, e.g., four weeks at 43.degree. C., whereas a similar product in which the sodium perborate hydrate is the tetrahydrate is caked solid after such treatment.

Abstract: When an abrasive having an oleophilic surface used in a magnetic recording medium obtained by subjecting an inorganic powder having a Mohs hardness of 5 or above and an average particle size of 2 .mu.m across or below to a dry contact treatment with a dispersing agent having an oleophilic group under grinding conditions giving an impact value of 1G or greater is used in combination with a magnetic powder as a magnetic recording layer of magnetic recording medium, the wear at a magnetic head can be prevented and still characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: A strength enhancing composition for treating textile materials in the sizing or dyeing process has been developed by the encapsulation or occlusion of colloidal silica particles with a water reducible polyester resin of intermediate molecular weight. The complex formation of the resin colloidal silica species is accomplished in an aqueous medium. The resin is prepared from isophthalic acid, diethylene glycol and trimellitic axhydride followed by neutralization with amine containing material to render the resin reducible in water. The composition may be combined with any of the conventional size materials, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol, starches, lubricants, etc., to enhance the performance of the sizing composition. The silica/resin complex may be formed in situ, or may be preformed, dried and pulverized for later use or for mixing with conventional, dry, sizing materials.

Abstract: Delayed-release hypohalite bleach compositions are provided which include encapsulates having a granular, hypohalite-releasing core and a coating delaying release of hypohalite ion and scavenging hypohalite ion when the encapsulates are exposed to an aqueous solution. The coating must include an amine compound with limited solubility in water. The core preferably includes a dihalodialkyl hydantoin and the coating an amine having a saturated hydrocarbon carbon of about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A free-flowing granulate of a powder-form or fine-grained component and a liquid component; the granulate containing at least 20% by weight of the liquid component, is prepared by moving the powder-form or fine-grained component in a mixer-granulator, adding the liquid component while mixing until a moist granulate having a particle size of at most 1.5 mm is obtained, subsequently coarsening the granulate thus obtained with an increase in temperature to a particle size of from 0.4 to 4 mm and optionally coating this coarse granulate with another powder-form and/or fine-grained component at 60.degree. to 90.degree. C. The optionally coated granulate is converted by lowering the treatment temperature into a dry-looking, free-flowing, coarse-grained product, which if desired, may be coated with another powder-form and/or fine-grained material. Despite the high percentage of a liquid component, the granulate thus obtained appears as a dry granulate and is free-flowing.

Abstract: A particulate built nonionic synthetic organic detergent composition includes a detersive proportion of a nonionic synthetic organic detergent and a building proportion, in combination, of a polyacetal carboxylate builder for the nonionic detergent and a polyphosphate builder for such nonionic detergent. Such compositions are readily made by adding polyacetal carboxylate builder to the formula of a control detergent composition, with corresponding diminutions of other component(s), and have detersive powers superior to such control despite the decrease in detergent and other builders. Preferably, certain nonionic detergents, polyacetal carboxylate builders and polyphosphate, in certain proportions, are employed for better detergency and physical characteristics, e.g., flowability.

Abstract: A lightweight aggregate which is inexpensive and excellent in both resistance to freezing and thawing and resistance to water absorption and a process for preparation of such lightweight aggregate are disclosed. In this lightweight aggregate, a gel material is filled in at least open pores in the surface layer of a lightweight porous aggregate among a multiplicity of open pores therein. The preparation process includes the steps of injecting a raw material solution for gel formation in at least open pores in the surface layer of a lightweight porous aggregate among a multiplicity of open pores therein, and allowing the material solution to gel, thereby forming a gel material in at least the open pores in said surface layer so as to fill them with the gel material.

Abstract: A particulate built nonionic synthetic organic detergent composition includes a detersive proportion of a nonionic synthetic organic detergent and a building proportion, in combination, of a polyacetal carboxylate builder for the nonionic detergent and carbonate and bicarbonate builders for such nonionic detergent. Such compositions are readily made by adding polyacetal carboxylate builder to the formula of a control detergent composition, with corresponding diminutions of other component(s), and have detersive powers superior to such control despite the decrease in proportions present of detergent and other builders. Preferably, certain nonionic detergents, polyacetal carboxylate builders, carbonate and bicarbonate, in certain proportions, are employed to make a product of better detergency and physical characteristics, e.g., flowability.

Abstract: Coated articles, for example colored pharmaceutical tablets, bearing highlighted intagliations. The articles are colored intagliated articles bearing at least one film coat comprising at least one optically anisotropic substance, for example magnesium carbonate, and at least one film coating agent. Process for manufacturing said articles.

Abstract: Stone chippings of the type used in the manufacture of road surfaces by hotmix and surface dressing techniques, are rendered water resistant, and less susceptible to binder adhesion failure, by treatment with wax, preferably with wax emulsion.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved granulate enzyme composition comprising a core of enzyme material and a protective coating comprising alkaline buffer salt. The improved granulate enzyme composition has improved stability when mixed with a dry peroxyacid bleach granulate.

Abstract: A granule comprises an inner core, which is formed from a material which does not expand appreciably in the presence of organic compounds, and an outer shell formed from an organo-clay which is preferably held on the inner core with the aid of a binder.The granule can be prepared by tumbling a particle of the inner core material in admixture with a powdered organo-clay and a binder therefor. A particulate bed of the granules can be used for separating organic compounds from a mixture thereof with an aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for coating solid particles using a material being highly viscous or solid at room temperature, whereby a melt of a material being highly viscous or solid at room temperature, and the particulate material, to be coated, respectively, are introduced via separate conduits (19,22) to a hollow space (7) in a rotating mixing disc (3,4), and one or more spaces (13) for a solid material in said mixing disc (3,4) respectively, and are swept by the centripetal force outwardly toward the periphery of the disc (3,4), whereby the melt is pressed from its hollow space (7) via a slot (9) in the disc (3,4) in a direction towards the upper side of the disc (3,4) and thereby forms a finely dispersed melt in the form of small droplets creating a mist, which meets the particulate solid material being swept outwardly by the centripetal force, and is attached to the surface of said material to the formation of an unbroken coating of a material being highly viscous or solid at room temper

Abstract: The luminescent material(s) optionally composed of more color components are suspended in the solution of active agent(s) and treated with 0.5 to 10% by weight of glass forming acid or a mixture thereof, preferably boric acid or phosphoric acid calculated on the weight of the luminescent material. Then a solution comprising 1 to 15% by weight of aliphatic amines calculated on the weight of the luminescent materials is added and the mixture thus obtained is homogenized.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid anticaking and antidusting composition is disclosed which comprises from 35 to 60 parts of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 polyhydric alcohols and ethers thereof having a molecular weight up to 600, especially glycerin in admixture with from 20 to 30 parts of a sodium naphthalene sulfonate, and from 20 to 50 parts of water. The naphthalene component is selected from naphthalene and methyl-substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Unfavorable interaction is prevented between (a) electroconductive particle fillers and (b) organic resin binders of the type which are normally instable with respect to viscosity when aged in contact with said fillers. Moreover, electroconductivity degradation is also avoided. In a preferred mode of the invention, the particle surface is treated with a coating of an interfacial pacifying agent such as a tetravalent tin compound which both enhances the electroconductive performance of the particles and also is sufficiently compatible with the resin binder to migrate into the binder sufficiently to avoid undue gelling of the binder by particle-borne contamination or residues of such contamination.

Abstract: A detergent having improved detergency particularly with respect to greasy soil comprising (a) a mixture of water-insoluble nonionic surfactants, (b) a water-soluble anionic surfactant of the sulfonate or sulfate type, (c) a detergent builder and (d) other standard detergent ingredients. The nonionic surfactant comprises a mixture of (i) an ethoxylated C.sub.16 -C.sub.18 alcohol with 4 to 6 glycolether groups, (ii) an ethoxylated C.sub.10 -C.sub.14 alcohol with 4 to 6 glycolether groups and (iii) an ethoxylated C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 alkylamine with 1 to 3 glycolether groups. The nonionic surfactant is adsorbed on a granular carrier material which is soluble or dispersible in water. The weight ratio of constituent (i) to constituent (ii) to constituent (iii) is within the range of 1:2(2-6):(0.8-2.5) and the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant to the anionic surfactant is within the range of 4:1 to 4:3.

Abstract: Certain blends of mono and diethylene glycol and ethers thereof, when combined in certain proportions with urea, are excellent freeze protection for moist coal solids.