Abstract: A process for preparing an open-cell structure from a vinyl chloride resin. The process includes mixing a vinyl chloride resin, stabilizer, plasticizer, surface active agent, azodicarbonamide and 4,4'-oxybisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide to form a vinyl chloride resin paste. The vinyl chloride resin paste of step (a) is rendered alkaline, and mixed to form a uniformly-mixed paste. The paste is permitted to expand, and then heated to cause gelation.

Abstract: Organic carboxylic acid containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and having at least two carboxyl groups or at least one carboxyl group and one amino or hydroxy group or anhydride or halide of such acid is used in making aqueous, foam-growth-controlling printing ink composition for use in chemical embossing of heat-foamable and expandable resinous materials such as polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of treating a surface with reagents. The method comprises:(i) establishing a reagent in a liquid phase;(ii) forming a foam of said liquid phase;(iii) applying said foam to said surface to be treated;(iv) causing or allowing the foam to collapse at the interface of said surface being treated to deposit the reagent thereon and thereafter removing or deactivating the reagent on said surface when the treatment is complete, whereby the rate of foam collapse is controlled to control the rate of application of the reagent to the said surface.

Abstract: Cellular foams, particularly polyisocyanurate foams, are prepared by reacting together an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a trimerization catalyst, and a minor amount of a polyol mixture prepared by the transesterification with a glycol of a by-product fraction from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate, the major portion of said fraction comprising about 15 to 70 weight percent of dimethyl terephthalate, and about 85 to 30 weight percent of a mixture of monomethyl terephthalate, bi-ring esters and polymeric materials. Laminates of such foams exhibit a high degree of fire resistance, low smoke evolution on combustion, low foam friability and high compressive strength.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the combination of certain polyvalent metal ions with certain proteinaceous foaming agents will significantly enhance the efficacy of proteinaceous foaming compositions. The present invention affords the means for achieving significantly improved protein foam from vegetable protein hydrolyzates which normally fail to possess the foaming efficacy of conventional proteinaceous foam agents such as egg albumen and caseinates. The improved foamed products may be obtained by employing a combination of polyvalent ions such as calcium and zinc with enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein whipping agents which are characterized as being soluble throughout the pH 4 to 7 range. The proteinaceous foaming composition may be utilized for a variety of industrial and food applications. The present foaming compositions are particularly useful in providing coated paper products.

Abstract: A process of producing a modified polyester foam having a density of 0.

Abstract: A method for treating a web of material such as rug with a treatment medium in which one treatment medium is applied as part of a layer of foam to the advancing web and the foam allowed to act thereon and, in order to obtain effects not obtainable with the single layer of foam, a further treatment medium is applied to the foam as a foam, liquid, paste or in solid form and allowed to interact with the foam before either treatment medium is fixed, with both treatment media acting on the web.

Abstract: In a method for prime coating fiberboard products the improvement wherein a foaming agent is added to a conventional aqueous latex based prime coating and the coating aerated to give a frothed prime coating having a consistency of 500 to 750 grams per liter, the frothed coating applied to the board product at a rate of 220 to 320 grams per square meter, and heated to collapse the froth and dry the coating.

Abstract: Organic carboxylic acid containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and having at least two carboxyl groups or at least one carboxyl group and one amino or hydroxy group or anhydride or halide of such acid is used in making aqueous, foam-growth-controlling printing ink composition for use in chemical embossing of heat-foamable and expandable resinous materials such as polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for treating textile materials with finishing agents wherein a first finishing agent-containing composition is applied to a textile material and a second composition, in the form of a foam, is thereafter applied to the textile prior to fixation of the the first applied composition. The first composition may also be applied in the form of a foam if desired. The compositions may also contain reactive materials therein.

Abstract: High density structural ("blocking") materials composed of a polyimide filled with glass microballoons and methods for making such materials. Structural components such as panels which have integral edgings and/or other parts made of the high density materials.

Abstract: A composite synthetic leather sheet material and method of manufacture thereof is disclosed. The composite sheet material comprises outer thermoplastic polymeric layers bonded to opposite faces of a reinforcing textile fabric, preferably a porous woven fabric of high strength material, by an intermediate polymeric layer which fills the interstices of the fabric and has opposite surfaces disposed adjacent the fabric surfaces to engage and firmly secure the outer thermoplastic polymeric layers in the composite sheet. One of the outer thermoplastic layers is foamed to a relatively high degree and the outer surface of the foam is mechanically abraded or buffed to provide a suede-like leather appearance thereto. The other outer thermoplastic layer may be foamed and provided with an embossed leather-like surface appearance. The sheet material product is reversible in use, completely heat-sealable, flow-moldable, and printable on both sides for subsequent manufacture of synthetic leather good articles.

Abstract: A thin, sheet material substantially aids in absorbing a mechanical impact or shock--useful in widely disparate applications, e.g., on handle/grips of sports equipment such as bats, rackets, paddles, clubs or the like. The material is formed of a three layer laminate including a central resilient fabric embedded in a low solid-content, large pore polyester or polyether urethane elastomer, bounded by large pore polyurethane of open and closed surface pore configuration, respectively.In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, grip enhancement is effected by providing mating open surface pore urethane surfaces--as by a glove cooperating with a handle wrapping or the like.

Abstract: A foamable composition suitable for treating fabrics with finishing agents in which a minimum amount of foaming agent is utilized. Up to about 10 percent of foaming system is included in the composition with the ratio of active solids to foaming system being in excess of 8:1. The foam composition may be provided in the form of a paste-like, substantially liquid free admixture of a foaming system and finishing agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing an absorbing mop material comprising a substratum of non-woven fibres and a flexible, porous, polymeric binder. The process comprises preparing a non-woven web of textile fibres, consisting essentially of a cellulosic material, preparing an aqueous dispersion containing a thermocoagulable polymer and a coagulating agent, adding to the aqueous dispersion a liquid expanding agent having a boiling point of 30.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., impregnating the web with the aqueous dispersion to which the expanding agent has been added, subjecting the impregnated web to a heat treatment at 40.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., washing the web with water, and subjecting the web to a further heat treatment at a temperature equal to or greater than 100.degree. C.

Abstract: The specification describes water vapor-permeability sheet materials, particularly useful in the footwear industry. The production of sheet materials which are water permeable, highly resistant to wear, water resistant and mechanically stressable occurs by mechanically foaming a polymeric dispersion, the mechanical foaming being carried out in the presence of a surfactant, the density of the film being adjusted by the mechanical foaming to 0.55-0.85 g/cm.sup.3, gelling the foamed dispersion at a temperature of 120.degree. to 220.degree. C., for at most 10 minutes, and finishing the sheet material by spraying and/or rastering.

Abstract: Improved adhesion between the skin and core of laminates having rigid polyisocyanurate foam cores is obtained by incorporating a dipolar aprotic organic solvent, in minor amount, into the reaction mixture employed to prepare the polyisocyanurate foam core.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printed ceiling board facing material is disclosed in which a greige, foam-coated fabric is selectively printed with an expandable print paste or foamable plastisol. Upon heating, the expandable or foamable coating is substantially increased in size and bonded to the coated substrate. Novel and attractive architectural effects and hand are achieved while the facing meets commercial requirements of light fastness, heat stability and flame resistance. The printed fabric is useful as a ceiling board facing when a highly visible three-dimensional appearance is required.

Abstract: A plastic coating is provided which protects coated structures from flame. The coating is a product resulting from mixing an aromatic polyisocyanate, an aromatic polycarboxylic compound, and furfuryl alcohol at a temperature less than 80.degree. C. The structure to be protected from flame is coated with the product and the product is then dried. If the coated structure is exposed to flame, the coating intumesces to form a flame-resistant foam which protects the structure.

Abstract: A crinkle embossed surface on a flexible sheet goods substrate is created by means of applying an actinic radiation curable coating which is essentially solvent-free and comprises at least two photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule to the flexible sheet substrate. The coating is fully reacted and has developed essentially all of its physical properties upon exposure to actinic radiation in the temperature range of 180.degree. to 250.degree. F. for between five seconds and one minute time period resulting in a product having a clear, durable wearlayer, with stain resistant properties; scratch and scuff resistance as well as wear properties which are superior and having a uniform crinkled surface texture.

Abstract: According to the process for producing a foam sheet having an embossed pattern of the present invention, a coating containing an aliphatic ketone type solvent as its main ingredient and being incapable by itself of substantially inhibiting decomposition of a blowing agent comprising azodicarbonamide as its main ingredient is printed in the form of a pattern on selected portions of the surface of a foamable polyvinyl chloride resin sheet material containing a specific amine or amines and the blowing agent, and the foamable sheet material subsequently is heated to foam it.

Abstract: A method of making a differential gloss product which comprises: forming a gelled, potentially foamable, base resinous material; printing thereon a predetermined pattern, some portions containing a urethane polymerization catalyst and either the same or other portions containing a foaming inhibitor; applying to the printed pattern a resinous wear layer; gelling the resinous wear layer and foaming and fusing the resinous materials; applying a urethane coating composition containing no urethane polymerization catalyst to the resinous wear layer; heating to polymerize the portions of the urethane coating composition lying directly over the portions containing the urethane polymerization catalyst to create interspersed high gloss polymerized surfaces; dusting onto the entire surface of the urethane coating composition a powdered particulate or granular material containing a urethane polymerization catalyst; removing the excess particulate or granular materials from the interspersed, polymerized, high gloss areas;

Abstract: Phosphorescent screens which are useful for such purposes as intensifying screens for radiographs are comprised of a support bearing a layer of finely-divided particles of a phosphor dispersed in a cross-linked polymeric matrix formed by heat-curing of a coating composition comprising an unsaturated cross-linkable polymer, a polymerizable acrylic monomer, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and a heat-activatable polymerization initiator. The phosphor layer includes voids formed by evaporation of an evaporable component which is present in the coating composition from which such layer is formed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for impregnating a fibrous web is disclosed having a conveyor for advancing the fibrous web. The fibrous web having a first surface and a second surface. An applicator is provided for applying a foamed binder to the first surface of the fibrous web and the foamed binder seals the first surface of the web. A vacuum chamber is positioned adjacent the second surface of the web. The vacuum chamber contains a narrow slot adjacent the second surface of the web for applying a vacuum to the web. The vacuum acts upon the web to reduce the thickness of the web and to draw the foamed binder material into the web to impregnate the web.

Abstract: A froth coated paper substrate in which the froth coating may be densified by compression when applied as a frothed resinous emulsion to improve opacity and ink-holdout of the substrate, or applied as a frothed surface size when the coating is a frothed admixture of a resin emulsion and a starch solution, or a frothed starch solution.

Abstract: An embossed interior finishing material having superior cigarette mark resistance, said material comprising(A) a base material(B) formed on said base material, a foamed and ultraviolet-cured undercoat layer obtained from a vinyl chloride polymer, a reactive plasticizer, a blowing agent and a light sensitizer, and(C) formed on said undercoat layer, an ultraviolet-cured top coat layer obtained from a vinyl chloride polymer, a reactive plasticizer and a light sensitizer, or(C') formed on said undercoat layer, an ultraviolet-cured top paint layer.

Abstract: A continuous process for applying a solder coating to copper-coated holes and tracks on a printed circuit board. The upper surface of the circuit board having a flux thereon is contacted with a contact member and the circuit board and contact member are moved through a molten bath of solder. Solder is displaced by the circuit board to produce a buoyant force which presses the circuit board against the contact member. The speed of the contact member in moving through the molten solder is controlled to determine dwell time of the circuit board and maintain contact between the circuit board and the contact member.An apparatus for continuously applying a solder coating to copper-coated holes and tracks on a printed circuit board. The apparatus includes means to contain a bath of molten solder and means to contact the upper surface of a printed circuit board.

Abstract: The process for producing a surface covering having a randomly embossed wear surface which comprises incorporating a blowing agent into a resinous composition, forming the resinous composition into a layer, heating to partially fuse the layer, printing a design on the surface of the layer, randomly distributing flakes of resinous composition containing an inhibitor for the blowing agent onto the printed surface of the layer, applying a clear wear layer thereto and heating the assembly to the decomposition temperature of the blowing agent.

Abstract: A laminated foam-creped paper product and method of production thereof are disclosed. The laminated paper product exhibits increased wet strength and bulk and is highly absorbent, while also possessing cloth-like tactile properties. The foam layer is derived from an aqueous solution or dispersion of a film-forming material, and is caused to set soon after formation on the creped paper layer to prevent release of the crepe while minimizing penetration of the foam into the creped paper.

Abstract: Decorative sheet type material and process for making same. The material comprises a substrate, an embossed foamed plastic layer, a translucent layer having raised portions corresponding to embossed portions of the embossed layer and preferably a wear layer. The process involves forming an embossed foamed plastic layer on a substrate, covering the embossed layer with a layer of heat curable translucent plastic and then heating the materials sufficiently to cure the translucent plastic and also to allow embossed portions of the embossed layer to partially expand to create raised portions of the translucent layer corresponding to embossed areas of the embossed layer.

Abstract: A method of making a differential gloss product which comprises: forming a foamable base resinous plastisol on a substrate; gelling the base resinous plastisol; applying to the base resinous plastisol various printing ink compositions in a predetermined pattern, some portions of which contain a blowing inhibitor and a polymerization temperature-lowering promoter, either in the same or different portions; applying to the printed base resinous plastisol a resinous wear layer containing a polymerizable and/or cross-linkable monomeric material and a free radical polymerization catalyst; gelling the wear layer; mechanically dull mat embossing the entire surface of the wear layer at a temperature below the normal decomposition temperature of the catalyst but which is sufficient to decompose the catalyst in those portions of the wear layer lying directly over the polymerization temperature-lowering promoter present in some portions of the printed pattern, whereby the polymerizable monomeric material polymerizes to b

Abstract: Polyimide foams derived from mixtures of aromatic diamines and partial esters of a benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid. The precursors are converted into polyimide foams by the application of heat; and the foams are then compressed, yielding dense, rigid, and structurally strong, intumescent materials.

Abstract: A method for producing a relief, which comprises forming a layer of a pattern on the surface of a sheet made of a material having the property of increasing in volume when heated, said pattern being made of a material having a stronger ability to absorb light than the aforesaid material, and then irradiating strong light uniformly on the entire surface of the sheet to selectively heat that portion of the sheet which is adjacent the undersurface of the pattern layer, whereby the pattern layer is raised from the sheet surface corresponding to the increase of the volume of the sheet portion.

Abstract: Crushed foam coated urethane foam is disclosed wherein the crushed foam coating contains a pigment or a flame retardant or both to protect the urethane foam against discoloration due to ultraviolet light or to provide protection against fires. The crushed foam may be obtained from a frothed latex applied to the polyurethane foam, dried and crushed to a final thickness of 10 mils to 250 mils.

Abstract: A method of coating sheet material with a coating composition comprising particulate solid material suspended in a liquid carrier, wherein the coating composition is applied to the sheet material as a foam and subsequently dried, the air content of the foam being such that the viscosity of the coating composition is greater in its unfoamed state than in the foamed state in which the composition is applied.

Abstract: A flexible wallcovering is made by applying a foamable composition (13) to a woodchip paper (12, 14) having woodchips defining a relief surface on the paper by a screen printing process and then foaming the composition. Preferably, the wallcovering is of two ply construction with a woodchip content between the plies and the paper is formulated so that the upper ply is dry removable from the lower ply. The woodchips are at least 2 mm in average length; and the woodchips form 20 to 35% by weight of the paper.

Abstract: A process of forming an embossed surface covering is disclosed. The process comprises forming a crosslinkable foam on a backing, depositing an activator composition to initiate cross-linking on at least a portion of the crosslinkable foam, and heating the resulting crosslinkable foam-containing sheet to a temperature sufficient to crosslink the portions of the foam affected by the deposition of activator composition and melt the portions of the foam not affected by the deposition of activator composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for impregnating a porous foam product with a fragrance which is released over an extended period of time. The method includes the steps of depositing scented particles on one surface of the foam and dispersing the particles within the foam by supplying heat to the foam and applying a vacuum to the opposite surface of the foam. Fragrance or fragrance particles may also be added directly to the foam during its manufacture and a semi-permeable film or fabric may also be affixed to the scented porous foam product to retard and thus extend the release of the fragrance. In a preferred embodiment, frangible encapsulated particles of fragrance are used so that the encapsulated fragrance is retained within the foam until it is later utilized and subject to external forces which break the capsule to release the fragrance.

Abstract: Resinous polymer sheet materials having selective, surface decorative effects comprising:(1) a base layer or substrate, such as a fibrous backing sheet material and/or a blown or unblown resinous polymer composition having either an embossed or a relatively smooth surface;(2) a pattern or design printed or otherwise deposited on and adhered to the base layer or substrate, certain portions of the printed pattern or design having certain colors, and other portions of the printed pattern or design having other colors; and(3) a wear layer having an embossed or a relatively smooth surface and containing reactive polymerizable monomers and having certain surface portions provided with a certain texture or effect, such as a flat, dead or dull mat finish, and other surface portions provided with another texture or effect, such as a sleek, glossy or lustrous finish, the interior portions of the wear layer lying under the flat, dead or dull mat finish having a relatively high melt viscosity and containing relatively hi

Abstract: Surface coating methods and apparatus are disclosed which eliminate many of the disadvantages associated with known coating processes from pollution, equipment, materials, energy, labor and cost standpoints. According to techniques described, liquid compositions containing film-forming solids are formulated, then conveyed in the foam state towards a surface, and upon foam disintegration, form a film of solids on the surface. The techniques disclosed eliminate the need for solvents in paints or reduce volatile content to very minimal amounts. This method also enables polymeric compositions having high molecular weight to be employed as coating materials. Furthermore, the method has utility in nearly all coating processes where the film-forming solids are conveyed from a bulk state to a surface for coating.

Abstract: Textured sheet material is produced by a process which includes two printing steps and two separate applications of plastisol in the form of discontinuous layers. The plastisol layers are applied over respective of the printed patterns and the first layer of plastisol is gelled, but not fused, prior to the second printing step which provides an image thereon. The process enables production of a relief pattern having "valleys" of two different depths.

Abstract: Fabrics, such as those in laundry items, are softened and their tendency to accumulate static charges is lessened by application to them of a foam which includes a foaming agent, a fabric conditioner, to improve fabric softness and/or to diminish static, a normally gaseous propellant and water, after which application the laundry is tumbled, preferably in a dryer. The foam thereby becomes spread over the fabric surfaces, conditioning the laundry during a drying operation. In some products a single material may be both foaming agent and conditioner. In other formulations a foam stabilizer will be incorporated to aid the foaming agent in making a more useful foam.In preferred embodiments of the invention, the conditioning composition is a liquid held under its own pressure in a dispensing container and is discharged from it as a stable foam onto the material to be conditioned, which is in a laundry dryer.

Abstract: Polyimide foams derived from mixtures of aromatic diamines and partial esters of a benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid. The precursors are converted into polyimide foams by the application of heat; and the foams are then compressed, yielding dense, rigid, and structurally strong, intumescent materials.

Abstract: Polyimide foams derived from mixtures of aromatic diamines and partial esters of a benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid. The precursors are converted into polyimide foams by the application of heat; and the foams are then compressed, yielding dense, rigid, and structurally strong, intumescent materials.

Abstract: Foam plastics sheet material, such as a wallcovering, has a pronounced decorative relief finish and comprises a substrate web with a foam coating some at least of which is blistered. The blistering is achieved by having two foamable coatings on the web, the lower of which is sacrificed to produce the blistering in the upper. In one method the lower coating is foamed, the upper coating is then applied in its pre-foamed state, and then heated so that the lower coating is sacrificed and the upper coating is foamed and blistered. In another method both coatings are applied in their unfoamed state with the lower coating having a lower foaming temperature than that of the upper coating. Both coatings are then heated together. The lower coating foams and is then sacrificed. The upper coating foams and blisters.

Abstract: Microspheric opacifying agents are provided by admixing an aqueous, partially condensed, aldehyde condensation product with an oily material containing an emulsifying agent thereby forming a water-in-oil emulsion, admixing an amphiphilic acid catalyst with the emulsion and polymerizing the condensation product to form discrete, substantially spherical, opaque, solid particles. Additionally, the solid particles may be separated from the oily continuous phase and admixed with water for the further removal of oily material, and thereby causing the formation of spherical agglomerates or "super particles" having a substantially greater opacity than the aforesaid discrete particles. The super particles are hollow, substantially spherical particles having substantially spherical, discontinuous walls composed of agglomerated substantially spherical particles.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously coating a bottom surface of a wear layer of a carpeting strip with latex foam during continuous manufacture of the carpeting strip and wherein such latex foam is cured to define a compressible backing material for the wear layer of such carpeting strip.

Abstract: An automobile sound insulating panel and apparatus for and method of making same are provided wherein such panel comprises a contoured fibrous pad and a plastisol layer bonded against the pad with the plastisol layer comprising a foamed plastisol layer having randomly disposed air pockets therethrough which provide a minimum weight for the panel while improving the acoustical properties thereof.

Abstract: A fire-retarding polyurethane foam is applied to the interior surfaces of a mine such as mine shafts, entries and tunnels. The coating is applied by spraying a mixture of foam-forming ingredients including a hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene urethane prepolymer and a large amount of an aqueous slurry containing a phosphorous compound, alumina trihydrate and a char-forming material such as starch or wood cellulose. The foam coating acts as a protective sealant, and it can also be applied on other surfaces where insulation and fire retardancy are desired.

Abstract: Floor or wall covering is provided and comprises a decorative opaque surface layer bonded to a sheet backing obtained by comminuting, softening and resheeting a sheet material comprising a fibrous reinforcement, a layer of foamed vinyl resin and pigmented decoration. The fibrous reinforcement is normally of glass fibres and particulate inorganic filler is incorporated into the mass that is resheeted.