Abstract: A method for producing at least a polymer surface layer on at least part of the inner surface of a hollow article that is at least partially of plastic, comprising coating said at least part of the inner surface of the hollow article by establishing a low pressure gas atmosphere within the hollow article, formin a polymerizable plasma within the article by excitation of the gas atmospher within the article by high-frequency electromagnetic energy, and allowing polymerization of the gas atmosphere to take place, whereby a polymerized coating is applied to said part of the inner surface, the gas atmospherre that forms the plasma containing a component that predominantly forms chains at sufficient speed and can be polymerized under the particular plasma conditions, and a component that forms predominantly branching or cross-linking points and can be polymerized under the particular plasma conditions.

Abstract: A vacuum metallized polyimide film comprising an aromatic polyimide layer containing a hydrocarbyl tin compound in oxidation states (II) or (IV) as an additive and a metal plated layer bonded integrally with a high bonding strength or high adhesion through a vacuum deposited metal layer without the use of an adhesive. The metallized polyimide film can be used for flexible printed circuits and multilayer printed wiring boards, as well as for heaters, antennas and antistatic films.

Abstract: A tube-shaped film, made of fluorine resin, has a fold-free, smooth, and uniform inner peripheral surface formed thereon by a surface treatment. An apparatus for treating the inner peripheral surface of the tube-shaped film includes a holding device for holding the tube-shaped film on the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical body with a cylindrical configuration of the tube-shaped film maintained. A treatment device is inserted into the cylindrical body to treat the inner peripheral surface of the tube-shaped film held on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body. The holding device and the treatment device make a uniform linear motion relative to each other and a uniform rotary motion relative to each other.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of apertured, three-dimensional substrates having an extrusion coating material thereon, the coated substrate and an apparatus for making the coated substrate are disclosed. Successive portions of a continuous sheet of the apertured substrate which has a top surface and a bottom surface are passed into contact with a continuous moving perforated member. The coating material is supplied onto the top surface of the continuous moving substrate. The bottom surface of the substrate is subjected to a vacuum. The vacuum causes the coating material to flow onto the top surface of the substrate material and in certain embodiments, at least partially into the apertures in the substrate. The vacuum is maintained for a period of time sufficient for the coating material to bond to the substrate. The coated portions of the substrate are continuously removed from the moving member.

Abstract: An impregnation sealant composition comprises a low viscosity vulcanizable silicone. The silicone is selected from the group consisting of (i) a heat curable silicone composition formed as the reaction product in the presence of a platinum catalyst of a first silicon containing material containing at least two SiH functionalities and having a molecular weight less than 2000 with a second silicon containing material containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated functionalities and having a molecular weight less than 2000, said silicone composition having a ratio of SiH to Si-ethylenically unsaturated functionalities of from about 0.8 to about 1.2; and (ii) a room temperature vulcanizing silicone composition formed as the reaction product of a silicone fluid containing at least two SiOH functionalities and having a molecular weight less than 2000 with a silane cross-linker of formula (I):R.sub.n Si(X).sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for encapsulating a preform of arbitrary size and shape for the purpose of manufacturing a body by means of hot isostatic pressing. The preform is encapsulated with glass using a sol gel technique. The glass initially forms a hard, porous layer. Heating the glass in the hot isostatic press results in the formation of a gas-impermeable capsule around the preform.

Abstract: A method for grafting maleic anhydride groups to the surface of polyolefins s described. The method uses an excited inert gas phase species in contact with the polyolefin and solid maleic anhydride. The surface functionality is identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The modified polyolefin has an increased ability to form a thermal bond with metals, including aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a multilayer electrochemical assembly comprising steps consisting in co-extruding an element comprising at least one electrode film and an electrolyte film based on an ionic conductor polymer through a die so that the electrode is accessible over at least one main face of the extruded element, and over not more than one edge of said element, spiral winding a complex based on the above-specified extruded element to form a structure having, on different faces of its edges, means for making electrical contact respectively with each of the two electrodes, and metallizing said faces of the edge of the structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for modifying surfaces made from metal alloy and/or UHMWPE, preferably surfaces which are frictionally engaged, e.g., in an orthopaedic implant. The methods of the present invention reduce the coefficient of friction of the metal alloy component, reduce the shearing of fibrils from the UHMWPE component, and reduce sub-surface fatigue in the UHMWPE component. The method involves solvent immersion of the UHMWPE component to remove short chains of polyethylene at or near the surface of the component, and to swell and toughen the subsurface of the component. The method also involves firmly coating the surface of the metal alloy component with an adherent layer of diamond-like carbon ("DLC") by creating a metal-silicide interface at the surface of the metal alloy to permit firmer adhesion of DLC.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a conductive polyurethane foam in which the polymerization is made easy, the refinement of pyrrole or the like is not required, the recovery rate of a solvent is enhanced, and the pre-treatment is not required at all; and a conductive polyurethane foam having excellent performances. This method includes a process: of coating an oxidizer solution (methanol solution containing FeCl.sub.3 and FeCl.sub.

Abstract: Polymeric surfaces of medical devices or components of medical devices are provided that have enhanced biocompatibility properties. The polymeric surface presents an anti-thrombogenic, fibrinolytic or thrombolytic interface with body fluids such as blood during implantation or medical procedures. The biocompatibility enhancing agent is secured to the polymeric substrate by a spacer molecule which is covalently bound to the polymeric substrate which had been subjected to radiofrequency plasma treatment with a water vapor medium.

Abstract: A penetrant composition for applying to and penetrating into weather exposed surface materials to prevent moss growth thereon is described. The composition is an aqueous solution containing Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant for increasing the permeability of the composition into the surface material. A method of protecting weather exposed surface material from moss growth thereon is also described. The method involves the steps of providing a composition including water, Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant. Approximately 1 gallon of the composition is applied per 100 square feet of surface to be protected. The composition is allowed to dry on and in the surface material at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A protective layer or film is deposited onto a face surface of a plastic substrate, e.g., a PMMA shaped article, by (a) placing such plastic substrate on a weakly or unpolarized electrode comprising a plasma-generating circuit, (b) plasma-pretreating the plastic substrate in an oxygen plasma, under primary vacuum, by a pulse of electrical power density of such minimum magnitude as to oxygen-activate a face surface thereof, and (c) plasma-polymerizing at least one organosilicon monomer onto the face surface of said plastic substrate, also under vacuum and from an oxygen/organosilicon monomer plasma, whereby depositing a thin protective layer or film thereon.

Abstract: A process for producing a catalytically active gas diffusion electrode, in which process a gas-permeable membrane is first covered by a structuring mask which has recesses in accordance with the planned electrode surfaces. Next, through vapor deposition or cathodic sputtering of a conductive substance in a vacuum, a conductive electrode pattern structured in accordance with the recesses is produced on the membrane. After this, the conductive electrode pattern located on the membrane is galvanically coated with the catalyst by electrolytic deposition and then made hydrophobic.

Abstract: In a plasma-CVD method and apparatus, plasma is formed from a film material gas in a process chamber and, in the plasma, a film is deposited on a substrate disposed in the process chamber. Formation of the plasma from the material gas is performed by application of an rf-power prepared by effecting an amplitude modulation on a basic rf-power having a frequency in a range from 10 MHz to 200 MHz. A modulation frequency of the amplitude modulation is in a range from 1/1000 to 1/10 of the frequency of the basic rf-power. Alternatively, the rf-power is prepared by effecting on the basic rf-power a first amplitude modulation at a frequency in a range from 1/1000 to 1/10 of the frequency of the basic rf-power, and additionally effecting a second amplitude modulation on the modulated rf-power. A modulation frequency of the second amplitude modulation is in a range from 1/100 to 100 times the modulation frequency of the first amplitude modulation.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device includes a light emitting layer made of a conjugated polymer that is prepared using halogen precursor route chemistry.

Abstract: Process for coating flexible belt seams including providing a flexible belt having an outwardly facing surface and a welded seam, forming a smooth liquid coating comprising a hardenable film forming polymer on the welded seam, the coating being substantially free of fugitive solvent, and hardening the coating to form a smooth solid coating on the seam.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a metallized part comprises the following steps. A part is provided made from a substrate material selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic urethane (TPU), TPU alloys, polyester alloys, nylon, thermoplastic olefins (TPO) and aluminum. A single protective layer (combined primer/basecoat) is spray deposited, flashed and cured over the substrate. Over the combined primer/basecoat layer, a layer of corrosion prone metal is vacuum deposited to form a discontinuous film covering the combined primer/basecoat layer. A layer of clear resinous protective dielectric topcoat is spray deposited and cured to completely cover the layer of vacuum deposited corrosion prone metal material and fill channels formed in the discontinuous film layer.

Abstract: A method for sequentially depositing a silicon oxide based film as a barrier on a substrate. The film is useful for providing an effective barrier against gas permeability in containers and for extending shelf-life of containers, especially plastic evacuated blood collection devices.

Abstract: An improved method for fabricating a circuit element through a substrate permits fabrication of large geometry vias between substrate sides. The improved method includes disposing a substrate (327) between two compressible layers (317, 339). Each of the layers (317, 339) has at least one aperture (345, 321) disposed therethrough. The substrate (327), has at least one via (333) aligned between the apertures (345, 321) where the via has an area smaller than an area of the apertures (345, 321). Next, a coating, preferably a liquid circuit element material (351) is disposed into one of the apertures (321) of one of the two compressible layers (339). A pressure (405) is applied between the two compressible layers (317, 339) causing the liquid circuit element material (351) to flow between the two compressible layers (317, 339), thereby coating the at least one via (333) of the substrate (327), thus providing an interconnect (609, 611) of the coating through the substrate (327).

Abstract: A method for the production of a photographic coating support material includes a vacuum drying of the synthetic resin and the master batches as well as a storing and transport these products in a closed system with cleaned and dried air.

Abstract: A coating method characterized in that a coating liquid including a pigment and a binder, and having a concentration of between 50 and 70% by weight and a viscosity of between 700 and 4000 cps, is deaerated in an environment having a degree of vacuum of a saturated vapor pressure or less and under a condition of applying shear to the coating liquid, and a printing base paper is coated with the deaerated coating liquid having the curtain-like shape to produce a coated paper for printing and having a superior white paper brightness, smoothness, uniform coating quantity, and printing suitability.

Abstract: A screen printing process for providing long-lasting, visually-appealing images on PVC sheet material such PVC venetian blind slats, through use of a computer hardware and CAD/CAM and computer color-matching software.

Abstract: A method for silicone polymer impregnation and curing in tissue to preserve the tissue. The tissue is frozen without use of an intermediary solvent and then freeze-dried using a first vacuum. The tissue is then immersed in a non-flammable degreasing solvent, particularly 1,1,1-trichloroethane to remove lipids and the like from the tissue. The tissue is then impregnated with a silicone polymer precursor and a curing agent, and then cured under a second vacuum in a chamber (23). The impregnated polymer silicone precursor is then cured in the tissue. The tissue is preferably an anatomical specimen.

Abstract: A polymer composite includes a thermoplastic plastic polymer having a fine grain metal or metal oxide dispersed therein. Preferably, the fine grains has a size of about 1,000 nm or less. A method of making the polymer composite by adhering a metal layer to a thermoplastic polymer layer in a thermodynamically nonequilibrated condition followed by relaxation of the polymer layer to obtain thermodynamic equilibrium which causes the metal layer to be absorbed by the polymer layer as fine grains is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a winding assembly of an electrical equipment with varnish, the winding assembly including a core and one or more windings wound on the core, the method comprising steps of enclosing the winding assembly in a bag, pouring a predetermined amount of varnish into the bag enclosing the winding assembly, reducing an atmospheric pressure in the bag and thereafter, maintaining the bag in the air-tightly closed state so that the winding of the winding assembly is impregnated with the varnish poured into the bag, and drying the winding assembly after completion of the step of impregnating the winding with the varnish.

Abstract: A reactive ionized cluster beam deposition method according to this invention is embodied by utilizing two vacuum subregions partitioned by a partition wall formed with an opening. A closed heating crucible and an ionization accelerating unit are disposed in one vacuum subregion partitioned by the partition wall. A substrate is also disposed in the other vacuum subregion, and at the same time a reactive gas is introduced thereinto. Degrees of vacuums in the two vacuum subregions partitioned by the partition wall are equal to or different from each other. Particularly, a gas concentration in the latter vacuum subregion is enhanced. Then, the ionized cluster beams formed in the former vacuum subregion are introduced into the latter vacuum subregion via the opening of the partition wall and react to the reactive gas within the latter vacuum subregion. The ionized cluster beams reacting to the reactive gas impinge on the substrate, thereby forming the deposited film on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A non-destructive laser marking method including irradiating laser light on a thermosensitive color-forming layer formed by printing with a printing ink containing a leuco dye as a color former and an acidic substance as a color developer, and at least one background color formation inhibitor selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble amino acid, an ammonium salt of an inorganic acid, a pH buffer, and water. Laser marking can be achieved with low energy and at high speed while minimizing background color formation to provide a high-contrast color image.

Abstract: A wetting unit provides a contact agent between the coating roll and the film surface before coating by a thermal source.

Abstract: When manufacturing a magnetic recording medium, depositing material in a crucible is heated to evaporate, and the vapor particles of the deposition material is continuously deposited on a continuous substrate material running along the peripheral surface of a cylindrical cooling can between a position where the vapor particles impinge upon the substrate material at a large angle and a position where the vapor particles impinge upon the substrate material at a small angle. The distance r(.theta.min) between the substrate material and the depositing material in the crucible when the vapor particles impinge upon the substrate material at a minimum incidence angle and the distance r(.theta.max) between the substrate material and the depositing material in the crucible when the vapor particles impinge upon the substrate material at a maximum incidence angle satisfy the formula 0.25.ltoreq.{r(.theta.min)/r(.theta.max)}.sup.2.

Abstract: A penetrant composition for applying to and penetrating into weather exposed surface materials to prevent moss growth thereon is described. The composition is an aqueous solution containing Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant for increasing the permeability of the composition into the surface material. A method of protecting weather exposed surface material from moss growth thereon is also described. The method involves the steps of providing a composition including water, Na.sub.2 O, SiO.sub.2 and a surfactant. Approximately 1 gallon of the composition is applied per 100 square feet of surface to be protected. The composition is allowed to dry on and in the surface material at ambient temperatures.

Abstract: Silicone hydride (Si--H) can be produced on the surface of silicone rubbers by plasma treatment of silicone rubber in the presence of hydrogen or an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, neon or argon in a plasma chamber which is substantially free of oxygen and oxygen-producing compounds. The silicone hydride can then be used as a grafting site for the covalent attachment for many substances, including bioactive molecules.

Abstract: A plasma treating apparatus is useful for coating substrates with thin films having vapor barrier properties at relatively rapid deposition rates. The apparatus comprises an evacuable chamber, an electrically powered electrode defining a plasma-facing surface within the chamber, and a shield spaced a distance .DELTA. transverse to the plasma-facing surface. During plasma treatments, the plasma is confined to within distance .DELTA. while a substrate is continuously fed through the confined plasma.

Abstract: A method for sequentially depositing a silicon oxide based film as a barrier on a substrate. The film is useful for providing an effective barrier against gas permeability in containers and for extending shelf-life of containers, especially plastic evacuated blood collection devices.

Abstract: Color filter arrays containing one or more colors for liquid crystal displays and other optoelectronic devices are made by using a laser to ablate portions of a coating on either a colored or transparent substrate. Color filter materials are placed into the ablated openings and cured. The number of laser ablated openings in the coated substrate varies, depending on the quantity and types of colors desired.

Abstract: A method of producing a magnetic recording medium comprises the steps of heating in vacuum a magnetic recording medium produced by forming a ferromagnetic metal-film-type recording medium onto a non-magnetic substrate and of forming, immediately after heating, a protective layer on the magnetic recording medium by a plasma CVD method. A production apparatus for carrying out this method comprises a feeding apparatus for feeding a magnetic recording medium with a ferromagnetic thin film formed on a non-magnetic substrate, a plasma CVD apparatus, disposed in the path of this feeding apparatus, for forming a protective layer, and a heating apparatus disposed just before this plasma CVD apparatus in the feeding path.

Abstract: A method for producing a magnetic recording medium having a magnetic layer having a two-layered structure positioned on a substrate, which includes forming the magnetic layer on the substrate by a vacuum deposition process during the travel of the substrate on a cylindrical can, wherein a first evaporation source and a second evaporation source are positioned on the same side of a vertical line passing across a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical can while confronting the cylindrical can, a shield plate having a first opening and a second opening is positioned between the cylindrical can and the first and second evaporation sources, each of vapors evaporated from the first and second evaporation sources passes through the first and second openings, respectively, a distance between the vertical line passing across the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical can and a center of an evaporation part of the first evaporation source is longer than a radius of the cylindrical can, and a distance between the vertical l

Abstract: A process gas atmosphere consisting essentially of (a) organosiloxanes and inert gas, or (b) pure silane or (c) silane plus inert gas is introduced into a vacuum chamber and exposed to microwaves to produce an electro-cyclotron resonance in a plasma for coating substrates. The process is useful for producing an adherent coating on a plastic substrate, especially an intermediate coating for a reflective coating in an automotive headlamp.

Abstract: A method for modifying the plastic surface of an article adapted for contacting living tissue by the gamma or electron beam irradiation induced chemical graft coating thereon of:(1) a neutral or ionic water-soluble, hydrophilic vinylic monomer or salt thereof;(2) a mixture of at least two of said monomers, or(3) a mixture of (1) or (2) with up to about 50%, by weight, based on the total monomer weight, of a member selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, and mixtures thereof; so as to form a hydrophilic graft polymer coating on the surface.

Abstract: Surfaces of fine polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders were modified by exposure to the downstream products of a nitrogen or oxygen microwave plasma. The effects of nitrogen and indium incorporation in the powder surface were studied with emphasis on variations in the triboelectric properties of the powder. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to determine the changes in surface elemental composition. After nitrogen plasma treatment, the C 1s peak profiles suggested the formation of amines in the case of PS, and the formation of imines and amides in the case of PMMA. Oxygen plasma treatment suggested the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surfaces of both PS and PMMA. After treatment with a nitrogen or oxygen plasma, the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of PS and PMMA powders in contact with carrier particles was measured using the cage blowoff method. The surface charge density (Q/A) was calculated from Q/M.

Abstract: The process is particularly well suited to the manufacture of composite materials, where a fibrous reinforcement texture is to be impregnated by a densifying matrix, and comprises the steps of:preparing a slurry containing a solid charge in the form of finely divided particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, which preferably contains an organic compound,placing a substrate inside an enclosure,creating a vacuum inside the enclosure, andcausing the slurry to pass through the substrate by means of a pressure difference.Uniformity of charge integration is ensured by forcing the slurry to pass through the substrate several times, in successively opposite directions. The concentration of solid charge in the slurry can be determined as a function of an intended charge percentage by volume in said substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing a particulate-solid-bearing air-permeable sheet of material of other than woven and knitted material selected from non-woven fabrics and open cell foam materials includes the following steps: entraining a particulate solid in a gaseous carrier in the substantial absence of fibrous material; disposing one face of a preformed air-permeable sheet material, which material has a density at or below 0.25 g/cm.sup.3, in the path of a stream of the gaseous carrier and entrained particulate solid, whilst maintaining a pressure drop across the thickness of the preformed air-permeable sheet material from the one face to the other face of the air-permeable sheet material, whereby to entrap some or all of the entrained particulate solid on or on and in the air-permeable material; and fixing the retained particulate solid on or on and in the air-permeable material with a binder. The mean pore size of the preformed sheet material is greater than the mean particle size of the particulate solid.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for deacidifying paper by contacting the paper one or more times with hydrocarbon or halocarbon solutions of certain magnesium and/or zinc alkoxyalkoxides which may have been treated with carbon dioxide to yield low viscosity solutions, drying the books and rehydrating the books.

Abstract: Diffusely reflecting metal oxide, preferably titanium dioxide, coatings are prepared on substrates by atomic layer epitaxy. Successive pulses of a hydrolyzable metal chloride and water are introduced at pressures in the range of about 180-1250 and about 150-650 millitorr, respectively, the pulse length being effective to produce a coating with an average thickness of about 15-25 .ANG.ngstroms during a single pulse pair.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the gas-separation performance of an aromatic polyimide membrane with high reproducibility, by plasma-treating an asymmetric aromatic polyimide membrane comprising 80 to 100 molar % of at least one type of recurring units selected from those of the formulae (A) and (B) and 0 to 20 molar % of recurring units of the formula (C): ##STR1## in the formulae of which, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 =an aromatic residue derived from an aromatic diamine compound and R=a tetravalent aromatic residue derived from an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid compound and different from tetravalent the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid residues appearing in the formulae (A) and (B), and has a helium gas-permeation rate [P.sub.He ] of 1.times.10.sup.-4 cm.sup.3 /cm.sup.2.sec.cmHg or more at 80.degree. C. and a ratio [P.sub.He ]/[P.sub.N2 ] of the helium gaspermeation rate [P.sub.He ] to a nitrogen gas-permeation rate [P.sub.N2 ] of 20 or more at 80.degree. C., in an atmosphere comprising ammonia.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for treating particles with plasma activated species. Through the use of the present invention, particles can be functionalized, coated or grafted.

Abstract: In the bonding of lightweight fleeces, there is the problem at relatively high feeding velocities of providing the fleece with the required amount of impregnating agent. Also, it has been found that the individual fibers of a fleece move with respect to one another during the impregnating step, and the fleece tends to disintegrate. In order to impart to the fleece, without great expenditure, a strength required for the bonding procedure, the provision is made to subject the fleece to a preliminary bonding step by wetting with cold water prior to application of the bonding agent, for example in a foam padder. It has been discovered under practical conditions that this minor bonding step is adequate for avoiding disintegration of the loose fiber layer within the nip padder during impregnation.

Abstract: A process to improve the surface properties of products made, at least in part, from silicone rubber is disclosed. The products find uses in industrial and medical device applications, such as drug-pump seals and valves, membranes, mammary prostheses, artificial heart diaphragms, pacemaker lead insulation and the like. The process is designed to change the silicone rubber's surface to one that is characterized by low friction, being antithrombotic, inkable, more wear resistant and deformable, and also being hydro-compatible. The process includes subjecting the product's silicone rubber surface to ion bombardment with gaseous ions that diffuse out with doses and at energy levels at least about 3E14 ions/cm.sup.2 at 80 keV.

Abstract: A restoration method and apparatus whereby a paper fiber dispenser with a vibrating motor causes paper fibers in a dry state to fall onto a disposable filter and within missing part or parts of paper being restored thereon. Paper fibers are collected and immobilized on disposable filter and within missing part or parts of paper being restored as underside of disposable filter is subjected to suction. Water-base adhesive is applied with brush to paper fibers. Paper fibers are compacted with spatula. A tensional filter counteracts pressure exerted with spatula on paper fibers. A tensional filter and disposable filter are subjected to humidity to prevent glue residue from solidifying on tensional filter and to facilitate peeling off disposable filter from restored paper. A restoration table is equipped with a tensional filter and a vacuum and humidification chamber in communication with a source of suction and a source of humidity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus uniformly impregnate stranded material with dry powder such as low solubility, high melt flow polymer powder to produce, for example, composite prepregs. The stranded material is expanded in an impregnation chamber by an influx of air so that the powder, which may enter through the same inlet as the air, penetrates to the center of the stranded material. The stranded material then is contracted for holding the powder therein. The stranded material and powder may be pulled through the impregnation chamber in the same direction by vacuum. Larger particles of powder which do not fully penetrate the stranded material may be combed into the stranded material and powder which does not impregnate the stranded material may be collected and reused.