Abstract: The present invention describes a novel method for the formation of optically variant pigments by the coating of layers onto a substrate and the fracturing of the coated material into pigment particles after the coating operation and novel pigments produced thereby. Coating techniques such as slot die coating (especially multiple slot die coating), spin coating, meniscus coating, curtain coating, and the like have proven successful. It is preferred that multiple die slots are used to coat multiple layers in a single pass so that manufacturing costs are minimized. The use of these coating techniques, and especially multiple die slot coating, allows for many layers to be coated, with from three to fifty layers being readily possible. This offers a relatively inexpensive way of coating out a wide variety of layers, and especially the pigment materials needed for optically variable pigments, quickly and with high quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aerogels having hydrophobic surface groups, consisting ofa) taking a silicate-type lyogel,b) optionally subjecting the lyogel taken in Step a) to a solvent exchange with another solvent,c) surface-modifying the gel obtained in Step a) or b) with at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alcohol, andd) drying, under subcritical conditions, the surface-modified gel obtained in Step c).

Abstract: A modified polyester-polyurethane resin is formed by reacting at least one polyisocyanate at least one polyol polyester that is prepared from at least one diacid or ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and at least one polyhydric alcohol, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one promoter of the decomposition of the catalyst peroxide, at least one catalyst of the isocyanate-alcohol reaction, and at least one hydroxylated (alk)acrylate and is used for the impregnation of oriented reinforcements. The resin makes possible quick molding, at moderate temperature, of parts with high mechanical properties.

Abstract: Composite particles having a core consisting of an organic polymer and a coating including at least one aluminum, silicon, zirconium and/or transition metal oxide and/or hydroxide, and optionally containing calcium carbonate, as well as methods for preparing same, are disclosed. The use of said composite particles for preparing hollow particles with a shell of the same kind as the above-mentioned coating is also disclosed. Finally, the use of said hollow composite particles as fillers or additives in plastics and elastomers is disclosed.

Abstract: Metal powders or granules, comprised of at least 2 alloyed metals selected from the group consisting of alkaline metals, alkali metals, transition metals, metalloids, and rare earth metals are coated with an organic monomer, oligomer, polymer, or other organic compound. The metal powders or granules are in hydride, oxide, or reduced form. The coated metal powders or granules are used to decompose and/or immobilize organic compounds containing at least one hetero atom.

Abstract: Microparticles including an organic coating covalently bound to an inorganic substrate are produced in one step by grinding the substrate while immersed in a reactive coating agent. Preferably, a silicon substrate is ground in the presence of an alkene to generate alkyl-coated silicon particles. The particle coatings are robustly attached to the particle cores through Si--C bonds. Various solids such as semiconductors can be used as substrates. The coatings can include various organic radicals, halogen atoms, or hydrogen. The particles can be used as stationary phases for chromatography, as substrates for biological assays, as polymer additives, or as catalyst supports.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing organically modified aerogels, in which a) a silicic acid sol with a pH .ltoreq.4.0 is produced from an aqueous potassium silicate solution using at least one organic and/or inorganic acid; b) the resultant silicic acid sol is polycondensed by the addition of a base to form SiO.sub.2 gel; c) the gel produced in step b) is washed with an organic solvent until the water content of the gel is .ltoreq.5 wt %; d) the gel obtained in step c) is surface-modified with at least one C.sub.1-6 alcohol; and e) the surface-modified which are difficult to dissolve in the silicic acid sol. Before step b), the resultant salts, which are difficult to dissolve, are precipitated to the greates possible extent and separated from the silicic acid sol.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous surface-treating agent and method for surface treatment of reinforcing material, which includes a carbodiimide compound as a main component; a reinforcing material surface-treated with the above aqueous surface-treating agent; and a composite material comprising a matrix and the above reinforcing material. The aqueous surface-treating agent has good storage stability, gives no bad effect on human health owing to no use of organic solvent and, when used for the surface treatment of a reinforcing material, can produce a surface-treated reinforcing material which can produce a composite material comprising a matrix and the surface-treated reinforcing material and having high adhesivity between the two components.

Abstract: Surface treated pigment particles made by contacting a dispersion of pigment particles with a halosilane or organohalosilane, elevating the temperature to form a siloxane on the surface of the particles and recovering the surface treated particles as a presscake or as dry particles.

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising water-soluble, functionalized nanocrystals. The water-soluble functionalized nanocrystals comprise quantum dots capped with a layer of a capping compound, and further comprise, by operably linking and in a successive manner, one or more additional compounds. The one or more additional compounds is comprised of at least a diaminocarboxylic acid which is operatively linked to the capping compound, and may further comprise an amino acid, an affinity ligand, or a combination thereof. Also provided are methods of using the functionalized nanocrystals having an affinity ligand to detect the presence or absence of a target substrate in a sample.

Abstract: Abrasive grain with increased projectability in a UP deposition process is provided with a first conductive coating and a second coating comprising a silicon-containing compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to spherical particles having a size between 5 and 10,000 nm and containing either SnO.sub.2 or SnO.sub.2 and at least one further oxide of the elements from the 1.sup.st to fifth main groups and/or the transitional metals, the oxides also being capable of containing organic groups. A particle surface is modified with organic groups and a SnO.sub.2 content of the particles lies between 0.1 and 99% by weight.

Abstract: An elastic water-permeable polymeric concrete composition, a formulation method therefor, an elastic water-permeable polymeric concrete structure using the composition, and a method for constructing the structure. The polymeric concrete composition is formulated by integrating a rubber powder ground from waste tires or waste rubber and an aggregate using a polymeric binder, and if required, by adding a pigment and aromatic capsules capable of providing remedial and psychological effects. The polymeric concrete structure manufactured using such polymeric concrete composition has appropriate elasticity, water permeability, strength and a pleasant aroma. Thus, the polymeric concrete composition is useful for paving a footpath, a roadway, a bikeway, a railway crossing, a parking lot, a stadium, a racing track, a landing strip, etc., and as a material for civil engineering and constructions such as blocks, tile sound-absorbing plates, soundproofing plates, soundproofing walls and retaining walls.

Abstract: A method of producing metal particles, including the steps of forming a membrane of a polymer or oligomer which has, at the terminals of its molecule and/or in the side chains thereof, at least one functional group selected from cyano, amino and thiol groups, and depositing a metal on the membrane through vapor deposition so that the membrane has particles of the metal and/or its oxide dispersed therein.

Abstract: A non-chrome process for the pretreatment of substrate surfaces to simultaneously clean them and improve their bonding strength for organic coatings such as adhesives, protective primers, sealants, paints, composites and similar materials conventionally bonded to such substrates, including non-chromated or chromated curable organic resin protective coatings applied directly to bare aluminum substrates. The invention involves the use of novel wipe solvent compositions containing a major volume of an environmentally-safe volatile organic solvent which has a low composite vapor pressure or is otherwise exempt from federal, state or local regulations, and a minor volume of a polyfunctional coupling agent, preferably of the silane type.

Abstract: Porous calcined clay sports field conditioners exhibit excellent playability while also displaying excellent drainage, freedom from compaction, and moisture retention under hot, dry conditions. The conditioners are non-hydrating granulates of narrow particle size distribution and are preferably of a red to brown coloration.

Abstract: A method for the reactive coating or reactive encapsulation of fluidizable, organic or inorganic, anisotropic or isotropic substrates with a cross-linking, thermostable and insoluble thermoset by spraying onto substrates a cationically curing one-pot liquid resin system comprising a cationic initiator, which method comprises fluidizing the substrates in a fluidized-bed coater at a temperature above the activation temperature of the cationic initiator and then injecting the one-pot liquid resin system into the fluidized-bed coater through a spraying device, the one-pot liquid resin system having a gelling time of from 1 to 60 seconds at from 100 to 150.degree. C., results in unagglomerated substrates having a cross-linked, thermostable and homogeneous coating.

Abstract: An anhydrous zinc antimonate sol comprising a surface-modified anhydrous zinc antimonate colloid particles dispersed in a liquid, the surface-modified anhydrous zinc antimonate colloid particles comprising anhydrous zinc antimonate colloid particles as nuclei and a silicon-containing substance coating surfaces of the colloid particles, the sol containing an amine and/or an hydroxycarboxylic acid and a method for producing the same. The anhydrous zinc antimonate sol of the present invention is useful as transparent antistatic materials for resins, plastics, glasses, paper, and magnetic tapes, etc., transparent ultraviolet absorbents, transparent heat wave absorbents, high refractive index hard coating agents, antireflective agents, and the like.

Abstract: A method of preparing treated silica is described. The method comprises mixing a hydrolyzable silica precursor such as methyltrichlorosilane with water, an acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid) and a hydrophobing agent capable of rendering polar silanol groups hydrophobic, such as trimethylchlorosilane. The treated silica is then recovered from the mixture.The inventive method provides a number of mechanisms for controlling the physical properties (e.g., particle size, surface area, etc.) of the treated silica. For example, the rate of hydrolysis of the silica precursor, which impacts these physical properties, can be regulated by the nature and concentration of the acid used in the reaction.

Abstract: The stabilization of solid peroxo and peroxy compounds, in particular of sodium percarbonate and acetyl peroxyborate compounds is described, which can be achieved by coating the peroxo and peroxy compounds with a coating material which is a mixture of essentially a) a fatty acid or preferably an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt thereof and b) an anionic surfactant from the group of longer chain substituted sulphonates and sulphates.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface of kaolinite or a kindred mineral comprises the step of subjecting the mineral to a water vapor plasma. The modification involves the generation of reactive hydroxyl sites on the surface of the kaolinite. The plasma treatment may be followed by treatment with an appropriate chemical reagent to further modify the surface properties of the mineral.

Abstract: A process which comprises maintaining a mixture of carbon dioxide, surface treating agent and colorant at a temperature of from about -10.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., and optionally removing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soft magnetic powder composite core for an electric apparatus produced with soft magnetic particles having electric insulating layers on the surfaces thereof, wherein said electric insulating layers are formed by mixing said soft magnetic particles with an insulating layer-forming solution which comprises a phosphating solution and a rust inhibitor, which is an organic compound containing at least one of nitrogen or sulfur having a lone pair of electrons suppressing the formation of iron oxide and surfactant, and drying the treated soft magnetic particles at a predetermined temperature. The soft magnetic powder composite core is excellent in iron loss and magnetic flux density.

Abstract: The present invention is to a process for producing a matrix particle of a colored lake or dye which matrix reduces the leeching or bleeding of the colored lake or dye into the surrounding medium. The present inventive process is particularly useful in toothpaste formulations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly conductive polymer electrolyte membrane and a process for producing it. This invention also describes batteries which employ the polymer electrolyte membrane of this invention.

Abstract: Non agglomerating hollow sub-micron size, 0.5 to 2.0 um, indium oxide microspheres are produced using an aerosol pyrolysis method using an indium compound, preferably, an indium acetate precursor, which is dissolved in water, without the use of chlorine or other dangerous chemicals, to generate an indium constituent such as, acetate dihydroxy indium (III), formed in droplets which, when heated by furnace temperatures of 650-700.degree. C., form the indium oxide microspheres particles suitable for polymer loading as a polyimide matrix particularly useful as antistatic coatings.

Abstract: Modified iron-containing pigment particles modified with an encapsulant comprising an alkylphenol and lecithin having an HLB value from about 10 to about 15. The modified iron oxide pigments made using the encapsulant exhibit enhanced dispersibility in solvents over a wide range of polarity.

Abstract: Improvements in the existing procedures and materials for conduct of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) are disclosed. The use of plastic coated matrices especially small spheres or balls which form superior magnetic gradient-intensifying supports are disclosed, along with improved methods and apparatus to conduct HGMS. The selection of small spheres in combination with the coating provides for uniform matrices of high stability.

Abstract: A pigment of the present invention comprises:pigment particle as core particle;a lower coat formed on at least a part of surface of the pigment particle, comprising squaric acid, polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of 0 to 4, n is an integer of 0 to 4 and m+n is an integer of 2 to 4,or a mixture of the squaric acid and the polyol having an anthraquinone skeleton represented by the general formula (I); andan upper coat formed on at least a part of surface of the obtained particle, comprising at least one alkylene glycol represented by the general formula (II):C.sub.q H.sub.2q (OH).sub.2 (II)wherein q is an integer of 2 to 10.Such pigment has excellent dispersion facility, dispersion homogeneity and dispersion stability, and is suitably used for not only organic solvent-type paints but also water-based paints.

Abstract: Solids having a tendency to cake are treated with distillation heavies that are liquid at about 60.degree. C. or less and are obtained from production of a ketone having the formula:R.dbd.O,wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted, branched, straight chain or cyclic, C.sub.4 to C.sub.18. The solids so treated have a reduced tendency to cake.

Abstract: A process for producing an animal excretion treating article by classifying a pulverized paper diaper having a particle size of 4 mm or less to separate a paper powder and a highly water-absorptive resin from a plastic material. The plastic material from which the separation of the paper powder and the highly water-absorptive resin have been separated, is pulverized into a particle size of 4 mm or less and extruded and granulated to form a granulate having a grain size of 6 mm or more. The granulate is covered with a paper powder/water-absorptive resin mixture powder resulting from the pulverization of the separated paper powder and water-absorptive resin into a particle size of 1 mm or less. All of the starting materials can be obtained from a paper diaper waste powder, and thus, it is possible to provide, at an inexpensive cost, a granular animal excretion treating article capable of being incinerated even after being used, and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A coated granular inorganic substance and a method for producing the coated substance are provided. The coated granular inorganic substance includes inorganic particles having outer surfaces at least partially coated with an organic layer which includes a phosphorus-containing, amphiphilic component. A coating composition which includes a phosphorus-containing, amphiphilic component and a fertilizer spreader containing fertilizer particles having outer surfaces substantially coated with an organic layer which includes the phosphorus-containing, amphiphilic component are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides:an aqueous surface-treating agent used in a process for surface treatment of reinforcing material, which comprises a carbodiimide compound as a main component,a reinforcing material surface-treated with the carbodiimide compound, anda composite material comprising a matrix and the above reinforcing material.Said aqueous surface-treating agent has good storage stability, gives no bad effect on human health owing to no use of organic solvent and, when used for the surface treatment of a reinforcing material, can provide a surface-treated reinforcing material which can produce a composite material comprising a matrix and said surface-treated reinforcing material and having high adhesivity between the two components.

Abstract: An improved resin coated particle comprises a particulate substrate, an inner coating of a curable resin and an outer coating of a substantially cured resin. These improved resin coated particles are produced by first coating the substrate with a reactive resin. A second or outer coating of a resin is then coated over the inner curable resin coating and subjected to conditions of time and temperature sufficient to substantially cure said outer coating while the inner coating remains curable. The particles can be used in a method for treating subterranean formations, which comprises placing in or adjacent to the formation a quantity of the resin coated particle and allowing them to cure into a high strength permeable mass in the formation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the encapsulation of very finely divided solids within a continuous impervious coating of thermoplastic material. The method is carried out with continuous agitation during which the particles are coated with a plurality of sprayed layers of thermoplastic coating material while maintaining the particles in free-flowing powder consistency during the coating steps.

Abstract: A water soluble dicarboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof acts as a mold release agent for salt pellets when a salt-contacting surface of a roll-type briquetting press is coated with from about 0.02 to about 5 mg/cm.sup.2 of a powder of the acid or alkali metal salt just prior to a charge of salt. The coating is achieved by spraying an air stream entraining the powder onto the press rolls or by spraying a solution of the release agent onto the rolls and evaporating the solvent to leave the powder on the rolls. The acid has from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; adipic acid being preferred. Salt pellets having a layer of the powder on their surface may be used in water softening systems wherein the pellets sit in a brine reservoir and supply salt for the recharging of an ion exchange resin. There is no formation of an unsightly scum on the surface of the brine and on the sides of the reservoir.

Abstract: A description is given of a process for producing weakly agglomerated, densified and/or crystallized nanosize particles which is characterized in that either(a) a suspension containing amorphous or partially crystalline nanosize particles is produced in a conventional manner from precursors for the nanosize particles, where the nanosize particles are produced in a solvent which has no solvent capability, or only a low solvent capability, for the particles and in the presence of at least one surface-blocking substance, or(b) an already formed powder comprising amorphous or partially crystalline nanosize particles is suspended in the solvent specified under (a) in the presence of the surface-blocking substance or substances specified under (a), or(c) a sol containing amorphous or partially crystalline nanosize particles is suspended in the solvent specified under (a) in the presence of the surface-blocking substance or substances specified under (a); andthe suspension thus produced is subjected to conditions wh

Abstract: A process for producing surface modified metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions comprising esterifying at least a portion of the metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide composition through contact with at least one esterification agent and at least one catalyst wherein the esterification agent and the catalyst are in the liquid phase. The process may be utilized to produce hydrophobic metal oxide and/or organo-metal oxide compositions at ambient temperature and/or ambient pressure conditions.

Abstract: A method of making isolated particles including the step of at least substantially encapsulating particles present in a highly dispersed colloidal suspension with an encapsulant material, such that the encapsulated particles remain independent and discrete upon separation from the suspension. Also, independent and discrete particles at least substantially encapsulated with the encapsulant material.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of coated nitride powder, comprising contacting one or more metal complex(es), organo-aluminum material, optionally one or more silicon compounds or mixtures thereof, with nitride powder under conditions such that coated nitride powder is formed. A metal complex is a metal-containing system which is soluble in a host liquid. The process of the invention is a process for making coated nitride powder and obtaining the desirable properties of coated nitride powder, while maintaining the desirable properties of the uncoated powder, such as good thermal conductivity, for use in electronic applications. In another aspect, the invention is a coated nitride powder which has the advantageous properties of the uncoated powder and is a desirable alternative to current nitride coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for synthesizing dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-phosphonate and a process for impregnating the dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-phosphonate on to inert carrier granules. The process involves adding dimethyl phosphite to a reaction mixture containing chloral under anhydrous, inert conditions. The molar ratio of chloral to dimethyl phosphite used in the reaction mixture is from about 1.0:1.0 to about 1.1:1.0. The impregnation process involves transferring molten dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-phosphonate into a process vessel and discharging weighed aliquots into a formulation vessel to form a granular product containing dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-phosphonate.

Abstract: Liquid comprising from 93 to 100 percent by weight alcohol is removed from silica alcogel at subcritical temperature to produce silica aerogel. The silica aerogel produced by the method of the present invention not only has high porosity, but in most instances it also has a narrow distribution of small pore sizes. The silica aerogel is preferably reduced in size so as to form particulate silica aerogel.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of hydrophobic precipitated silicas which are useful, for example, as reinforcing fillers in rubber compositions. The method comprises two steps, where in the first step an aqueous suspension of precipitated silica is contacted with an organosilicon compound in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid to effect hydrophobing of the precipitated silica. In the second step the aqueous suspension of the hydrophobic precipitated silica is contacted with a water-immiscible organic solvent at a solvent to silica weight ratio greater than 5:1 to effect separation of the hydrophobic precipitated silica from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for treating fillers, preferably precipitated silica, to improve the physical property profile of heat curable and room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubbers and a composition for room temperature vulcanizable rubbers comprising the silica filler treated by the process of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of modified SiO.sub.2 aerogels in whicha) a silicatic lyogel is prepared,b) if desired, the lyogel prepared in step a) is subjected to a solvent exchange with another organic solvent,c) the gel obtained in step a) or b) is reacted with at least one chlorine-free silylating agent, andd) the gel obtained in step c) is dried subcritically,wherein the chlorine-free silylating agent is a compound of the formula I ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 is identical or different and is selected from a group consisting of linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radicals, branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals and phenyl radicals,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radicals, branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals and phenyl radicals;and n=1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Solids that, untreated, have a tendency to cake are treated with distillation bottoms that are liquid at about 60.degree. C. or less and are obtained from production of an alcohol having the formula:R2-R1-OH,wherein R1 is substituted or unsubstituted, branched, straight chain or cyclic, C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 and R2 is OH or H.

Abstract: Intercalates formed by contacting a layered material, e.g., a phyllosilicate, with an intercalant monomer having a hydroxyl and/or an aromatic ring functionality to sorb or intercalate the intercalant monomer between adjacent platelets of the layered material. Sufficient intercalant monomer is sorbed between adjacent platelets to expand the adjacent platelets to a spacing of at least about 5 .ANG. (as measured after water removal to a maximum of 5% by weight water), up to about 100 .ANG. and preferably in the range of about 10-45 .ANG., so that the intercalate easily can be exfoliated into individual platelets. The intercalated complex can be combined with an organic liquid into a viscous carrier material, for delivery of the carrier material, or for delivery of an active compound; or the intercalated complex can be combined with a matrix polymer to form a strong, filled polymer matrix.

Abstract: A method of preparing a dispersion of small particles in a polymeric precursor, which method involves providing a mixture of a particulate material and a surfactant in a nonaqueous solvent, forming a dispersion of the particulate material in the nonaqueous solvent, combining the resulting dispersion of particulate material in the nonaqueous solvent with a precursor material, and heating the combination of the dispersion of particulate material and the precursor material, with mixing, to a temperature sufficient to volatilize the nonaqueous solvent. The surfactant is soluble in the nonaqueous solvent and is adapted to stabilize the particulate material against agglomeration. The nonaqueous solvent swells the polymeric precursor near the boiling point of the nonaqueous solvent. The boiling point of the nonaqueous solvent is greater than a temperature at which the polymeric precursor may be mixed and below a temperature at which the polymeric precursor polymerizes or decomposes.